Rikicin reactor ptfe yayi layi

A matsayina na wanda aikinsa shi ne ya taimaka wajen adana bishiyoyi, na ga abin ban mamaki cewa a kusan kowane hali ina ceton su daga gare mu.Muna cutar da tushensu, muna murkushe su da masu yankan ciyawa, muna dasa su sosai, kuma muna yin wasu abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke cutar da lafiyarsu.Zai zama abin ban tsoro idan za su iya yin yaƙi da baya ta hanyar Tolkein's sihiri Forest Fangorn.Abu ɗaya, aikin bishiya zai kasance da haɗari fiye da yadda yake a dā.

Amma itatuwa suna iya kare kansu daga kwari da cututtuka.Suna da tsarin kariya da matakan kariya, kwatankwacinsu ta wasu hanyoyi zuwa tsarin garkuwar jikin mu.Godiya da yawa ga binciken da Dr. Alex Shigo na Ma'aikatar Dajin Amurka ya yi tun daga tsakiyar 1960s zuwa farkon 1980, mun san da yawa game da yadda itatuwa ke kare kansu fiye da yadda muka yi shekaru hamsin da suka wuce.

Mun daɗe da sanin yadda, kamar yadda fatarmu ke adana ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa a wajenmu, haushi yana zama garkuwa daga cututtukan bishiya.Tun da ba su da alatu na motsi don guje wa haɗari, bishiyoyi suna buƙatar “fata” mai kauri fiye da mu.Yadudduka na kyallen takarda masu rai da marasa rai suna kare kututturen bishiyar, tushen da rassan daga rauni na inji, bushewa, da kuma daga cututtuka.

Amma lokacin da wani abu ya keta wannan layin na farko - hawaye ta cikin haushi - abin da ke faruwa a ciki yana da ban sha'awa.Lokacin da rauni ya faru, bishiya za ta canza wasu sinadarai da aka adana don yin ɗimbin sinadarai masu kariya.Sa'an nan kuma ya rarraba kuma ya ajiye waɗannan mahadi a cikin wani tsari na musamman na ciki a kusa da rauni.Dokta Shigo shi ne ya fara rubuta wannan tsari, wanda ya kira CODIT - rarraba lalata a cikin bishiyoyi.

A cikin yin waɗannan ɗakunan CODIT, bishiyoyi suna yin bangon sinadarai daban-daban guda huɗu - madauwari biyu, radial ɗaya, ɗaya kuma fiye ko ƙasa da ƙasa a kwance.Bayyana waɗannan bangon ɗan ɓoye ne, ko wataƙila abin ban sha'awa ne, amma idan kuna sha'awar cikakkun bayanai, wannan takaddar sabis ɗin gandun daji na Amurka https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/misc/ne_aib405.pdf yana da kyau sosai. .

Ina so in nuna cewa ƙullewar rauni, wanda aka fi sani da "warkarwa," ba shi da alaƙa ta kud da kud da yawan lalacewa da zai faru.Yawan rubewa ya dogara da yadda yadda bishiya ke iya kashe cututtuka.Rufewa yana da kyau kamar yadda tsarin jijiyoyin jini baya buƙatar karkatar da wani rauni, amma rufewa baya karewa daga ruɓawar ciki idan itacen ya yi rauni sosai don kare kansa ta hanyar sinadarai.

Nasarar wannan bangon bango ya dogara da yawa akan nau'in.Maple mai wuya da farin itacen oak, alal misali, na iya haifar da amsawar CODIT mai ƙarfi.Poplar da willow, a daya bangaren, da kyar suke iya samar da duk wani bangon sinadari, yayin da jinsuna kamar jajayen itacen oak da maple mai laushi ke yin aikin tsaka-tsakinsa.

Gabaɗaya ƙarfin itace wani muhimmin al'amari ne.Mun san cewa idan muna fama da matsananciyar damuwa, rashin abinci mai gina jiki, rashin isasshen ruwa ko kuma kasala, mun fi fuskantar rashin lafiya.Ko da maple sugar bazai iya samar da katangar sinadarai masu ƙarfi ba idan yana cikin rauni.Ta hanyar ma'anar, bishiyoyin shimfidar wuri suna damuwa idan aka kwatanta da 'yan uwansu mazauna gandun daji.Itacen titi ya fi muni duk da haka, yana fuskantar zafi mai haske, ƙarancin sarari, gishirin hanya, gurɓataccen iska da ƙari.

Kuma ba shakka girman raunin ya haifar da bambanci.Ko da bishiyar farin ciki, lafiyayye na iya samun kariya daga babban rauni.Mun san cewa sau da yawa, itacen yana yin hasarar yaƙin da yake yi da lalata.

Ba a san da yawa game da yadda bishiyoyi ke yin maganin kwari ba.Muna sane da cewa bishiyoyi suna kare kwari daga kwari ta hanyar shigar da tsarin sinadarai na ciki don hada abubuwan da masana kimiyya suka sani da Bad Tasting Stuff, don korar su (kwari, wato – ba masana kimiyya ba).A lokuta da yawa suna da alama suna iya daidaita abin da suke yi na halitta zuwa takamaiman kwaro.Amma waɗannan sinadarai masu ƙira ba cikakke ba ne - duba kawai abin da caterpillars na tanti da asu na gypsy zasu iya yi.

Kwanan nan ya zo haske cewa bishiyoyi suna da irin tsarin faɗakarwa da wuri mai nisa.A fili za su iya yin ishara ga juna game da irin nau'in kwaro da ya isa wurin don ci da ganye.Wannan sadarwa tana faruwa ne a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ta hanyar dasa shuki, kodayake tsarin ba a yi cikakken bincike ba.Wasu masanan halittu kuma suna tunanin cewa sinadarai na iska na iya ɗaukar saƙon da ke da alaƙa da kwari, ko ma cututtuka.

Bishiyoyi kuma suna da tsarin kariya da ake kira kwalaben reshe, waɗanda ke gindin kowane reshe.Ƙwayoyin reshe sun fi ƙware fiye da nama na yau da kullun wajen samar da kayan aikin fungicides don samar da shingen kariya.Wannan kwala yawanci ƙaramar zoben “donut” ne kaɗan a gindin reshen – yana da mahimmanci kada a cire shi lokacin da ake yin dasa.Musamman a kan katako mai wuya, yanke pruning ba dole ba ne a taɓa shi da gangar jikin;sai dai a yi su a waje da kwalawar reshe.

Kuna iya taimakawa wajen haɓaka "tsarin rigakafi" na bishiyar ku ta hanyar shayar da ruwa a lokacin bushewa, mulching zuwa dripline, da kiyaye motoci daga tushen tushen.A sakamakon haka, bishiyar ku za ta taimaka wajen kiyaye ku cikin mafi kyawun lafiya ta hanyar ba da inuwa, kyakkyawa da abokantaka.

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da Sauran Hilarities na Duniyar Halitta," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

Ofaya daga cikin fa'idodin samun bishiyoyi a kusa shine dokokin nisantar da jama'a ba sa aiki - kuna iya rungumar duk waɗanda kuke so ba tare da haɗarin yin kwangilar Covid-19 ba.Wata fa'ida, ba shakka, ita ce inuwa.Lokacin da zafi ke kunne kuma kuna buƙatar kwanciya ƙasa kaɗan na ɗan lokaci, yana da kyau idan wasu abokan ku masu inuwa ne.Musamman idan suna da tsayi, nau'ikan balagagge tare da ingantaccen gini.Ee, bishiyoyi suna da sanyi.

Lokacin da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya karu, ana maraba da kowace inuwa.Idan kun yi sa'a don samun manyan bishiyoyi a inda kuke zama, ba wai kawai za ku iya samun hutu daga rana ba, amma yanayin zafin iska zai yi sanyi - har zuwa digiri goma - idan aka kwatanta da waje a fili.Yana da ban mamaki, na halitta, kuma nau'in kwandishan kyauta.

Da yake magana game da wanne, idan kuna amfani da na'urar sanyaya iska, samun bishiyar inuwa a gefen kudu da yamma na gidanku zai rage farashin sanyaya da mafi ƙarancin 30%, kuma maiyuwa har zuwa 50%.Yana kama da maidowa a wani ɓangare na lissafin wutar lantarki.Bishiyoyi masu ɗorewa suna da kyau saboda suna kare ku a lokacin rani amma suna ba da damar hasken rana ta cikin hunturu lokacin da kuke so.

A waɗancan kwanakin bazara masu zafi lokacin da kuke tunanin yana da zafi sosai don yin aiki a waje, ba ku kaɗai ba - bishiyoyi suna da ra'ayin ku.Photosynthesis, wannan tsari mai ban mamaki wanda ke juya carbon dioxide da hasken rana zuwa sukari (saboda haka kiyaye bishiyoyin da rai) da oxygen (don haka yana taimaka mana da rai), baya aiki sosai sama da digiri 85.Duk wannan makamashin hasken rana zai lalace!Ba zato ba tsammani, ganye na iya yin zafi sosai a cikin cikakkiyar rana ko da yanayin zafin iska ya yi matsakaici, kamar yadda wurin ajiye motocin kwalta ke yin zafi a rana.

Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa rufin ciki na itace yana da mahimmanci.Nisa daga zama mazauna unguwar da ba a so, ganyayen da ke da inuwa, kuma a sanyaya su, ta wurin rufin sama su ne manyan ƴan wasa a rayuwar bishiyar, domin su kaɗai ne ke aikin idan ya yi zafi da benensu na sama. makwabta su yi aiki.Don haka yana da kyau kada a yi sha'awar datsewa.Bishiyoyi ba sa son alfarwarsu ta “tsaftace” har zuwa wani girma.

Da fatan kuna shan ruwa mai yawa a lokacin rani.Yana iya ba ku mamaki cewa bishiyoyi na iya raguwa da ruwa, musamman a lokacin zafi, lokacin rani kamar 2016 da 2018. Yayin da muke tunanin cewa tushen bishiyoyi suna nutsewa cikin zurfin neman abin sha mai sanyi, 90% na tushen bishiyar suna cikin saman 10 inci. na ƙasa, kuma 98% suna cikin inci 18 na sama.

Launi mai launin ruwan kasa, mai kama da matattu zai warke daga fari a cikin makwanni kaɗan, saboda ciyawa tana da hanyar da za ta yi barci ba tare da wahala ba.Bishiyoyi, duk da haka, suna ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don murmurewa daga bushewar bazara.Damuwar fari yana raunana bishiyar, yana sa ta zama mai saurin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari.

Duk da yake yawancin haruffa masu inuwa ba su da kyau ga shaƙawa, bishiyar ku za ta yaba da ɗimbin ruwan mako-mako.Manta da lawn - yana iya kare kansa.Da fatan za a tuna da bishiyoyinku, kuma ku shayar da su sosai idan ba a yi ruwan sama sama da mako guda ba.

Akalla tun lokacin Shakespeare, maza sun yi amfani da kalmar "jima'i mai kyau (ko mafi kyau)" don nufin mata.Wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki, ganin cewa maza sun kasance suna da niyyar yi wa mata rashin adalci tun daga zamanin da har zuwa yau.Mata kuma wani lokaci ana siffanta su - da maza, ba shakka - a matsayin mafi ƙarancin jima'i ko rauni.Amma gaskiyar magana ita ce mata sun fi maza ƙarfi idan ana maganar yaƙi da cututtuka kamar Covid-19.Bugu da ƙari, mata na kowane nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa sun fi takwarorinsu maza kyau wajen jure damuwa.

Mun san cewa testosterone yana sauƙaƙa wa maza su kasance da ƙarfi a zahiri fiye da mata.An yi imanin cewa wannan gyare-gyare ne da aka zaɓa ta hanyar juyin halitta wanda ke baiwa maza damar kare mata - waɗanda suka fi maza mahimmanci dangane da rayuwar jinsuna - da kuma kowane jarirai a cikin kulawa.A cikin mutane na ga yana da ban tsoro cewa yayin da yanayi (ko Allah, idan kuna so) ya tsara maza don kiyaye mata, yawancin maza suna lalata tsarin da aka yi niyya ta hanyar cin zarafin mata.

Idan ana maganar rayuwa ta annoba, duk da haka, mata sun fi maza ƙarfi sau biyu.Dangane da labarin Afrilu 18, 2020 a cikin jaridar Burtaniya The Guardian, adadin maza da mata suka mutu sau biyu sun mutu daga Covid-19 a Spain.The Guardian ya kuma ba da labarin cewa a Italiya, adadin masu mutuwa ya kai kashi 10.6% na maza da kashi 6.0% na mata, kuma bayanan farko daga China sun nuna adadin mace-mace da kashi 2.8% a tsakanin maza idan aka kwatanta da 1.7% na mata.Ko da bayan gyara don tasirin salon rayuwa kamar gaskiyar cewa yawancin maza fiye da mata suna shan taba, rarrabuwar har yanzu tana da mahimmanci.

Gaskiya ne cewa a wasu wurare, alal misali Quebec, mata sun mutu da yawa.Wannan na iya zama batun alƙaluma.Jaridar Montréal Gazette ta ba da rahoton kashi 80% na ma'aikatan kula da lafiya na Quebec mata ne, kuma mata sun ƙunshi kashi 85% na waɗanda ke cikin gidajen kulawa, waɗanda Covid-19 ke fama da su musamman.Ko da kuwa ban da Quebec da wasu kaɗan, Kiwon Lafiyar Duniya 50/50, wata cibiya da ke bin diddigin lamuran duniya, ta bayyana cewa yanayin da ake ciki a duniya shine ƙarin maza suna mutuwa.

A cikin littafinsa The Better Half (wanda aka buga a cikin 2020 amma an rubuta kafin barkewar Covid-19), likita Sharon Moalem yayi bayanin cewa yawancin kwayoyin halittar da ke daidaita tsarin rigakafi suna kan X chromosome.Kamar yadda muka koya a cikin ajin Biology na asali, maza suna da nau'in chromosome na XY yayin da mata ke da ƙarin XX.Wannan yana nufin mata suna da X chromosomes sau biyu a kowace tantanin halitta a jikinsu, kuma a cewar Dr. Moalem, mai yiwuwa sau biyu amsawar rigakafi.

Ba zan shiga injina ba (musamman saboda da kyar na fahimce su) na yadda kwayar cutar ta Covid-19 ta “buɗe” furotin mai karɓar mai karɓa da ake kira ACE-2, ta haka ne ke samun carte blanche don yin bacin rai a jikinmu.Muhimmin batu shine furotin ACE-2 ya dogara ne akan jerin kwayoyin halittar da ke kan X-chromosome na ɗan adam.

Dokta Moalem ya ce a lokacin da kwayar cutar ta kewaye wannan sunadarin da ke jikin namiji, to kwayar cutar za ta iya kamuwa da kowace kwayar halitta a jikinsa.Tare da mata, kwayar cutar tana buƙatar shiga cikin sunadaran ACE-2 daban-daban da ke da alaƙa da nau'ikan chromosomes guda biyu daban-daban, suna ba wa tsarin rigakafi mata madadin ko "dama ta biyu" don kare jikinta daga kamuwa da cuta.

An dade da sanin cewa berayen mata da beraye suna murmurewa daga yanayin damuwa cikin sauri fiye da maza, waɗanda ke kiyaye matakan cortisol da sauran alamomi don damuwa da yawa bayan duk wani rauni da aka ziyarta a kansu yayin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban.Amma a cikin duniyar ɗan adam, wani bincike da aka yi a Jami'ar California a Los Angeles a shekara ta 2000 ya gano cewa mata suna magance damuwa na yau da kullun fiye da maza.

A cikin rahoton karshe, babban marubucin Shelley E. Taylor ya rubuta cewa yayin da namiji "yaki ko yaki" amsa ya kasance da kyau a rubuce (har kwanan nan, 80% na duk binciken da aka yi a kan maza), mata suna da ƙarin hanyar amsawa.Da yake kiranta da martanin “ƙauna da abokantaka”, Dokta Taylor ta ce haɓakar mata don ƙirƙira da kula da haɗin gwiwar zamantakewa yana taimaka musu cikin matsalolin yanayi fiye da maza.Ta ce "… oxytocin, tare da haɗin gwiwar mata masu haifuwa hormones da kuma endogenous opioid peptide hanyoyin, na iya kasancewa a ainihinsa [masanin 'ƙauna da abota']."Tun daga lokacin binciken Dokta Taylor, wannan al'amari na son zuciya da abota ya sami ƙarin bincike da inganta shi, musamman ta Lauren A. McCarthy na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Rochester.

Yana kama da jima'i na gaskiya yana da kyawawan fa'idodi masu kyau idan ana maganar tsira da annoba da sauran masifu.

Wataƙila kun ga waɗannan ƙananan ƙafafu masu ƙafafu goma sha huɗu a wani lokaci, kodayake ba za ku biya su komai ba tun kuna yaro.Sashi na shrimp, part kangaroo, da part armadillo, kwaro na kwaya (Armadillidium vulgare) mara lahani ne, idan wani lokaci yana da ban haushi, mai tsinkewa game da ciyar da matattun ciyayi.Har ila yau, an san su da dankalin turawa ko roly-polys, waɗannan su ne mutanen da ke jawo kansu a cikin ɗan ƙaramin ƙwallon don kariya lokacin damuwa.

Kwayoyin kwaya ba sa cizo, harba, ɗaukar cuta, tauna gidanku, ko yin wani abu da ba shi da daɗi sosai, kuma yara yawanci suna son wasa da su.A gaskiya ma, su (kwayoyin kwaya, ba yara ba) suna yin dabbobi masu kyau muddin tsammanin ku game da horo ba su da yawa.Lokaci-lokaci suna samun hanyar shiga cikin cellars kuma su zama abin damuwa, amma ana sarrafa su cikin sauƙi.

Nuna kan katako, ɗaga dutsen lebur, ko duba ƙarƙashin mai shuka furanni, kuma a yawancin wuraren za ku sami waɗannan ɓangarorin.Abin da ya sa suka yi rarrafe daga cikin tekun kuma suka dace da zama a cikin ƙasa, kowa yana tsammani - watakila tekun ya yi cunkoso a wani lokaci.Da kyar su daina duk halayensu na ruwa, kwarin kwaya a zahiri suna numfashi ta cikin gills.Abin da ya sa ake samun su a wurare masu dausayi - suna buƙatar ci gaba da ɗanɗano ɗanɗano, ko musayar iskar oxygen za ta rushe kuma za su shaƙa.

Ya bambanta daga 8.5 mm zuwa 17 mm (kimanin 3/8 zuwa 9/16 na inch) tsayi, kwarorin kwaya suna da launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa, tare da bayanin martabar jiki.Wannan siffa ta ƙarshe ita ce ta yadda mutum zai iya gaya musu ban da 'yan uwansu ƙwayoyin shuka, waɗanda ke mamaye irin wannan yanayin muhalli kamar kwarorin kwaya.Shuka kwari suna da ɗanɗanar itace a cikin jinsin Oniscus da Porcellio, kuma suna da mafi ƙasƙanci.Hakanan, kwari shuka ba su iya yin ball sama don kariya.Wannan tsari na jujjuyawa ana kiransa conglobation, kalmar da aka ƙirƙira musamman don taimakawa 'yan wasan Scrabble.

Bangaren kangaroo na kwayayen kwaya shine macen tana da jaka a cikinta mai suna marsupium inda take saka ƙwai.Matasan suna ƙyanƙyashe a cikin marsupium ɗinta mai cike da ruwa kuma suna zaune a can har sai sun yi girma don yin kasuwanci da kansu.

Kodayake kwarorin kwaya sun fito ne daga Turai, ba su cika dukkan ka'idoji na nau'in cin zarafi ba.Ba sa haifar da gagarumar illa ga lafiyar ɗan adam da / ko tattalin arziƙi da / ko cutar da muhalli, wani abu da ke nuna nau'ikan ɓarna.Ina shakka kwari kwaya suna jin dadi game da rashin izinin shiga kulob din.A gaskiya ma, suna taimakawa sake sarrafa abubuwan gina jiki, don haka suna taimakawa wajen samuwar ƙasa mai lafiya.

Duk da yake ba masu cin zarafi na fasaha ba ne, wani lokacin suna da ƙaramar damuwa idan sun tashi cikin gida.Sarrafa su na iya buƙatar bindiga, mai shimfidar ƙasa, ko na'urar cire humidifier.Tun da yake wajibi ne su zauna a wurare masu danshi, rage zafi shine mabuɗin.Bude tagogin ƙasa kuma yi amfani da magoya baya ko masu cire humidifier don rage zafi a cikin cellar.

Ɗauki ɗigon dutse da aka niƙa (ko wasu kayan da ke bushewa da sauri) a kewayen kewayen gidan ku don kiyaye duk ciyayi da ciyawa daga tushe.A ƙarshe, fasa bindigar caulk don rufe tsatsa tsakanin tubalan tushe da sauran wuraren shiga.Ba zan iya faɗi yadda tasiri mai ƙarfi caulking zai iya zama ban da kowane mai ba da labari - za ku sami shekaru na sarrafa kwaro tare da cikakken aikin rufe fashe.

Tsohuwar maganar “Hanyar zuwa jahannama tana da niyya mai kyau” ta kasance mini ƙarfafawa tsawon shekaru da yawa, tun da na kwatanta hakan yana nufin hanyar zuwa sama tana cike da munanan tunani, waɗanda galibi suna da sauƙin zuwa.Tun zamanin d ¯ a, mun gina kowane nau'i na hanyoyi, manyan tituna, tituna, manyan tudu, terraces, juzu'i, hanyoyin ja, da hanyoyin keke.Amma idan aka yi la'akari da saurin da yawan masu fitar da pollin mu na asali ke raguwa, lokaci ne mai mahimmanci don ƙone sabon nau'in hanya.Hanya, don zama takamaiman.

Shekaru goma sha biyu da suka wuce, mai zane-zane na tushen Seattle kuma mai kula da muhalli Sarah Bergmann ya haɓaka manufar Hanyar Pollinator.An bayyana shi a matsayin "zane-zane mai ban sha'awa, zane da zane-zane na zamantakewa," mazaunin layi na layi don taimakawa kwari masu pollinator samun abinci yayin da suke tafiya a cikin birane da sauran wurare masu kalubale.Tun daga wannan lokacin, ra'ayin ya yadu a ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amirka da kuma bayan haka.

Hanyoyin pollinator na iya zama mai sauƙi kamar layin tsire-tsire na furanni tsakanin bayan gida ɗaya da wani, ko kuma mai girma kamar "bel ɗin fure" wanda ke haɗa wuraren kore a cikin babban birni.Gidan yanar gizon http://www.pollinatorpathway.com/criteria/ yana da kayan aiki da albarkatu, kuma ya lissafa manyan sharuɗɗa kamar buƙatar haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙungiyoyi da hukumomi daban-daban, amfani da tsire-tsire na asali da farko, kuma suna da tsarin kulawa na dogon lokaci.Kamar manyan ra'ayoyi da yawa, ra'ayin hanyar pollinator ya “tafi daji,” kuma mutanen da ba koyaushe suke saba da aikin Ms. Bergmann ke karɓar su ba.

Lokacin kafa kowace hanya mai girma don amfanar masu yin pollin, yana da mahimmanci a haɗa rukunin tsire-tsire masu launuka masu yawa, tsayi, da sifofin furanni.Samun tsire-tsire a cikin furanni a duk tsawon lokacin girma yana da mahimmanci kuma.Wadannan la'akari suna taimakawa wajen tabbatar da mafi girman nau'in nau'in kwari na pollinating na iya cin gajiyar nectar da pollen.

Mai yiwuwa, masu pollinators waɗanda ba kwari ba an cire su daga waɗannan ƙoƙarin.Lemurs, kadangaru, jemagu, birai, opossums, da kuma wasu nau'in kashin baya kusan hamsin suma suna pollinate shuke-shuke.Ina tsammanin jawo tarin lemur, birai ko kadangaru zuwa hanyoyin pollinator na birni zai zama abin kallo mai kyau, amma zan iya tunanin wasu ƴan koma baya.

Ko da yake zumar zuma tana yin zumar ɗan yaro mai pollinator, a cikin babban tsarin abubuwa ba ta ba da gudummawa mai daraja ga samar da abinci na gida da na daji ba.A cikin yanayi mai lafiya, har ma a cikin waɗanda aka yi sulhu da yawa, asu ne na asali, malam buɗe ido, ƙwanƙwasa, ƙudan zuma, kwari, beetles da sauran kwari waɗanda ke yin kusan duk pollinating na amfanin gona na daji da na gida.A wani yanki kamar arewacin jihar New York, tasirin zumar zuma ga pollination ba ta da kyau, in ban da manyan gonakin gonaki a kwarin Champlain.

Ba a ce ba har yanzu ba za mu yi kiwon zuma ba kuma mu damu da lafiyarsu - zuma da sauran kayayyakin kudan zuma na amfanin gona masu mahimmanci - amma ya kamata mu sami cikakken hoto na wanda ke yin pollining.Ƙwayoyin zuma suna da mahimmanci kawai lokacin da aikin noma mai zurfi ya cire tsire-tsire waɗanda kwari na asali za su dogara da su akai-akai, kamar a cikin itatuwan almond na California, har ma a wasu yankuna masu girma na 'ya'yan itace a kusa da Babban Tekuna.

Dalilan da masu yin polliners ke cikin haɗari mai yawa wanda suke buƙatar hanyoyi na musamman don shiga cikin gari suna da rikitarwa, amma suna da alaƙa da magungunan kashe qwari.Wani nau'in maganin kashe kwari da ake kira neonicotinoids, neonics a takaice, sun dade suna da hannu wajen raguwar pollinator.An yi amfani da shi a cikin komai daga sarrafa lawn-grub zuwa waken soya, waɗannan sinadarai suna haifar da dukan shuka mai guba, gami da pollen sa.Labari mara kyau ga kwari, da kuma kudan zuma da malam buɗe ido.A watan Afrilun 2018, Tarayyar Turai ta dakatar da uku daga cikin shahararrun na'urorin neonics na dindindin don kare kudan zuma.

Kuma magungunan kashe qwari, da zarar an yi imani da lafiya ga ƙudan zuma, an ba da suna kwanan nan a matsayin abin da ake zargi da haifar da raguwar pollinator.A cikin rahoton watan Nuwamba na 2017, wata tawagar masu bincike da Cornell ya jagoranta daga ko'ina a Arewa maso Gabas, sun kammala cewa amfani da kayan gwari na yau da kullun a aikin gona yana raunana kudan zuma har ta kai ga fadawa cikin mummunan yanayi ko cututtuka na yau da kullun, abubuwan da galibi ba za su iya yin kisa ba.A yau, ana ɗaukar nau'ikan ƙudan zuma 49 na ƙasa a cikin haɗari, tare da bumblebees musamman masu wahala.

Idan akwai lambar yabo ta pollinator, zai iya zuwa ga nau'in bumblebee na mu na asali.Gashi shine dalili daya da yasa bumblebees suka fi dacewa da pollinators fiye da, a ce, Jaket ɗin rawaya, wanda ta hanyar ba da gudummawa mai kyau ga pollination.Wani abu kuma shine masu bumblers na iya yin aiki a yanayin sanyi da yawa fiye da sauran kwari - ko gashin gashin su na ban mamaki yana taimakawa da hakan, duk da haka, ban sani ba.

Bugu da kari, "bumble" nasu wani bangare ne na kyawun su.Sai ya zama suna girgiza iska a mitar Zinariya, ɗaya daidai don girgiza pollen da ba su da tushe a cikin wasu furanni kamar tumatir.A wasu kalmomi, za su iya yin tuƙi ta hanyar pollination ba tare da buƙatar sauka akan furen ba.Kuma a cikin sha'awar rashin dacewa zan nuna cewa masana kimiyya a Jami'ar Queen Mary ta London sun koya wa ƙwanƙwasa yadda ake mirgina ƙaramin ball a cikin ƙaramin rami don samun ladan ruwan sukari.Ina tsammanin masu binciken yanzu sun shagaltu da wasannin golf na bumblebee.

Idan ba ku shirya yin alamar babbar titin pollinator ba, zaku iya taimakawa al'ummar ku su zama abokantaka na kudan zuma da malam buɗe ido ta hanyar wayar da kan jama'a game da waɗannan batutuwa.Tambayi jami'an yankin ku da su canza dokokin yanki don ba da damar ƙarin shimfidar wurare daban-daban a cikin garuruwanmu da ƙauyukanmu.Tsaftataccen lawn yana da mutuƙar mutuwa ga masu pollinators - bar waɗannan dandelion, saboda alheri.Da fatan za a taimaka a kawar da tsabta!Wannan zai ƙarfafa bambance-bambancen tsire-tsire kuma zai amfana da masu polliners sosai - kuma a ƙarshe, mu.

Ruwan Afrilu yana kawo furanni na Mayu, amma ba duk abubuwan da ke faruwa ba ne abin maraba.Ko da yake yana yiwuwa dandelions ya isa kan Mayflower, ba su sami darajar da suka cancanta a matsayin 'yan gudun hijirar da suka kafa tushen tushe a cikin sabuwar ƙasa, ko kuma a matsayin abincin abinci mai cike da bitamin, ko a matsayin magani mai mahimmanci na ganye.

A kan wannan batu na ƙarshe, Dandelion yana da daraja sosai har ya sami sunan Latin Taraxicum officinale, wanda ke nufin "maganin hukuma ga duk cuta."Akwai fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da yawa da aka ruwaito na Dandelion, waɗanda suka haɗa da tallafin hanta da kuma rage ƙwayar koda da mafitsara, da kuma waje a matsayin maƙarƙashiya don kumburin fata.Ba na yin kama da na san kowane amfani da shuka na baya da na yanzu ba, kuma ina ba da shawarar sosai don tuntuɓar ƙwararren likitan tsiro, da kuma mai ba da lafiyar ku, kafin ƙoƙarin bi da kanku.

Wannan ya ce, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Maryland ta keɓe gabaɗayan shafin yanar gizon dandelion, kuma ta buga wasu nazarin da aka yi bita na tsara.Na taba jin cewa ana amfani da Dandelion azaman maganin ciwon sukari, amma ban sami wata magana ba.Koyaya, Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta U na M ta ce:

"Binciken dabba na farko ya nuna cewa Dandelion na iya taimakawa wajen daidaita matakan sukari na jini da rage yawan cholesterol da triglycerides yayin haɓaka HDL (mai kyau) cholesterol a cikin mice masu ciwon sukari.Masu bincike suna buƙatar ganin ko dandelion zai yi aiki a cikin mutane.Wasu nazarin dabbobi kuma sun ba da shawarar cewa dandelion na iya taimakawa wajen yaƙar kumburi.

Zan ce wannan ba sharri ga sako ba.Kuna iya siyan busasshen tushen dandelion a cikin girma ko a cikin nau'in capsule a yawancin shagunan abinci na kiwon lafiya, ko kuna iya samun shi kyauta a farfajiyar gidanku ta baya, idan ba ku yi amfani da sinadarai na lawn ba.

Sunan Dandelion na kowa ya fito daga Faransanci “dent de zaki,” ko haƙorin zaki, yana nufin ƙaƙƙarfan serrations tare da ganyen su.Ganyayyaki sun bambanta a bayyanar, ko da yake, kuma ban da launin rawaya, ba kowane dandelion ba ne kamar leonid kamar na gaba.A bayyane yake Faransawa suna da kusurwa a kasuwa na gama-gari, saboda ɗayan dandelion moniker shine "pis en lit," ko "jika gado," kamar yadda busassun tushen yana da ƙarfi diuretic.Karin bayani akan haka daga baya.

Ganyen Dandelion ya fi kyau a farkon bazara kafin a yi fure.Girbi a ƙarshen kakar wasa yana kama da ɗaukar latas da alayyafo bayan sun datse-mai yiwuwa, amma ba a mafi kyawun su ba.Idan kuna da 'yan Dandelions sun sami tushe a cikin lambun ku a bara, tabbas suna shirye su tumɓuke su ci a yanzu.Nau'in sabon juzu'i akan jimlar "ciyawar-da-ciwo."

Za a iya yanka ganyen samari a yi hidima a cikin salati, ko kuma a tafasa su, amma ina fi son su idan an yanka su da soya.Suna tafiya da kyau a cikin omelets, soya-soya, miya, casserole, ko kowane tasa mai dadi don wannan al'amari.Tushen sabo za a iya kwasfa, a yayyafa shi da ciyayi da kuma soya.Kyakkyawan magani shine rawanin Dandelion.Dalilin da ya sa suke fure da wuri shi ne cewa suna da cikakkun gungun furannin furanni waɗanda aka ɓoye a tsakiyar kambin tushen, yayin da wasu furanni da yawa ke fure akan sabon girma.Bayan an yanke ganyen, sai a ɗauki wuka mai yankan rago a fitar da rawanin, wanda za a iya yin tururi kuma a yi amfani da man shanu.

Gasasshiyar Tushen Dandelion ya zama mafi kyawun kofi da na taɓa ɗanɗana, kuma hakan yana faɗin wani abu saboda ina son kofi sosai.Ki goge saiwoyin sabo sannan a baje su akan tanda don kada su taba juna.Kuna iya gwadawa tare da saitunan mafi girma, amma ina gasa su a kusan 250 har sai sun kasance masu kyan gani da launin ruwan kasa a ko'ina.Gaskiya ba zan iya faɗi kawai tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauka ba, wani wuri tsakanin awanni 2 zuwa 3.A kowane hali, koyaushe ina gasa su lokacin da zan kasance a cikin gida, kuma ina duba su akai-akai bayan alamar sa'o'i biyu.A nika su ta hanyar amfani da injin sarrafa abinci ko turmi da pestle.Idan aka kwatanta da kofi, kuna amfani da ɗan ƙasa da tushen ƙasa kowace kofi.

Abin sha yana ɗanɗano ɗanɗano, amma kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yana da diuretic fiye da kofi ko shayi.Ban taba samun wannan matsala ba, amma idan tafiyar safiya akai-akai ya shafi zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, zaɓi abin sha na karin kumallo daidai.

Ban gwada giyar dandelion ba, al'adar da ta samo asali a cikin shekaru aru-aru a Turai, don haka ba ni da kwarewa ta farko don bayar da rahoto, amma ana iya samun ɓangarorin girke-girke akan Intanet.Abokai da ƴan uwa da yawa sun gwada ta, tare da rabe-rabe marasa kyau da inganci sun rabu sosai.Ban sani ba idan fifiko ne na sirri ko gwanintar shan giya wanda aka raba daidai gwargwado.

Idan aka yi la’akari da duk kyawawan halaye na ɗandelions, yana da ban mamaki yadda lokaci da kima da al’adunmu ke bayarwa wajen kawar da su.Da alama yana kan sha'awar wasu mutane, waɗanda ke zubar da lawn su tare da zaɓaɓɓun ganyen ganye kamar 2,4-D, dicamba da mecoprop.Waɗannan duka suna zuwa tare da haɗarin lafiya, ba tare da ambaton alamun farashi masu tsada ba.

Ga wadanda watakila sun dauki duk haɗin zaki da nisa kuma ba za su iya barci da dare ba idan akwai dandelions da ke ɓoye a cikin harabar, zan ba da wani sirri don fitar da su daga wuri.Saita injin yanka don yanke a tsayi inci huɗu.Yin hakan zai rage yawan ciyawa sosai, kuma zai rage matsi da cutar da kuma lalacewa.

Na ce duk mun daina kokarin kashe zakin Arewacin Amurka daya tilo da ba ya cikin hatsarin bacewa, kuma mu koyi godiya da amfani da shi.

Bishiyoyi mafi tsayi a wannan gefen Rockies, mu na gabas fari Pine (Pinus strobus) yana daya daga cikin mafi - idan ba mafi girma ba - tattalin arziki da al'adu masu mahimmanci a Arewa maso Gabas.Ko da yake zakaran Amurka na yanzu shine giant North Carolina mai tsayin ƙafa 189, masu katako na farko sun rubuta farar pine har zuwa ƙafa 230.Farin Pine sananne ne don faɗinsa na musamman kuma bayyananne (marasa kulli), katako mai launin haske da ake amfani da shi don shimfida ƙasa, fale-falen fale-falen buraka da sheathing har ma ga membobin ginin.An gina New England akan farar pine, kuma a wasu tsofaffin gidaje, ana iya samun ainihin katakon katako na pine na inci ashirin ko fiye da faɗi.

Ingantacciyar majami'a mai kama da tsayayyen farar pines balagagge yana ba da sha'awa ga yanayin, idan ba zurfin jin tsoro da girmamawa ba.Game da ganewa, farin Pine yana sa shi sauƙi.Ita ce kawai ɗan asalin pine daga gabas wanda ke ɗauke da allura a cikin daure biyar, ɗaya ga kowane harafi cikin “farar fata.”Don bayyanawa, ba a rubuta haruffa a kan allura ba.Kyawawan sa, tsayin mazugi mai inci shida tare da ma'aunin guduro sun dace don farawa da wuta, da kuma kayan ado da sauran kayan adon biki.

Abin ban sha'awa kamar yadda halayen kayan sa suke, farin Pine ya ba mu kyauta mai ƙarancin gaske, amma mafi daraja, kyaututtuka.Tare da alluranta guda biyar da aka haɗa a gindin, farar pine ya taimaka wajen zaburar da ƙasashe biyar na ƙasa don su ajiye makamansu shekaru dubu da suka wuce, kuma su haɗa kai cikin sabuwar ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya mai suna Haudenosaunee ko Iroquois.Tare da zaɓaɓɓun shugabanni hamsin, majalisun dokoki biyu, da tsarin bincike da ma'auni, wannan tsari mai sarƙaƙƙiya mai ɗorewa ya zama tsarin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka.

Jefferson, Franklin, Monroe, Madison da Adams sun rubuta game da sha'awar Haudenosaunee Confederacy.Franklin da Madison sun nuna sha'awa musamman game da hakan, kuma sun kwadaitar da yankuna goma sha uku da su rungumi tsarin haɗin gwiwa irin wannan.Daga cikin tutocin juyin juya hali na farko akwai jerin tutocin Bishiyar Pine, kuma gaggafa, ko da yake an cire su daga pine perch, koyaushe tana zaune akan kudin Amurka.

Haudenosaunee har yanzu yana siffanta farin pine, wanda ake kira bishiyar salama, tare da gaggafa mai sanko a samansa.Mikiya tana nan tana kallon makiya irin su kwadayi da rashin hangen nesa.A cikin ƙwanƙolinsa, an ɗaure daurin kibiyoyi biyar don nuna ƙarfi cikin haɗin kai.Ba daidai ba ne cewa haƙƙin mata na zamani ya fara a Seneca Falls, NY a cikin alamar alama ta farar pine.Masu fafutuka na farko kamar Matilda Jocelyn Gage sun rubuta game da tsananin mamakinsu cewa a ƙauyukan Haudenosaunee, ana mutunta mata daidai da maza, kuma ba a yarda da cin zarafin mata ta kowace hanya ba.

Tare da dalilai da yawa na son farin pines, Na yi baƙin ciki lokacin da farar pines suka fara nuna alamun damuwa a sassa da yawa na kewayon su.Tun daga kusan shekara ta 2009, allura sun fara yin rawaya kuma suna faduwa da wuri, kuma sabon girma ya takure.Da farko waɗannan alamun an iyakance su ne ga wuraren da ƙasa mara zurfi ko ƙasa mara kyau, da kuma kan manyan tituna inda bishiyoyi suka riga sun damu ta hanyar yanke gishiri, wanda ke ƙone ganye da kuma saiwoyi.Fari na 2012 da 2016, wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba dangane da ƙarancin danshi na ƙasa, ya sa pines baya har ma da ƙari.A shekara ta 2018, har ma da wasu pines akan shafuka masu wadata suna kallon rashin lafiya.

Kamar yadda yake tare da yawancin sabbin cututtukan da aka samu, wannan raguwar, wanda ake yiwa lakabi da cutar pine pine (WPND), ba a cika fahimta ba.Abin da aka sani shi ne cewa yawancin cututtukan fungal suna da hannu.Cututtuka hudu da suka shafi allura an keɓe su, kodayake yawanci biyu ko uku ne kawai ke kasancewa a kowane yanayi.Wani abin da ya fi daure kai shi ne, an rubuta kididdigar sauran cututtukan allura, amma kowanne yana iyakance ga takamaiman wurare.An gano tushen ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma wani wanda ke cutar da ƙwayar jikin jiki yana bayyana yana yaduwa ta hanyar kwari.

A baya, kwatsam raguwar nau'in bishiya yawanci yakan faru ne sakamakon wani kwaro da ba na asali ba ko kuma cututtukan da ke haifar da cuta kamar cutar Elm ta Dutch, blight chestnut, ko Emerald ash borer.Wani abin ban mamaki game da WPND, baya ga cewa tsakanin kwayoyin halitta guda shida zuwa goma na iya aiki, shine dukkansu 'yan asalin yankin ne.Ma'aikatar kula da muhalli ta jihar New York (NYSDEC) ta gano wanda watakila ya samo asali ne daga wajen Arewacin Amurka, amma ba a tabbatar da hakan ba.

Shafin yanar gizo na UMass Extension Landscape, Nursery da Urban Forestry ya bayyana cewa, "Rashin kamuwa da cuta ko kwaro ba na asali ba ya sa masu bincike su binciki rawar da yanayin muhalli ke takawa, wanda sauyin yanayi ya canza.Ƙara yawan zafin jiki da hazo daga Mayu zuwa Yuli ya taimaka wajen rura wutar cutar ta WPND.Batutuwan da ke fuskantar gabashin pine pine za su ci gaba, amma akwai zaɓuɓɓukan gudanarwa don taimakawa inganta lafiya da ƙarfin farin pine.

A cikin shimfidar wurare na gida, Cibiyar Nazarin Bishiyar Bartlett ta ba da shawarar "An ba da shawarar yin shuka a kusa da farar pine da shayarwa sosai sau ɗaya a mako yayin zazzafan yanayi.Hakanan ya kamata a kafa shirin hadi, kuma ƙasa tana kiyaye pH tsakanin 5.2 da 5.6.Gyara duk wani rashi na micronutrient (kamar baƙin ƙarfe), da rage ƙwayar ƙasa tare da hanyoyi iri-iri na iska."Farin pine ba za su yi farin ciki na dogon lokaci akan ƙasan yumbu ba, ko waɗanda ke da pH sama da 7.0.Har ila yau, tabbatar da shuka duk pines daga kewayon feshin gishirin hanya, kuma a ba su isasshen wuri.

Masu kula da gandun daji za su iya taimakawa ta hanyar siriri farar pine tsaye.Bayanan farko sun nuna cewa yin amfani da haske na nitrogen na iya taimakawa.Don ƙarin bayani, tuntuɓi ISA-Certified Arborist, NYSDEC Forester, Consulting Forester, ko ofishin Extension na gida.Ana iya samun ƙarin karatu mai zurfi a https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/forest-ecology-and-management/vol/…

A wannan lokacin na shekara lokacin da ba a yi girma ba a waje da dandelions da daffodils, pollen ba ya tuna yadda zai iya daga baya a cikin kakar lokacin da goldenrod ke ko'ina.Wani abu mai ban mamaki shi ne furannin da muke lura da su - dandelions da goldenrod misali ne masu kyau - suna da manyan hatsin pollen masu danko waɗanda ba sa kaɗa iska kuma suna sa mu yin atishawa.

Tabbas idan kuna da saurin kamuwa da “zazzabin hay” kuma ku yi tafiya ta cikin filin Goldenrod a cikin furanni, da alama kuna iya amsawa.Tsaya nesa da furanni masu ban sha'awa idan rashin lafiyar pollen matsala ce.Furen da ba a ganuwa su ne abin lura.Jira - hakan bai fito daidai ba.

Pollen ba shakka ita ce gudunmawar namiji ga iri.Yawancin nau'ikan suna da sassa na haifuwa maza da mata waɗanda ke dacewa akan shuka iri ɗaya.Wasu, kamar apples, suna da dukan shebang a cikin fure ɗaya, yayin da wasu irin su guna suna da furanni na maza da na mata.Wasu 'yan jinsuna - holly misali ne - suna da tsire-tsire maza da mata daban.

Dalilin da ya sa wasu furanni ke fantsama da launuka, ƙamshi, da ƙamshi, shi ne ba da ƙwari, tsuntsaye da sauran masu ƙwari don ɗaukar pollen daga ɓangaren furen namiji zuwa mace don su yi tsiro.Dabaru ce mai matukar tasiri.Ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ko da yake, shine yana ɗaukar makamashi mai yawa.

Wani rukuni na tsire-tsire ya yanke shawarar cewa aiki ne mai wuyar gaske don jawo hankalin masu pollinators, amma mai sauƙi don jawo hankalin iska, wanda kuma zai iya ba da pollen.Amma wannan dabarar ba ta da inganci, don haka tsire-tsire irin su pine dole ne su kwashe kayan da yawa (pollen, ba iska ba).Irin wannan nau'in hatsin pollen yana da ƙanƙanta kuma yana iya yin nisan mil 400 zuwa teku.Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, wanda ya haɗa da bishiyoyi da yawa a yanzu a cikin "fulawa," suna da ƙananan furanni masu launin furanni, sau da yawa irin launi kamar shuka - ainihin ganuwa.

Willow, poplar, elm da maple duk suna pollinated iska, kuma suna fure a farkon bazara.Abu ne mai kyau kuma, domin masu yin pollinators masu tasowa da wuri irin su bumblebees suna buƙatar tushen pollen lokacin da ba a buɗe furannin bayyane ba tukuna.Duk da yake ba haske kamar pollen daga ragweed ba, pollen daga willows da poplars na iya haifar da alamun rashin lafiyar jiki.

Ruwan sama, a fili, yana wanke ƙura, ƙurar ƙura da pollen daga iska, yayin da yanayin bushewa ke haifar da tarin abubuwan da ke haifar da iska.Wadanda ke fama da rashin lafiyar jiki na iya samun ma'aunin sauƙi ta hanyar sanya hula mai faɗi don kiyaye gashi daga zama mai tattara pollen.Yin wasa da tabarau na kusa na iya taimakawa wajen kiyaye wasu pollen daga cikin kwallan idon mutum.Kuma ko da yake busassun tufafin da aka bushe sun fi wari, kar a rataya kayan wanki a ranakun pollen saboda za ku kasance cikin wahala.

Ana iya samun yanayin pollen akan gidajen yanar gizo da yawa - airnow.gov da aaaai.org misalai biyu ne masu kyau.Idan aka kwatanta, adadin pollen ya yi ƙasa sosai a yanzu, don haka yayin da yake dumama, kar a yi jinkirin fita waje.Wataƙila shuka wasu furanni masu haske, masu ban sha'awa.

Ranar Duniya lokaci ne da muke gwadawa da kuma girmama duniyar da ke damun mu.Da yawa daga cikinmu za su yi tafiye-tafiye, hawan keke, ko taimakawa wajen tsaftace bakin teku ko gefen hanya.Dukanmu mun san yana jin daɗi a nutse cikin yanayi.A ƙarshe, kimiyya ta kama hankali, kuma a yanzu an sami cikakkiyar shaida cewa bishiyoyi, ciyawa da magudanan ruwa ba wai kawai suna kwantar da mu ba, amma suna da mahimmanci ga lafiya kamar abinci mai kyau da ruwa mai tsabta.

Dabbobin da aka hana su zama na yanayi sun zama tashin hankali.Sun fara nuna halayen da ba su dace da jinsin su ba;dangantakar zamantakewa ta rushe kuma rashin lafiya yana karuwa.Wannan gaskiya ne ga dukan dabbobi, har ma da sabon abu.

Ok, yi tsammani wannan dabba: Yana cikin phylum Chordata, ma'ana yana da kashin baya, wanda ke kawar da kwari da rarrafe, ba babban ma'ana ba.Ajinsa Mammalia;mata na wannan nau'in suna samar da madara don shayar da 'ya'yansu.Yana cikin tsari na Primate, wanda ke rage shi da yawa.Gidansa shine Hominidae, asalinsa shine Homo, kuma Sapien shine nau'in.

Tambayar dabara (yi hakuri);mu ne.Gaskiya ne cewa an ware mutane daga wasu nau'ikan ta hanyoyi masu mahimmanci, amma har yanzu mu dabbobi ne.Don haka, muna da ƙarfi don a nutsar da mu cikin duniyar halitta.Dokta Frances Kuo daga Jami'ar Illinois a Champaign-Urbana ya ce mutanen da ke zaune a cikin shimfidar wurare da ba su da bishiyoyi ko wasu siffofi na dabi'a suna fuskantar yanayin lalacewa, tunani da kuma jiki wanda ya yi kama da wanda aka gani a wasu dabbobin da aka hana su. wurin zama.

Daga cikin wasu binciken, binciken Dokta Kuo ya nuna cewa tsofaffi tsofaffi suna rayuwa tsawon rai idan gidajensu suna kusa da wurin shakatawa ko wani wuri mai kore, ba tare da la'akari da zamantakewar zamantakewa ko tattalin arziki ba, kuma daliban koleji sun fi kyau a kan gwaje-gwajen fahimi lokacin da windows na ɗakin kwana suna kallon yanayin yanayi. .

Binciken nata ya kuma nuna cewa yaran da ke da ADHD suna da ƙarancin alamun bayyanar cututtuka bayan ayyukan waje a cikin yanayi mara kyau.

A duk duniya, ana jan hankalin mutane zuwa yanayi, koda kuwa hoto ne kawai.Musamman, mun sami savannah, inda muka fara zama ɗan adam shekaru 200,000 da suka shige, yana da ban sha'awa sosai.Mukan yi jajircewa zuwa wurare masu kama da juna kamar wuraren shakatawa, kuma muna yin zanen yadudduka iri ɗaya.Ta hanyar DNA ɗin mu, da kuma sauran abubuwan halitta da ake kira epigenes, muna da alaƙa da duniyar halitta.

An nuna wannan na'ura mai wuyar warwarewa ta hanyar hoton kwakwalwa na ainihin lokaci.Nau'in nau'ikan da mutum ya ci karo da su a yanayi, ko a cikin pine cones, nautilus shells, diatoms, dusar ƙanƙara, rassan bishiya, ko dunes, ana kiran su fractal patterns.Waƙar tsuntsu da sautin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa iri ɗaya ne.Tsarin fractal, ya bayyana, yana rinjayar raƙuman kwakwalwarmu ta hanyoyi masu kyau.

Wani labarin Fabrairu 2014 a cikin guardian.com ya bayyana yadda marasa lafiya na asibiti a cikin ɗakunan da ke da ra'ayoyin bishiya suna da guntuwar asibiti da rashin buƙatar maganin ciwo idan aka kwatanta da marasa lafiya ba tare da irin wannan yanayin ba.Ya ci gaba da cewa bayan sa'a guda kawai a cikin yanayin yanayi, aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kulawa da hankali yana inganta 20%.

Masu bincike a Jami'ar Rochester sun ba da rahoton cewa fallasa ga duniyar halitta yana sa mutane su haɓaka dangantaka ta kud da kud, da daraja al'umma, da kuma zama masu karimci.

A matsayina na mai kiwo, na dade da kawo bincike da ke nuna cewa dashen bishiya na rage aikata laifuka sosai.Bishiyoyi kuma suna ƙara ƙimar dukiya, kuma ba zato ba tsammani, suna sa mutane su kashe ƙarin kuɗi.Ko tsire-tsire ne a kantin sayar da kayayyaki ko bishiyoyi a cikin gundumomin sayayya a cikin gari, mutane suna ciyar da kore a wurare masu kore.

Ba wai kawai muna mayar da martani ga yanayi ba, ba mu rasa ikon mu'amala da ita ba.Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan ya tabbatar da cewa mutane na iya bin kamshi da kyau.Wadanda ke da nakasar gani sun yi amfani da ecolocation na wasu shekaru yanzu, amma wani bincike na baya-bayan nan shi ne cewa za mu iya sake bayyana kusan da jemagu.

Da aka tambaye shi ko mutane na bukatar yanayi, Dokta Kuo ya amsa da cewa “A matsayina na masanin kimiya ba zan iya fada muku ba.Ban shirya in faɗi haka ba, amma a matsayina na uwa da ta san wallafe-wallafen kimiyya, zan ce, eh.”Ko muna bukata ko muna so, muna kan mafi kyawun yanayin mu, don haka ku yi amfani da fa'idodinsa masu yawa.

Yin tuƙi a ƙarshen bazara yana ba ni baƙin ciki.Saboda koyaushe ina wuce aƙalla iyali ɗaya a kan lawn a cikin tsarin Gothic na Amurka: felu a hannu, wataƙila tare da matansu da yara.Akwai wata kyakkyawar bishiya daga tsakiyar lambun a gefe guda daga cikinsu, da wani rami mai zurfi mai zurfi a cikin ƙasa a ɗayan.Idan ban kasance mai kunya ba, zan tsaya in yi ta'aziyya.A bayyane yake suna yin jana'izar bishiyar.

Ranar Arbor tana zuwa ranar Juma'a, 24 ga Afrilu, don haka la'akari da dasa itace tare da danginku ko abokai.Amma yi shi don abin zai daɗe fiye da ku.Babu ma'ana hayar itace a cikin rami mai zurfi lokacin da za ku iya dasa shi a cikin wanda ya dace.

Tsarin tushen bishiyar suna da faɗi - tsawon reshe sau uku, yana hana cikas - kuma mara zurfi.Kashi casa'in na tushen bishiyar suna cikin inci goma na ƙasa, kuma 98% suna cikin saman inci goma sha takwas.Tushen bishiyoyi ba su da zurfi saboda suna son numfashi akai-akai.Ina tsammanin duk zamu iya danganta da hakan.

Pores na ƙasa yana ba da damar tushen samun iskar oxygen, wanda daga ƙarshe ya fito daga saman ƙasa.Matakan iskar oxygen suna raguwa tare da zurfin ƙasa, a ƙarshe ya kai kusan-sifili.A cikin silt, yumbu ko ƙasa mai laushi, wannan batu zai iya zama ƙasa da ƙafar ƙasa.Don yin muni, ƙara takin ko taki a cikin rami mai zurfi yana tabbatar da cewa tushen zai shaƙa, saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke rushe kwayoyin halitta zasu yi amfani da duk sauran oxygen.

Kowane itace yana zuwa da umarnin dasa, koda kuwa babu tag.Don karanta waɗannan kwatance, nemo wurin kusa da tushe inda gangar jikin ta faɗo kuma tushen ya fara.Wannan ana kiransa walƙiyar gangar jikin, kuma shine ma'aunin zurfin.Wutar gangar jikin ya kamata a gani kawai a saman ƙasa.Tare da ƙaramin ƙaramin samfuri, musamman ƙaramin itacen da aka dasa, wannan na iya zama da wahala.Ainihin nemo tushen babba kuma ki ajiye shi kusan inci a ƙasan saman.

Ba duk itatuwan da aka dasa da yawa ba ne suke mutuwa, amma duk suna shan wahala sosai, har ma a mafi kyawun yanayi, zai ɗauki shekaru masu yawa kafin su kama irin wannan bishiyar da aka dasa daidai.Gabaɗaya, ƙananan bishiyoyi sun fi girma.Wani lokaci bishiya na iya rayuwa ta hanyar aika tushen fibrous (mai ban sha'awa) daga karansa kusa da ƙasa.Manyan bishiyoyi kuma suna yin haka, amma sabbin tushen tushen ba za su goyi bayan babban saman ba.

Akwai wata tsohuwar magana, “tona ramin dala hamsin don itacen dala biyar.”Yana iya buƙatar daidaitawa don hauhawar farashin kaya amma har yanzu ra'ayin yana da kuɗi.Ramin dashen ya kamata ya zama siffa mai siffa kuma sau 2-3 diamita na tsarin tushen, amma ba zurfi, ko kuma 'yan sandan dasa shuki na iya tikitin ku.Ba da gaske ba, amma idan arborist ya zo tare, za su iya yi maka baƙar fata.

Kafin cikawa, cire duk burlap da igiya.Ya kamata a yanke kejin waya akan bishiyar ball-da-burlap da zarar an sanya bishiyar a cikin rami.Tsarin tushen bishiyar da aka tsiro a cikin kwantena na iya samun saiwoyin da ke kewayawa wanda dole ne a yi ba'a a kai tsaye, ko kuma za su zama tushen tushen bayan shekaru kuma su shake gangar jikin.

Ƙara ɗimbin kwayoyin halitta zuwa ƙoshin baya mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne tun zamanin da, lokacin da mutane za su iya kama wani arborist, idan mutum yana da amfani, kuma su jefa su cikin ramin shuka.Yiwuwa don mayar da martani ga wannan, arborists yanzu suna ba da shawarar kaɗan ko babu ƙarin kwayoyin halitta a lokuta da yawa.

A cikin ƙasa mai yashi ko nauyi mai nauyi, matsakaici (har zuwa 30%) adadin gansakuka, takin ko wasu gyare-gyare za a iya amfani da su a cikin bayan gida.Kada ka ƙara yashi a yumbu, ko da yake—haka ake yin tubali, kuma yawancin tsire-tsire ba sa girma sosai a cikin tubali.Ƙara ƙarin kwayoyin halitta fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku ta ƙara zai iya haifar da "tasirin teacup," kuma tushen zai iya shaƙewa.Taki yana da damuwa akan sabbin dasawa, don haka jira akalla shekara guda akan hakan.A cikin lafiyayyen ƙasa na ƙasa, bishiya ba zata taɓa buƙatar takin kasuwanci ba.

Ruwa sosai yayin da kuke cikowa, kuma kuyi ƙasa da sanda ko shebur don kawar da aljihunan iska.Sai dai idan wurin yana da iska sosai yana da kyau a daina gungumen bishiyar.Ana buƙatar motsi don gangar jikin mai ƙarfi ya haɓaka.Inci biyu zuwa hudu na ciyawa a kan wurin dasa shuki (amma ba a taɓa gangar jikin ba) zai taimaka wajen adana danshi da kuma kawar da ciyawa.Yana da kusan ba zai yuwu a shayar da sabon dashen ruwa ba, amma yana faruwa.A cikin kakar farko, duba ƙasa kowane ƴan kwanaki don tabbatar da cewa tana da ɗanɗano amma ba ruwa.

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

Jan hankali na yanki yana buɗewa kowace Afrilu, kuma kusan makonni huɗu - ya danganta da inuwa, al'amari da girma - zaku iya kallon "nuna" a wuraren buɗe ido da yawa kusa da ku.Ayyukan kyauta ne, kodayake matinees ne kawai ke samuwa.

Lamarin lokacin bazara shine furen yaduwa, ko da yake ba a sani ba, tsire-tsire na farkon fure.Dangane da wanda ka tambaya, ana iya siffanta shi da itace ko itace, wanda hakan ya sa na yi tunanin ko yana ɓoye wani abu.A haƙiƙa, wannan abu yana da laƙabi fiye da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda Amurka ta fi so.Daban-daban da aka sani da serviceberry, shadbush, shadwood, shadblow, Saskatoon, juneberry da daji-plum, itace karami zuwa matsakaiciyar girman itace wacce ita ma take amsawa ga Amelanchier canadensis, sunanta na botanical.Daga cikin waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka, na fi son juneberry, kodayake 'ya'yan itacen na iya girma a farkon Yuli a arewacin jihar New York.

Ita ce shukar itace ta farko da ta fara samar da furanni masu kyan gani, kuma ana iya ganin farar furanninta a bakin titina, a shingen shinge da kuma gefen dazuka a duk fadin yankinmu a yanzu.Santsi, launin toka-azurfa haushi yana da kyau a kansa.Dangane da yanayi, juneberries na iya girma a matsayin dunƙule mai yawa, amma galibi suna haɓaka kamar bishiyoyi guda ɗaya waɗanda suka kai ƙafa 20 zuwa 40 tsayi.Ba wai kawai furanninsa na farko sun zama abin ado ba, suna tallata wurin tushen berries waɗanda ke da ƙimar sinadirai fiye da kusan kowane 'ya'yan itace na asali.

Juneberries sau da yawa ana watsi da su azaman tushen abinci, wani ɓangare saboda tsuntsaye na iya doke mu har zuwa naushi, kuma wani ɓangare saboda juneberries suna girma sosai wanda 'ya'yan itacen wani lokaci ba su isa ba.Saboda juneberries ba su da ɗanɗano fiye da blueberries, sun ɗan fi girma a cikin furotin da carbohydrates, yana sa su zama babban abinci ga 'yan wasa da sauran mutane masu aiki.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu laushi, masu launin shuɗi masu duhu suna da potassium sau biyu fiye da blueberries ban da adadi mai yawa na magnesium da phosphorous.Suna da kyakkyawan tushen ƙarfe, kuma, suna da kusan ninki biyu fiye da blueberries.Juniberries kuma suna da wadataccen bitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, bitamin B-6, bitamin A da bitamin E.

Junberries suna yin shukar shimfidar wuri mai ban sha'awa, kuma ana iya amfani da su don yaudarar tsuntsayen waƙoƙi kamar itacen al'ul waxwings zuwa yadi.Amelanchier alnifolia, wani nau'in nau'in Plains na Arewa da ke da alaƙa da arewa maso gabashin A. canadensis, ya fi dacewa don amfani da gida, saboda ba ya girma kamar tsayi, don haka 'ya'yan itacen za su kasance a kai.Zai iya jure wa yanayin yanayi da yawa kuma zai bunƙasa har ma a cikin ƙasa mara kyau.Cikakken rana wajibi ne, duk da haka.Wani ƙari kuma shi ne cewa ganyen juneberry yana juya babban kifi-ruwan hoda a cikin fall, yana ƙara darajarsa azaman shrub.Tambayi gidan gandun daji na gida game da ciyawar juneberry.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne sabo ne, kuma suna yin kyawawan pies.Suna da kyau musamman don daskarewa, saboda suna yin kyawawan kayan abinci mai gina jiki a duk shekara.Yana da taimako don daskare su da farko a kan zanen kuki, sannan a tura su zuwa manyan kwantena.Ta wannan hanyar ba su samar da nau'in dusar ƙanƙara na juneberry monolithic wanda ke buƙatar ƙwanƙwasa, kulawar manya da kayan agajin farko don karye guntu.

Jama'ar asali a arewacin Arewacin Amurka suna daraja juneberries, kuma mazauna Turai sun bi misalinsu.Hakanan zaka iya amfani da wannan 'ya'yan itacen daji da ba a yarda da su ba.Wannan lokaci ne mai kyau don yin bayanin wuri na tsire-tsire na juneberry don girbi wannan lokacin rani.

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

Ɗayan tsire-tsire da na fi so ko dai yana da yawa sosai, ko kuma ya ruɗe.A gefe guda, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ciyayi kamar zomaye da barewa sun ƙi ma su taɓa shi, amma mutane da yawa, har da ni, za su ci shi da farin ciki kowace rana yana samuwa.Yayin da ake tuntuɓar shi yana da zafi, an tabbatar da shi don taimakawa wasu ciwo mai tsanani.Yana cikin tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi sama da shekaru dubu, a lokaci guda tana cike da ikon kawar da zunubi, duk da haka kimiyyar likitanci ta gane shi a matsayin halaltaccen magani ga cuta da yawa.Wasu lambu suna la'akari da shi a matsayin ciyawa mai damuwa, amma wasu suna noma shi.

Urtica dioica, na asali ne daga Turai, Asiya, da arewacin Afirka amma ya yadu a ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amirka daga arewacin Mexico zuwa arewacin Kanada tsawon ƙarni.Masana sun yi sabani game da adadin nau'in nettle da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iri a duniya.Don rikitar da al'amura, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan suna hayewa da juna don samar da matasan.Ko da yake wasu ƴan jinsuna ba sa harba, idan ƙwanƙoƙi ne kuma yana ba ku kurji, yana da kyau a kira shi ƙwanƙwasa.

Nettles suna tsiro ƙananan alluran hypodermic akan mai tushe, ganye, har ma da furanninsu.Da ake kira trichomes, waɗannan alluran siliki masu kama da gilashin suna allura da cakuda sinadarai masu ban haushi yayin haɗuwa.Hadaddiyar giyar ta bambanta da nau'in, amma yawanci ya haɗa da histamine, 5-HTP, serotonin, formic acid da acetylcholine.

Don haka me ya sa za su sanya wannan maƙiyin da ke da makamai a bakinsu?To, idan aka dafa ƙwanƙwasa, gashin da ke daɗawa ya lalace.Bugu da ƙari, ƙwanƙwasa ita ce mafi daɗin dafaffen kore, daji ko na gida, waɗanda na taɓa samu.Yana da ɗanɗano kamar kaza.Yin wasa.Yana da ɗanɗano kamar alayyahu, sai dai zaƙi.Za a iya dafa nettles, a dafa, ko a soya su.Suna da kyau da kansu ko a cikin miya, omelets, pesto, casseroles, ko kuma duk wani abinci mai dadi da za ku iya zuwa da shi.

Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da nake so game da nettles shine cewa wasu daga cikin abubuwan kore na farko da za su fara bayan dusar ƙanƙara.Ya kamata in ambaci cewa kawai saman shuke-shuke matasa ne girbe su ci.Abu mai kyau shi ne cewa da yawan ka tara, da ƙarin samari saman girma baya.A ƙarshe za su yi tsayi da yawa kuma suna da ƙarfi, amma ɗaba'a akai-akai na iya shimfiɗa lokacin nettle har zuwa Yuni.

A kan bushe-bushe-nauyi, nettles sun fi girma a cikin furotin (kimanin 15%) fiye da kowane kayan lambu mai ganye.Suna da kyau tushen ƙarfe, potassium, calcium, da bitamin A da C, kuma suna da lafiyayyen rabo na Omega-3/ Omega-6 fatty acids.Domin bushewa kuma yana kawar da tsangwama, an yi amfani da su azaman abincin dabbobin gida.A yau ana ciyar da gwangwani ga kaji don inganta aikinsu.

Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Maryland ta ba da rahoton cewa ƙwanƙwasa na taimakawa wajen kawar da alamun cututtuka, kamar wahalar fitsari, na Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) a cikin maza.Dangane da amfani da zafi don rage zafi, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta U na M ta kuma bayyana cewa bincike “… yana ba da shawarar cewa wasu mutane suna samun sauƙi daga ciwon haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar shafa ganyen nettle a saman wuri mai raɗaɗi.Sauran nazarin sun nuna cewa shan wani tsantsa na baka na stinging nettle, tare da magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa steroidal (NSAIDs), sun ba mutane damar rage adadin NSAID.

Kamar yadda The Cat a cikin Hat ya ce, wannan ba duka ba ne.Kuna tsammanin U of M na siyar da nettles kamar yadda suke tallata su.Ka yi la’akari da wannan amincewa: “Wani bincike na farko na ɗan adam ya nuna cewa ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa ya taimaka wajen rage atishawa da ƙaiƙayi ga masu fama da zazzabin ciyawa.A wani binciken kuma, kashi 57 cikin 100 na marasa lafiya sun ƙididdige nettles a matsayin tasiri wajen kawar da rashin lafiyar jiki, kuma 48% sun ce nettles sun fi tasiri fiye da magungunan rashin lafiyar da suka yi amfani da su a baya."

Ma'aikatan lambu suna amfani da nettle a matsayin "koren taki" saboda su (nettles, wato - masu lambu na iya zama masu arziki na nitrogen, amma ba a ƙara su akai-akai zuwa ƙasa ba).Nettles kuma na iya taimakawa wajen jawo kwari masu amfani.

Me ba za ku iya yi da nettles ba?Ina tsammanin suna da kama da "thneed" na Dr. Seuss.Ya juya za ku iya sa su kuma.An yi amfani da nettle na shekaru 2,000 a matsayin tushen fiber don yin tufafi.A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, Jamus ta yi amfani da zaren zare don kera kayan soja.Na yi cordage daga nettle mai tushe ta amfani da wata hanya mai sauƙi da ake kira reverse-wrapping.

Idan kuna da facin nettle, ɗauki ɗan lokaci don ɗaukar ganye masu lafiya yayin bazara.Abu ɗaya tabbatacce ne: Lokacin da nettles ke kewaye da ku, ba kwa buƙatar damuwa game da nisantar da jama'a!

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

A wani lokaci ko kuma duk mun yi mamakin wani takarda da aka yi zargin an rubuta shi cikin Ingilishi, amma duk da haka ya zama cikin yare na waje kamar su doka-ese, likitanci, ko kimiyya-ese.Irin waɗannan hare-hare na satar harshe na iya barin mu ji ta wurin juyowa gajiya, ruɗe, takaici da tsoratarwa.To, kimiyya yanzu ta tabbatar da cewa yin amfani da babbar kalma lokacin da mai rahusa zai yi daidai yana da kyau a gare mu duka.

Buga na Fabrairu 12, 2020 na Jaridar Jihar Ohio ta ba da haske game da wani bincike na baya-bayan nan game da haɗarin jargon kimiyya, wanda Hillary Schulman, mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin sadarwa a Jami'ar Jihar Ohio ta jagoranta.Shulman da tawagarta sun kammala da cewa “Yin amfani da kalmomi masu wuya, na musamman alama ce da ke nuna wa mutane cewa ba sa cikin su.Kuna iya gaya musu abin da sharuɗɗan ke nufi, amma ba kome.Sun riga sun ji kamar wannan saƙon ba nasu ba ne.”

Ina korafi yanzu da can akan jargon.Yi la'akari da gaskiyar cewa kawai dabbobin da ke da jini suna yin hibernate a cikin hunturu.Dabbobi masu rarrafe da masu amphibians dole ne su yarda da abokansu cewa kawai suna jin zafi a cikin lokacin sanyi, yayin da dabbobin da ke bacci a yanayin zafi suna buƙatar cewa suna ƙididdigewa, maimakon yin hibernate.Na firgita don tunanin irin wulakancin da ake yi wa lakabin mai hibernation mara hibernating.

Amma a zahiri ni wani abu ne na munafuki, saboda ina son jargon a asirce, kuma yana shiga cikin rubutuna kadan fiye da lafiya.An fara ne a Kwalejin Paul Smith da ke arewacin jihar NY lokacin da na koyi “benthic invertebrates” su ne abubuwa masu rarrafe a cikin laka da kuma karkashin duwatsu a kasan rafi.Nan da nan suka zama masu cancantar karatu.Na yi alfahari da takarda na wa'adi na, Bayanin Tasirin Muhalli na izgili wanda a cikinsa na kawo abubuwa kamar Lloyd, Zar da Carr Gyara na Sorenson Coefficient of Species Diversity and Evenness, inda kalmar "C" daidai take da 3.321928 (don Allah a koma baya. zuwa Tebura B a cikin Shafi).

Farfesoshina sun san ainihin abin da nake faɗa.Amma halin da talakawan kasa ke ciki da suke son sanin illar ci gaban da ake samu a garinsu bai same ni a lokacin ba.Yin ma'anar ɗaruruwa ko dubunnan shafuka na ɓarna irin wannan a cikin Bayanin Tasirin Muhalli ba don ƙarancin zuciya ba ne.

Daga nan na yi aiki da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Jihar New York (NYSDEC) don yin bincike da tsaftace ƙasa da ruwan da ke cikin ƙasa da mai da sauran abubuwa suka gurɓata.Ko, a cikin jargon na kasuwanci, L-NAPL da D-NAPL.Waɗancan nau'ikan apples masu guba iri biyu ne, ina tsammanin.A zahiri sun tsaya ga "Haske, Ruwan Ruwa marasa Ruwa" da "Dense, Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquids."Bayan wasu 'yan rahotanni cike da waɗannan sharuɗɗan, tare da abubuwa kamar "air-sparging ta hanyar micro-lenses heterogeneic a cikin glacial outwash formations," da "lokacin da hydrogeological gradient reversals," idanuna za su haye.Kuma waɗannan su ne takardun da na rubuta.

A cikin wata hira da gidan radiyon CBC kamar yadda ya faru Carol Off a ranar da rahoton Schulman ya fito, Schulman ya fayyace cewa “Ba ina nufin yin ra’ayi a kan jargon ba.Ina tsammanin akwai daidaito da inganci tare da waɗannan sharuɗɗan da mutanen da suka sani suka fahimta. "Wannan batu ne mai mahimmanci.Misali, duk kyawawan jargon da na koya don amfani da su a NYSDEC suna da mahimmanci wajen tattaunawa da masu ba da shawara da ’yan kwangila.Na gano cewa bayan an nutsar da ni a cikin duniyar gyaran zube a cikin ƴan shekaru, ya zama yanayi na biyu don yin magana da kowa da kowa haka.Dole ne in sake koyon yadda ake yin magana da al'ada, in ce, mai gida mai gurɓataccen rijiyar idan aka kwatanta da mai ba da shawara wanda aka ba wa alhakin tsara tsarin tacewa.A cikin kowane mahimmanci, ƙila mu buƙaci fassarorin rahotannin fasaha, waɗanda ƙwararrun marubuta suka yi waɗanda ke da ƙaƙƙarfan tushe a fagage daban-daban.

Kamar yadda Hillary Schulman ta gaya wa CBC, "Lokacin da masana kimiyya suka yi amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗa kai tsaye suna iya raba masu sauraron su fiye da yadda suke fahimta."Ban cancanta a matsayin masanin kimiyya ba, amma ina yin rubutu game da kimiyya, don haka zan yi ƙoƙari na zama mai ban tsoro nan da nan.

Don cikakken labarin daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, je zuwa https://news.osu.edu/the-use-of-jargon-kills-peoples-interest-in-science…

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

Ko da yake mahaifiyata Ba-Amurke ta koya mani cewa prefix O' (zuriyar) asalin wani yanki ne na sunayen sunayen Irish na kowa kamar Kelly, Murphy, Hogan da Kennedy, zai yi kama da kunnuwana cewa waɗannan iyalai za su koma tsohuwar. - Duniya siffar.Ina da wannan batu tare da sabon-duniya marsupial, opossum.A cikin kwarin Genesee na Jihar New York inda na girma, waɗannan critters na ko'ina an san kowa da kowa a matsayin possums, kuma har yanzu yana jin baƙon abu don jin an ambaci sunansu da kalmomi uku.

Daga cikin sanannun nau'in opossums 103 a duniya, kusan dukkanin suna zaune a Kudancin Amurka da Amurka ta tsakiya (don rikodin, babu possums ko opossums a Ireland).Anan a Arewacin Amurka, muna da guda ɗaya kawai, Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana).

Da alama wannan dabbar ta samo asali ne a Kudancin Amirka, ta fara bayyana a tarihin burbushin halittu kimanin shekaru miliyan 20 da suka wuce.Ta yi yawo a arewa kimanin shekaru miliyan 2.7 da suka wuce a lokacin abin da ake kira "Babban Mu'amalar Amurka," da alama wani nau'in shirin musayar waje ne na farko.Wannan shi ne lokacin da jinsunan arewa kamar barewa, foxes, zomaye, bears, wolfs da otters suka mamaye Kudancin Amurka.Baya ga possum, critters na kudanci waɗanda suka yi ƙaura zuwa arewa sun haɗa da jemagu da jemagu, da tarin nau'ikan da ba sa son yanayin mu, kuma nan da nan suka ɓace a nan.

Kamar skunk, moose, muskrat, woodchuck da sauran dabbobin da suka fito daga nahiyar Amurka, wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa, mu ’yan ciranin Turai mun san su da daya daga cikin sunayensu na asali.A wannan yanayin, opossum kalma ce ta Powhatan, wacce Kyaftin John Smith ya fara rubutawa a cikin Ingilishi a cikin kusan 1609 a Jamestown a yankin Virginia.Na karanta cewa kalmar Powhatan “apassum” tana nufin wani abu fari da kama-kare, amma Smith ya kwatanta dabbar a matsayin mai girman cat, mai wutsiya na bera, kuma kai kamar na alade.

Ko da a yau, mutane suna ba'a cewa an taru opossum tare da ragowar sassan, ko da yake ina tsammanin platypus yana karɓar kyautar don haka, (webbed) hannu.Dole ne in yarda cewa possums yana kama da ɗan yatsa: Suna da manyan yatsotsin yatsa kamar birai, koalas da pandas, kodayake ƙafafunsu na baya, maimakon na gaba, sun fi agile.Marsupial na Amurka daya tilo, suna da ginanniyar fasalin majajjawa jarirai kamar yadda kangaroos da wallabies suke yi.Wutsiyoyinsu ba su da ƙarfi, suna iya naɗawa da kama abubuwa yadda biri zai iya.Kuma tare da baki mai cike da hakora masu kama da allura 50, possums sune mafi yawan haƙori na Arewacin Amurka.Watakila sun yi ƙasa da kayan gyara kayan gyara, kuma sun fi kama da dabbar kayan aiki da yawa.

Wannan kwatankwacin na iya zama gwaninta, saboda possums suna da sauƙin daidaitawa, ba su damu da abin da suke ci ko inda suke zama ba.Abincinsu zai iya haɗawa da wani abu daga datti da nama mai ruɓewa, zuwa sabbin 'ya'yan itatuwa da kayan marmari, zuwa raye-rayen amfibiya da ƙwai na tsuntsaye.Iyalin opossum na jarirai joeys goma sha uku daidai suke a gida a cikin bishiyar dazuzzuka, wani buro na woodchuck da aka watsar a gona, ko kuma ƙarƙashin baranda na baya a cikin kewayen birni.

Dangantakar su ga gawa da abinci mai wari yana ba opossum mummunar suna, amma idan aka kwatanta da berayen, raccoons da skunks waɗanda ke kula da kwanon takin da kashe hanya, suna fitowa suna wari kamar wardi.Abu na daya, possums ba kasafai ake samun rabies ba.An yi imanin ƙarancin zafin jikinsu da ba a saba gani ba ya sa cutar ta yi wuyar rayuwa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ba a ɗauke su a matsayin vector na rabies.Yawancin su ba su da ƙarfi, kuma ba a san su da damun mutane ko dabbobi ba.

A gaskiya ma, ko da possum yana jin rashin lafiya, da alama ba zai iya yin yaki ba."Wasa possum" ba dabara ba ce, a'a amsawar jijiya ce mai kama da kamawa.Yayin da jikinta ya karkata ya yi tauri, laɓɓansa suna ja da baya don fallasa haƙoran da suka cika da kumfa.Babban abin jin daɗi shi ne cewa wani ruwa mai ƙamshi yana fitowa daga gland ɗinsa na tsuliya.Yana ɗaukar ko'ina daga ƴan mintuna zuwa sa'o'i da yawa don dabbar ta dawo hayyacinta.Ba abin mamaki ba ne irin wannan aikin mai tursasawa ana ɓoye shi a cikin DNA na possum.Wannan matakin na rashin son rai yana da ƙarfi da shekaru, don haka ƙaramin yaro bazai sami bayanin ya suma na mintuna biyu cikin wasan bacin rai ba.

Yanzu da kaska mai baƙar fata ko barewa ta kafu a yankinmu, cutar Lyme da bambance-bambancenta da dama, da kuma wasu cututtukan da ke ɗauke da kaska, barazana ce ta gaske.Idan opossums ba su same ku a matsayin kyakkyawa ba, kuna iya son su mafi kyau idan kun koyi cewa suna cin kusan kashi 95% na kaska da suke samu a jikinsu.Har ma an kama su a kyamara suna saran kumbura daga fuskokin barewa.Ganin cewa kaska mai cike da cikar mace yana kumbura sau 600 na nauyinta na asali, Ina tsammanin cin daya zai kasance daidai da samun tsiran alade na jini don abincin dare.

Kiyasi kan adadin kaska da suke kashewa ya bambanta da yawa, amma a tsawon rayuwarta na shekaru biyu zuwa hudu, opossum na iya kashe kaska 20,000 zuwa 40,000.Duk da yake yana iya zama kamar dai ya kamata mu fara kiwon dabbobin dabbobi, bari mu sanya wannan a cikin mahallin: waɗannan lambobi suna wakiltar zuriyar kawai 7 zuwa 14 na barewa na mata.Duk da haka, ya fi komai kyau.

A cewar researchgate.net, opossums an taƙaita su zuwa kudu maso gabashin Amurka shekaru ɗari da suka wuce.A wancan lokacin zangon nasu ya tashi daga gabashin Texas har zuwa arewacin Illinois, sannan gabas, suna tafiya a kudu da manyan tabkuna a cikin wani mummunan layin da ke kan arewacin Pennsylvania zuwa bakin teku.

Yanzu ana samun su a ko'ina cikin Wisconsin, Michigan, da New England, kuma a kudancin Ontario da Quebec.Sa’ad da na ƙaura zuwa kwarin St. Lawrence a shekara ta 2000, mazauna yankin da suka girma a wurin sun tabbatar da cewa har yanzu ba a sami wani kuɗi a yankin ba.Sai a shekarar 2016 na ga opossum na farko da aka kashe a hanya.Tun daga wannan lokacin, gani ya zama ruwan dare a kowace shekara.

Ba a sani ba ko wannan yanayin yaɗuwar yanayi ne, ko kuma idan an haɓaka ta ta hanyar canjin yanayi da ɗan adam ke haifar da shi kamar lokutan girma mai tsayi da lokacin sanyi.Opossums ba sa yin bacci, don haka yana yiwuwa tsananin sanyi na iya zama abin da ya iyakance kewayon su.Ko ta yaya, ina ba da shawarar mu yi maraba da zuwan da ba a saba gani ba amma da kyau.Dukanmu mun kasance baƙi sau ɗaya.

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

Don cikakken labarin daga Jami'ar Jihar Ohio, je zuwa https://news.osu.edu/the-use-of-jargon-kills-peoples-interest-in-science…

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

Matata ta francophone tana yawan jin daɗi yayin da na fara apprendre la langue, kamar lokacin da na ce connard lokacin da nake nufi canard.Ga masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya a can, canard na nufin duck, yayin da m daidai da connard kalma ce da ke daɗaɗa da "spithead," kuma ba ku so yaranku su faɗi.Amma inda aka damu mallards da sauran ducks-ducks, biyun suna da alaƙa.Drake ko na miji shine cikakken connard wani lokaci.

Ka'idar Darwiniyanci "tsira da mafificin rai" ba koyaushe game da wanda ya yi nasara a gwagwarmayar antler ba ko gasar kokawa.Fitness yana nufin dacewa da yanayin mutum don ya rayu tsawon lokaci don haifuwa kuma ta haka ya ba da DNA na mutum.Fiye da komai, yana nufin zama mai daidaitawa.

Mallard, watakila mafi kyawun agwagwa a Arewacin Amurka tare da drake mai launin kore mai sheki, lissafin lemu mai haske da farar kwala, na iya zama mafi kyawun nau'in halitta.A zahiri, masanin ilimin halittu na Jami'ar Alberta Lee Foote ya kira su "Chevy Impala na agwagwa."Ga waɗanda aka haifa bayan 1990, Impala da aka taɓa zama a ko'ina ya kasance manufa duka, kusan sedan mai hana harsashi.

'Yan asalin Arewacin Amurka da Tsakiyar Amurka, Eurasia da Arewacin Afirka, an gabatar da mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) zuwa Kudancin Amurka, Australia, New Zealand, da Afirka ta Kudu.Zai iya zama mafi sabis ko da fiye da Impala.Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Kare Halitta, ƙungiyar da aka sadaukar don dorewar albarkatun ƙasa, ta lissafa ta (agwagwa, ba mota ba) a matsayin "nau'i mafi ƙanƙanta.

damuwa."Wannan nadi yana jin kamar ba shi da daɗi, amma akwai damuwa a wurare irin su Afirka ta Kudu da New

Ba kamar motoci ba, inda matasan ke da kyau amma ba su da 'yanci, mallard hybrids sun zama ruwan dare ta yadda sauran agwagi na iya ɓacewa nan ba da jimawa ba a matsayin nau'in jinsin daban-daban.Yawanci, siffa mai ma'anar nau'in nau'in ita ce rashin iya hayewa tare da wasu nau'ikan don haifar da 'ya'ya, ko aƙalla kowane mai haihuwa.Mallards, a bayyane yake, ba su karanta littattafan ba.Ina ƙin shi lokacin da yanayi ya yi haka.

Mallard hyper-hybridization saboda gaskiyar cewa sun samo asali a cikin marigayi Pleistocene, kwanan nan a cikin sharuddan juyin halitta.Mallards da danginsu "kawai" sun kasance a cikin 'yan shekaru dubu dari.Dabbobin da suka samo asali miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata sun sami lokaci don yadawa da haɓaka gyare-gyare na musamman, galibi sun haɗa da canje-canje na zahiri da na ɗabi'a waɗanda ke sa su saba da nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa sau ɗaya.

Mallards akai-akai suna haɗuwa da bakaken agwagi na Amurka, amma kuma suna haifuwa da aƙalla wasu nau'ikan dozin guda goma, a wasu lokuta yana haifar da asara ko kuma kusan bacewar nau'ikan.A cewar Cibiyar Bayanai ta Duniyar Invasive Species Database (GISD), "Sakamakon [na mallard interbreeding], duck Mexico ba a la'akari da jinsin, kuma kasa da kashi biyar cikin dari na ducks masu launin toka na New Zealand ba su kasance ba."

Mallards wani nau'i ne na kududdufi ko duck, suna karkatar da kawunansu a ƙarƙashin ruwa don ciyar da mollusks, tsutsotsi na kwari da tsutsotsi, sabanin ruwa bayan ganima.Suna kuma cin iri, ciyawa da tsire-tsire na cikin ruwa.An saba da mutane da kyau, suna jin daɗin tsintar gurasar rana a wuraren shakatawa na birni.

Dabarun aurensu, kodayake ba su da alhakin nasarar su, na iya zama alamar ta.A cikin kusan kashi 97% na nau'in tsuntsayen duniya, mating wani ɗan gajeren lokaci ne, wani lamari na waje wanda kayan mazan ke wucewa ga mace ta hanyar taɓa bayansu tare da abin da ake kira (da mutane aƙalla) "kiss cloacal. ”Cloaca shine buɗaɗɗen burin tsuntsu da ake amfani da shi don wuce ƙwai, najasa da duk abin da ake buƙata.Wannan wasan kwaikwayo na PG-13 yana jin komai sai na soyayya.

Wasu agwagi sun tafi zuwa ga sauran matsananci, suna lalata a cikin X-rated, jima'i na tashin hankali.Maza-duck-duck na iya samun membobi fiye da jikinsu, wanda tabbas yana sanya abubuwa cikin hangen nesa a gare mu.Har ila yau, ya zama ruwan dare cewa yawan mallard drakes suna haɗuwa da kowace kaza, wani lokaci a lokaci ɗaya, wani lokaci yana haifar da rauni ko, da wuya, mutuwar mace.

Wannan yana kama da mummunar hanya don gudanar da nau'in jinsin, tare da drakes suna aikata laifin mata.Amma ta fuskar rayuwa ta ƙungiya-ƙungiya, akwai ma'ana gare ta.An lura da mata suna ta tattara agwagwa-gwagi waɗanda kamar ba su da wani abin da ya fi dacewa da su.Dalilin da kazar mallard za ta iya barna a falon tafkin ko wasu wuraren shakatawa don su bi ta yana da nasaba da tsawon rayuwarta.Ya bambanta da Goose na Kanada, wanda aka sani yana rayuwa daga shekaru goma zuwa ashirin da biyar a yanayi, mallards na daji suna da matsakaicin tsawon shekaru uku zuwa biyar.Wannan yana nufin yawancin mata, waɗanda suka fara haihuwa tun suna shekaru biyu, za su yi aure sau ɗaya kawai a rayuwarsu.Haɗuwa da yawa, waɗanda za su iya jefa kaza cikin haɗari, aƙalla za su tabbatar da ƙwayayenta za su haihu.

Kuma 'yan agwagwa suna da sirri, idan m, dabara - da zarar kaza ya sami hankalin samari, mai yiwuwa ba za ta iya kawar da su ba amma za ta iya ɗaukar baban duckling.Idan namiji bai dace da ita ba, za ta shiryar da azzakari mai hasara zuwa cikin mataccen farji har sai ya gama, karya ce ta fitar da shi.Amma idan ta so

drake, mai sa'a za a bar shi ya tafi dukan yadi tara.Don haka in yi magana - Ina shakka yana da tsayi haka.

Babu shakka, mallard ba sa buƙatar taimakonmu neman abinci.A mafi yawan lokuta ba kyakkyawan ra'ayi ba ne - kuma dokokin gida na iya hana shi - ciyar da tsuntsayen ruwa.Wannan na iya haifar da ƙara gurɓatar ruwa da cututtuka, har ma da wasu cututtuka da ke shafar mutane.Abin da ake kira “ƙaiɗan masu ninkaya,” ƙwayar agwagwa da ke addabar masu zuwa bakin teku, ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta.GISD ta ce “…mallards sune manyan abubuwan da ke da nisa na H5N1 [mura tsuntsaye] tunda suna fitar da mafi girman adadin kwayar cutar fiye da sauran agwagi yayin da suke da kariya daga tasirinta… yana ba da hanyar haɗi zuwa tsuntsayen ruwa na daji, dabbobin gida, da mutane suna mai da shi cikakkiyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. "

Tsawon rayuwar mallards ya kori nau'ikan don haɓaka dabarun da suka haɗa da ɗabi'a na maza.Mutane ba su da irin wannan uzuri.Zai zama abin mamaki idan mu mutane za mu iya yarda da cewa ba za mu taɓa yin aiki kamar maɗaukaki ba, amma hakan na iya zama ba gaskiya ba a cikin duniya mai sarƙaƙƙiya.Wataƙila za mu iya aƙalla ƙoƙari mu zama yare biyu.

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

Wani lokaci ina mamakin ko annoban Littafi Mai-Tsarki na ƙasar Masar ta dā sun daɗe a wata hanya ko wata.Blooms na algae mai guba, wanda lokaci-lokaci ya juya ruwa zuwa launin ja-jini, yana kan karuwa.Ƙanƙara da ƙanƙara an maye gurbinsu da kaska na barewa, waɗanda zan yi jayayya sun fi muni, kuma babu ƙarancin ƙanƙara a lokacin.Watakila ba a samu barkewar kwadi tun zamanin Fir'auna ba, amma dafin da ake shigo da su a Ostireliya a yanzu sun yi kaca-kaca a wurin, suna lalata kowane irin dabbobin gida.Kuma a halin yanzu, tarin fari na haifar da wahala sosai a Somaliya, Habasha, da Kenya.

A nan Arewa maso Gabas, Allah ya albarkace mu daga irin ciyawar da ke ci gaba da jawo wahalhalu a Afirka.Duk da haka, fara ya zama irin wannan matsala ta yadda a cikin 2014 Ma'aikatar Kula da Muhalli ta Jihar New York (NYSDEC) ta ayyana fara a matsayin Ka'idojin Cin Hanci, ma'ana "ba za a iya shigar da shi da gangan cikin yanayin rayuwa mai 'yanci ba."Ma'ana, fara'a tana halatta ne kawai a muhallin da ba za su iya tserewa ba.

Kamar yadda aka saba wannan budi ne na yaudara, wanda gaskiya ba na neman afuwa.A cikin wuyanmu na dazuzzuka, farar da suka shafi NYSDEC da sauran ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa baƙar fata ne (Robinia pseudoacacia), bishiyoyi waɗanda suka samo asali a Tsakiyar Gabas ta Amurka.

Wani memba na dangin fis, farar baƙar fata yana girma a tsayin ƙafa 60-80, kuma yana samar da wadatar nitrogen ta hanyar "gyara" nitrogen na yanayi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin ƙasa na symbiotic akan tushen nodules.Wannan taki kyauta yana baiwa fara'a fa'ida akan wuraren da ba su da abinci.Bugu da ƙari, ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru ne ta hanyar tushen suckers ko sprouts, kamar yadda poplars ke yi.Musamman a cikin ƙasa mara kyau, wannan na iya haifar da kututturen farar da ke kusa da monoculture.Fara ta sake ba wa kanta wani baƙar ido ta hanyar samun ƙayayyun ƙayayuwa waɗanda ke iya yanke tufafi da fata.

Ta hanyar ma'anarsa, nau'in cin zarafi ya fito ne daga wani tsarin halittu (yawanci a ƙasashen waje), yana iya bunƙasa da maye gurbin masu fafatawa na asali, kuma yana haifar da tasirin tattalin arziki, muhalli, ko lafiyar ɗan adam.Misalai irin su Emerald ash borer, ƙwaro mai tsayin ƙaho na Asiya, knotweed na Japan, da swallow-wort a fili sun dace da wannan lissafin, suna haifar da biliyoyin lalacewa, amma ba tare da halayen fansa ba.

Ina ganin ba daidai ba ne a fentin duk masu cin zarafi da goga iri ɗaya.Abu ɗaya, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa akwai nau'ikan ɓarna fiye da 400 a cikin jihar NY kaɗai, bristles zai ƙare da daɗewa kafin ku gama aikin.Yana da ban sha'awa cewa baƙar fata, wanda wasu asusun ya bazu daga asalinsa shekaru 500 ko fiye da suka gabata, an lakafta shi da mamaye a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ko makamancin haka.A kan ciyayi, da wuraren zama na tsuntsayen ciyawa gabaɗaya, yana iya zama matsala.Koyaya, akwai wasu yankuna da yawa waɗanda ke da fa'ida a fili, ta fuskar tattalin arziki da muhalli.

Dokta Robert P. Barrett na Jami’ar Jihar Michigan, wanda ke binciken bishiyar fari tun 1978, ya rubuta cewa “...saboda flavonoids da ke cikin itacen zuciya, [baƙar farin itace] na iya jure sama da shekaru 100 a cikin ƙasa.”Matsar, redwood, wanda kawai yana da shekaru 30.Rot-resistance shine abin da ke sa buƙatun shingen shingen fara ya wuce abin da ake samarwa a wannan lokacin.

Wannan ingancin shine dalilin da ya sa aka shigo da fara baƙar fata zuwa Turai a farkon shekarun 1600.Da shigewar lokaci, gandun daji na Turai sun yi aiki mafi girma na zaɓen halaye irin su madaidaiciya, kututture masu ɗamara, kuma a yau an ce ana samun mafi kyawun hanyoyin samun kayan fara mai kyau a Hungary.Nan da nan manoman Turawa suka gane ganyen fari wani muhimmin sinadari ne na gina jiki ga dabbobi masu rarrafe, kuma har yau ana amfani da shi a Turai da kuma a yawancin kasashen Asiya inda ake fitar da bakar fari zuwa kasashen waje.

Rubuce-rubuce don Shirin Kananan Gona na Cornell, ƙwararren Ƙwararru Steve Gabriel ya lura cewa masu kiwon zuma suna daraja baƙar fata.Furen sa suna da mahimmancin tushen nectar ga kudan zuma, kuma sakamakon zuma, wani lokacin ana kiranta zumar ƙirya, ana nema sosai.Jibrilu ya kuma rubuta cewa ana amfani da farar baƙar fata a matsayin “girman noman noma” ga gonakin goro domin tana sanya nitrogen cikin ƙasa, kuma gubar da aka fitar daga tushen goro ba ta shafa ba.

Wani batu kuma shi ne cewa farar baƙar fata ta dace don kwato ramukan tsakuwa, ma'adinan tsiri da sauran wurare masu tsauri.A karshen takardarsa ta 1990 mai suna "Black Locust: A Multi-Pose Tree Species for Temperate Climats," Dr. Barrett ya ce "A matsayin daya daga cikin itatuwan da suka fi dacewa da saurin girma da ake samu don yanayin yanayi, za a ba da daraja ga yashewa. sarrafawa da sake dazuzzuka a kan wurare masu wahala.Ana iya buƙatar sabbin gandun daji na nau'ikan girma cikin sauri don rage yawan CO2 a cikin yanayin mu."

Ba wai fara baƙar fata kawai ke girma da sauri a wuraren da ke fama da talauci, itacen sa yana da ƙimar zafi mafi girma akan kowace bishiya a Arewa maso Gabas.Taswirar itace-BTU ba kasafai ake yarda ba, mai yiwuwa saboda bambancin yanayin girma daga wuri zuwa wuri wanda ke shafar ingancin itace, amma galibi ana ƙididdige farar baƙar fata tsakanin miliyan 28 zuwa 29.7 BTU a kowace igiya.Wannan yana sanya shi daidai da, ko dan kadan fiye da, hickory.Gwaje-gwajen da Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru suka ɗauka ta ɗauka sun nuna cewa, baƙar fata fara ne mafi arha don girma kuma ya samar da mafi girman darajar zafi, tare da kimanin BTU miliyan 200 a kowace kadada bayan shekaru biyar.

A kasuwanci, baƙar fata fari yana buƙatar manyan katako na ma'adinai, layin dogo, ginin kwale-kwale, da aikace-aikace da yawa inda tsayayyar juriya ke da mahimmanci.A cewar wood-database.com, "Black Locust itace itace mai wuyar gaske kuma mai ƙarfi, yana fafatawa da Hickory (Carya genus) a matsayin katako mafi ƙarfi da ƙaƙƙarfan katako na gida, amma tare da ƙarin kwanciyar hankali da juriya."Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya don Kare Halitta tana ɗaukarsa ɗaya daga cikin tushen katako mafi ɗorewa kuma mai dacewa da muhalli, kuma gidauniyar namun daji ta ƙasa ta ce tana karɓar nau'ikan malam buɗe ido da asu 57.Duk kyawawan dalilai don bugi fara daga jerin annoba.

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

A ƙoƙarin haɓaka ingantaccen salon rayuwa, Ina so in faɗakar da jama'a game da sinadarai masu haɗari a cikin abinci da abubuwan sha.Daya musamman alama da wuya a guje.Kasance cikin tsaro don Dihydrogen Oxide, wani fili mai ban tsoro wanda zai iya lalata ƙarfe, narkar da kankare, da lalata tarin kayan gida.Jira, a'a - ruwa ne kawai.Samu duk m game da kome ba.

Yayi, ga walƙiyar labarai mai tada hankali: an san karas ɗin kwayoyin halitta suna ɗauke da (2E,4E,6E,8E) -3,7-dimethyl-9- (2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen), wanda kuma aka sani da retinoic acid.Tsaya;Yi hakuri – wannan shine na halitta Vitamin A. Amma waken soya wanda ba shi da maganin kashe qwari tabbas ana loda shi da 4,5-Bis (hydroxymethyl) -2-methylpyridin.Wannan zai sa ku yi tunani sau biyu game da sanya tofu akan cokali mai yatsa.Kash, na sake yi.Wannan kayan shine Vitamin B6, wanda ke cikin mafi yawan hatsi - uzuri don sanya ƙafata a cikin bakina.

Dukanmu muna son abinci mai lafiya, mai ɗanɗano, abinci mara guba.Abin takaici, yana da ƙara ƙalubale don sanin ko abincinmu ya dace da wannan bayanin.Sharuɗɗa irin su "kwayoyin halitta" da "na halitta" sun zama ruwa-ruwa kuma sun yi laka a cikin tsarin mulki - wanda na ba da shawarar kowa ya guje wa, ta hanya - kuma sun rasa mahimmancin su.A taƙaice (sai dai idan kuna rashin lafiyar), abincin da ke kan lokaci da yanki shine koyaushe mafi kyau a gare mu.Idan mai noman yana da Certified Organic, ko kuma zai iya tabbatar da amfanin amfanin su ko naman ba a yi masa magani da sinadarai ba, zai fi kyau.Amma babu wata hanyar da za a tabbatar da takamaiman abinci ba tare da ƙarin mahadi ba.

Abu daya da ya kamata a lura da shi shi ne cewa duk abincin da muke ci - da kuma ainihin kwayoyin halittarmu - an yi su ne da sinadarai.Dangane da irin yaren da mutum yayi amfani da shi, waɗannan abubuwa na iya bayyana gaba ɗaya masu haɗari.

Akwai wata kungiya mai suna International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists ko IUPAC, wacce aikinta shi ne ta rude mu.To, abin da suke yi ke nan, amma ba nufinsu ba ne.Maimakon haka, waɗannan mutanen sun amince da tsarin sanya suna na duniya don sinadarai ta yadda harshe ba zai taɓa yin shinge a cikin bincike ba.Amma sai

Abin da ke faruwa da gaske shi ne cewa abu mai lafiya sau da yawa zai zama abin ban tsoro ga waɗanda ba masu sinadarai ba.Idan kuna son kamshin bishiyar pine, kamar yadda nake yi, kuna shakar isomeric tertiary and secondary cyclic terpene alcohols.Sauti mai ban tsoro, amma yana da cikakkiyar lafiya.Haɗin kai ya bambanta da nau'in nau'in, amma idan farar pine ne, kuna jin warin CAS Number 8002-09-3.A cikin nau'i mai mahimmanci, an jera man pine a matsayin maganin kashe qwari da kuma mai tsanani ido.Wasan suna ne kawai, ko da yake.Don Allah, ci gaba da tafiya a cikin dazuzzuka.

Abin da ya dame ni shi ne yadda ake amfani da sunaye.Ko da yake ina cin nama, ya ba ni mamaki ganin wani hoto na kan layi kwanan nan wanda ya yi tir da tushen kayan lambu, abinci mai kama da nama (ko duk abin da masu fafutuka da lauyoyi suka ba ni izinin faɗi) don samun “magunguna masu haɗari” a cikinsu.Tallan ya ambaci baƙin ƙarfe phosphate, “koto mai slug;titanium dioxide, "mai farar fata da ake amfani dashi a fenti;"da sauran abubuwa masu ban tsoro.

To, baƙin ƙarfe phosphate wani abu ne da ke faruwa ta halitta.Hakanan yana da kyau a gare ku, muddin ba ku ci nauyin jikin ku ba.A nan ne slugs ke yin kuskure.Titanium dioxide ba na halitta ba ne, amma ina ba da tabbacin cewa tabbas kun sha fam ɗin sa a yanzu, tunda yana cikin duk kayan yaji, kirim ɗin kofi, alewa,

Paul Hetzler masanin halitta ne, arborist, kuma tsohon malami tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County, NY.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan Amazon.

Tushen bishiya abu ne da zan iya yin aiki da shi sosai.Rashin sana'a ne, rashin kyan gani, rashin da'a, haɗari, kuma yana iya haifar da haɓakar gashin gashi na salon maza da ruwan sama a ƙarshen mako.Topping ba zato ba tsammani, m, mummuna da yucko!Wannan ya kamata a bayyane.Akwai tambayoyi?Oh, ainihin menene topping itace?TsayaMmmph Wannan yafi.Dole ne in goge kumfa daga bakina.

Tushen bishiya, wanda a zahiri ba zai shafi gashin ku ko yanayin ba, shine cire gaɓoɓi da ko kututtuka zuwa tsayin sabani, barin stubs.Akasari da aka fi sani da kai, hat ko tipping, Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya na Arboriculture da sauran ƙwararrun ƙungiyoyin kula da itace ne suka yi Allah wadai da shi.

Topping ba za a rikita batun tare da pollarding, wani al'ada da ya faru a lokacin feudal lokacin da manoma za a iya kashe don sare itatuwan sarki, amma an yarda da su yanka a kowace shekara tsawo tsawo a mayar da callus "ball" don amfani da man fetur da kuma. abinci.Pollarding ba ya aiki a kan kowane nau'in, kuma don samun nasara dole ne a fara farawa lokacin da bishiyar ta kasance ƙarami, kuma a ci gaba kowace shekara.

Komawa zuwa topping.Yana gajarta bishiya, amma baya canza DNA na bishiyar wanda ke ba shi umarni don girma zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikansa.Bayan an lalata tsarin reshe na halitta ta hanyar topping, sabon girma yana fitowa daga haushi.Wadannan harbe-harbe, da ake kira epicormic sprouts, za su zama manyan rassa.Abin baƙin ciki, ko da yaushe suna talauci a haɗe zuwa iyaye itace.

Domin bishiyar tana gaggawar sake samun tsayin da aka umarta ta hanyar halitta, sabbin rassan suna girma da sauri fiye da yadda aka saba.Ka san saurin yin ɓarna, kuma yayin da bishiya ke fitar da waɗannan gaɓoɓin gaɓoɓinsa, ya “manta” don ƙara yawan lignin, wato itacen abin da sandunan ƙarfafa ƙarfe zai zama siminti.Lignin shine kayan da ke ba da ƙarfi ga rassan.Don haka yanzu muna da rassan da suke da rauni fiye da na asali, kuma suna da mummunan rauni har zuwa gangar jikin ko babban itacen reshe.

Amma akwai ƙarin abubuwa biyu.Abu na daya shine rube, wanda ke shiga kowane rauni.Sabbin rassan mu masu rauni ba da daɗewa ba suka sami kansu a manne da kututture mai ruɓe.Yana iya ɗaukar shekaru talatin ko kuma yana iya faruwa a ƙasa da biyar, amma kowane yanke na sama yana girma gaɓoɓin kisa.Daga cikin ƴan tabbatattu masu tamani a rayuwa, uku daga cikinsu su ne “mutuwa,” “haraji,” da kuma “tushen itace yana haifar da haɗari.”

Abu na biyu shine kasafin bishiyar.Itacen da aka yi wa ado da hula dole ne ya fitar da kuɗi daga banki (sitaci daga wurin ajiya) don maye gurbin itace mai ganye a daidai lokacin da yawancin asusun ajiyar banki, sitaci da aka adana a cikin kyallen itace, an sace kuma an bi ta cikin katako. .

Bishiyoyi suna buƙatar tanadi don yin sinadarai masu kariya waɗanda ke ba da kariya daga kwari da lalata, don faɗaɗa tushen tushen, da samar da ganyen kowace shekara.Itacen da aka ɗora ya fi rauni kuma ya fi saurin lalacewa, cuta, da kwari fiye da yadda yake a gabanin “jiyyansa.”Idan ana son gajeriyar itace, yakamata a dasa nau'in ɗan gajeren lokaci.

Yana iya zama kamar na koma baya, amma akwai wata al'ada da ake kira "raguwar kambi" wanda zai iya rage tsayin bishiyoyin katako yayin da suke riƙe da gine-ginen su.Rage kambi yana ɗaukar kyakkyawan horo don yin yadda ya kamata.Yana iya rage tsayin bishiyar da kashi 20-25 cikin ɗari, kuma dole ne a maimaita shi duk bayan shekaru 3-5 kamar yadda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ciyayi ke ɗauka.

Wani al'ada, da ake kira "kambin kambi," yana magance tsoro game da busa itace.Wannan shine dasa rassan a ko'ina a ko'ina cikin rufin don rage juriya na iska.Ana iya ɗaukar matsakaicin 20% na rassan rai.Hakanan, wannan yana ɗaukar fasaha mai girma fiye da topping.

The International Society of Arboriculture, a research and education association of tree-care professionals, advises the public that a tree company which advertises topping should not be hired for any work.Lokaci.A taƙaice, yana da kyau kar a bar su su sa ƙafafu a kan kadarorin ku.Kamfanin da ke son yin saman bishiyoyi ta ma'anar ƙasa da ƙwararru ne, kuma ba shi da yuwuwar fahimtar sauran abubuwan kula da bishiyar, gami da hanyoyin aminci na asali.

Tushen itace abin karɓa ne, duk da haka, ga duk waɗanda ke jin daɗin rigunan hular ƙafa arba'in, da ƙarar abin alhaki.Yanzu akwai wasu tambayoyi?

Paul Hetzler ya kasance ISA-Certified Arborist tun 1996, kuma memba ne na ISA-Ontario, da Society of American Foresters.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan amazon.com

Kowace shekara ina koyar da azuzuwan tantance itacen hunturu da yawa.Ko da yake ana yin su a waje ko da yaya sanyi yake, kimantawar ɗalibai na nuna irin waɗannan azuzuwan suna da daɗi.Nuna wa mahalarta yadda za su gayawa itacen itacen itacen leaf-bereft daga wani abu daya ne, amma bayanin dalilin da ya sa mutum ya damu ya fi wayo.Amsa ɗaya na iya zama, "Yana kan gwaji."Amma akwai dalilai masu amfani da yawa - da ƴan ɓatanci da abubuwan ƙarfafawa masu ban sha'awa - don sanin nau'in itace daga wani a cikin hunturu.

Ta fuskar rayuwa, duk wanda ya samu kansa a ɓata ko makale (ko wanda ke da wuya ya je sansanin) a ƙarshen lokacin sanyi zai iya samun ruwa lafiya ta hanyar shan ruwan lemo.Lokacin da yanayin zafi ya tashi sama da daskarewa da rana da ƙasa da dare, ana samun ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga sukari, mai laushi (ja), da maple azurfa.Maple sap kuma za ta gudana a cikin kaka yayin daskarewa-narkewar yau da kullun.

A farkon bazara kafin ganye ya fito, maple sap-flow ya ƙare, amma birches - fari (takarda), rawaya, baki, launin toka, da kogi - suna samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa Mayu.Kurangar inabi na daji za su ba ku ɗimbin abin sha mara lahani kuma.A cikin kaka da farkon hunturu, sanin shrub dogwoods da viburnums daga honeysuckle na iya ba ku wasu dadi, berries masu cike da makamashi maimakon masu cutarwa.

Idan kun kasance sababbi a rayuwar karkara, za ku iya ɓata lokaci mai yawa cikin sauƙi ba tare da ambaton itacen mai ba a lokacin sanyi, idan kun yanke bunch ɗin basswood kuna tunanin toka ne.Yana da matukar taimako a san cewa a cikin tsunkule, mutum zai iya ƙone ash da ceri, yayin da sauran sabbin katako za su fizge a cikin katako.Bugu da ƙari, za ku iya burge abokan ku ta hanyar raba zagaye na maple mai laushi da hannu ɗaya, sannan ku ba su guntun alkama ko bitternut hickory don gwada sa'ar su.Ba wai na taba yin wani abu makamancin haka da kaina ba.

Bark ba abin dogara bane ga ID.Yana iya ba da ma'ana, amma ba za a amince da shi azaman tushen farko ba.Birch na iya samun baƙar fata, rawaya ko ja, alal misali.Ba duk hickories suna da haushi mai shaggy ba.Cherry da baƙin ƙarfe baƙin ƙarfe suna da dashes a kwance masu launin haske da ake kira lenticels, amma a kan ƙananan itace.Wasu nau'ikan haushi, irin su furrows mai siffar lu'u-lu'u halayen ash, na iya zama babu ya danganta da yanayin wurin da lafiyar bishiya.

Mafi kyawun kayan aikin bincike shine tsari, ma'ana ko rassan suna girma da juna akan reshe, ko kuma suna daban.Yawancin bishiyun maɓalli ne, don haka muna mai da hankali kan savani: maple, ash da dogwood, ko “MAD.”Shrubs da ƙananan bishiyoyi a cikin dangin Caprifolaceae, irin su viburnums, sun bambanta, kuma.Da sauri "MAD Cap" na iya taimaka maka ka lura da wanda ke gaba da wanda ba.

Kamshi alama ce ta gaskiya, amma ga wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan.Twigs na rawaya da baki Birch wari da dandano kamar wintergreen.Kwasfa reshen ceri kuma za ku sami ɓacin almond mai ɗaci.Mai laushi (ja) da maple azurfa suna da irin wannan haushi, amma rassan maple na azurfa suna da daraja idan sun karye.

Dukan karen mu na asali shrubs ne, waɗanda ke barin maple da toka a matsayin su kaɗai na ƙungiyar itacen kishiyar.Kuna tsammanin hakan zai sauƙaƙa abubuwa, amma abubuwan da ke faruwa da bishiyoyi na iya haifar da ruɗani.Kowane reshen toka ko maple na iya rasa “reshen abokin tarayya” a kishiyar wannan reshen.Karyewa, ƙwayoyin cuta, daskarewa lalacewa da sauran abubuwa zasu yi hakan, don haka kar a amince da tsarin reshe gaba ɗaya.

An yi sa'a a gare mu, buds, kamar Vulcans, ba za su iya yin ƙarya ba.Duba dalla-dalla don ganin idan buds suna gaba da juna ko kuma a madadinsu.Girman buds, siffar da jeri zai ba da ƙarin alamu.

Beech yana da dogayen furanni masu kama da lace.Balsam-poplas suna da m, ƙanshi mai ƙanshi.Maple ja da azurfa suna da kumbura, jajayen buds.Sugar maple buds suna da launin ruwan kasa da kuma conical, kamar mazugi na sukari.Itacen itacen oak yana da gungu na toho a ƙarshen kowane reshe.Baƙar fata fari “mara-ganuwa” suna ɓoye a ƙarƙashin haushi.

A cikin kowace toho akwai ganyen amfrayo (da/ko fure).Don kare tuhume-tuhumen su, yawancin bishiyar bishiyar suna da ma'aunin ma'auni waɗanda ke buɗewa a cikin bazara.Basswood buds suna da ma'auni biyu ko uku, wanda ya bambanta da girmansa.Sugar maple buds suna da yawa, ma'auni iri ɗaya.Butternut da hickory buds ba su da ma'auni.Mafi kyawun kayan aikin ID na itace na hunturu shine buds.Ku tuna cewa;yana iya kasancewa akan gwaji.

Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan gano itace, duba littafin Cornell “Sanin Bishiyoyinku,” akwai shi azaman zazzagewa kyauta (http://www.uvstorm.org/Downloads/Know_Your_Trees_Booklet.pdf)

Wani lokaci yakan ji kamar Old Man Winter yana da app-oscillation na zafin jiki wanda ya kunna kafin ya ɓace na mako ɗaya ko biyu, mai yiwuwa zuwa wani wuri mai dumi.Ba ina da'awar yanayin watan Disamba ya kasance mai wahala ba, kawai yanayi ne.Ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya tashi sama da ƙasa, daga laushi zuwa rijiya ƙasa da sifili, kuma ya koma arba'in da biyar a sama a cikin mako guda.Ina duk don karkatar da makircin da ba zato ba tsammani, amma da zarar kun ga tsarin, labarin ya zama mai ban tsoro.

Bayan kowane yanayi na jujjuyawar yanayi, nakan ji mutane suna cewa yana da ruɗani a yi rake ganye wata rana, a fesa dusar ƙanƙara a gaba, sannan sai a yi amfani da tsumma a washegari saboda daskarewar ruwan sama.Idan kuna tunanin yana da ban haushi ga mu mutane, waɗanda ke da alatu na komawa cikin gidajenmu masu dumi, ku yi tunanin yadda dabbobin suke ji.

Ruwan sama mai daskarewa na iya dagula abubuwa ga tsuntsayen mawaƙa mazauna.Kaji ba sa iya raba birch da katkin alder da suka dogara da su don abinci.Nuthatches ba za su iya fitar da tsaba daga Pine da spruce cones waɗanda ke cikin kankara ba.Irin wannan glaze abubuwan al'ada ne na al'ada, ba shakka, amma suna faruwa sau da yawa lokacin da hunturu ya canza tunaninsa kowane 'yan kwanaki.Ƙunƙarar ƙanƙara a saman dusar ƙanƙara na iya yin wuya ga grouses da turkeys, da barewa kuma, don nemo bincike.

A bayyane yake cewa dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi tana hana barewa isa ga ciyayi a ƙasa, baya ga hana motsinsu.Yayin da jakar dusar ƙanƙara ta sami zurfin inci goma sha shida ko fiye, sai cikin su ya ja, da wuya su ɗaga ƙafafunsu sama don ɗaukar mataki.A cikin waɗannan yanayi, barewa za su "yadi sama," suna samun matsuguni a cikin madaidaicin conifer.Ƙarƙashin kogin da ba a taɓa samun dusar ƙanƙara ba a ƙasa saboda ganyen yana hana dusar ƙanƙara.Matsalar ita ce rashin abinci kaɗan ne, kuma wani lokacin yunwa na faruwa a cikin yadudduka na barewa.

A lokacin sanyi mai tsanani, yawancin turkeys ma suna mutuwa da yunwa.Yawanci suna cin abinci ta hanyar tafiya tare da zazzagewa a cikin duff don gano abinci, abin da ba za su iya yi a cikin dusar ƙanƙara mai zurfi ba.Turkawa za su nemi berries da suka rage a kan shrubs da bishiyoyi kamar highbush cranberry, hawthorn, sumac da hackberry, amma waɗannan abincin suna da iyaka.

Amma duk da haka wasu halittu sun dogara da dusar ƙanƙara don tsira.Ƙananan rodents, musamman a cikin daji, suna da kyau a duniya a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara, wanda kuma aka sani da yanayin ƙasa.Suna da aminci daga tsuntsayen ganima, manyan mafarautansu, kuma za su iya samun yalwar iri iri da sauran ciyayi don ciyarwa.Abin baƙin ciki a wasu lokuta wannan ya haɗa da bawon ƙananan kututturen bishiyoyi, abin da ke takaicin masu gonar lambu da masu gida.Koyaya, a wasu sassan Adirondacks, Ba'amurke ko Pine marten suna farautar rodents a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.

Lokacin da fararen kaya suka taru, showshoe hares, tare da girman girman ƙafafu, suna da fa'ida akan mafarauta irin su foxes masu ƙafafu masu daɗi.Amma tare da sake zagayowar daskare-narke, wannan fa'idar ta narke.Kuma wasu nau'ikan suna sanya fararen fata a cikin watannin sanyi.Farin kamanni baya aiki ga ermines da kurege lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya ci gaba da musanya launin bango.

Yanayin hunturu yana shafar rayuwar ruwa, ma.Oxygen yana shiga cikin ruwa ta hanyar saduwa da iska, kuma daga photosynthesis na cikin ruwa.Kankara da dusar ƙanƙara a kan hanyoyin ruwa suna yanke hasken rana ga shuke-shuke, da kuma hulɗar iska zuwa ruwa.

A cewar Bud Ziolkowski na Saranac Lake, tsohon malamin kwalejin Paul Smith wanda ya kware a fannin ilimin kifin kifi, kifaye kadan ne ke mutuwa sakamakon yanayin hunturu a kowace shekara.A cikin lokacin sanyi tare da murfin ƙanƙara mai tsawo, ko da yake, iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa na iya zama lalacewa ta yadda yawancin kifaye na iya shaƙa.Kifi ba shine kawai masu amfani da iskar oxygen a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara ba - ciyayi masu lalacewa a cikin ƙasa ko benthos suna amfani da su fiye da kifin.

Ina fatan cewa Old Man Winter zai dawo ba da daɗewa ba, duk suntanned da farin ciki, kuma ya kashe "App na kankara da wuta" don mu iya ci gaba da lokacin da ya dace.

Ya zuwa yanzu, galibin ‘yan Arewacin Amurka sun ji kalmar “Make America great again,” taken da yakin neman zaben Trump yayi amfani da shi kafin babban zaben Amurka na 2016. Ko ta yaya za a iya fassara wannan magana ko kuma a yi kuskure, yana da kyau cewa tunanin komawa zuwa mafi kyawun lokaci a cikin lokaci ya yi tasiri tare da yawancin Amurkawa.

Ina tsammanin yawancin kudurori na Sabuwar Shekara suna da alaƙa da wannan ra'ayi: Idan muka ci abinci mai kyau, motsa jiki da yawa, daina shan taba, yanke barasa ko abinci mai maiko, muna fatan mu dawo da madaidaicin nauyi ko ƙarfin jiki da muka taɓa samu.Ko da ba mu taɓa samun cikakkiyar siffa ko lafiya marar lahani ba, muna tunanin mafi kyawun kanmu kuma muna son ci gaba zuwa gare ta.Gabaɗaya, wannan kyakkyawan fata ne.

Shigar da al'umma zuwa zamanin da ya shuɗe zai zama da wahala.Dauki Amurka, alal misali.A cikin 1969, ma'aikata sun sami 26% ƙarin kudin shiga fiye da yadda suke yi a yau.Amma akwai tarzomar kabilanci, da koguna da suka kama wuta, suma.A cikin shekarun 1950, tattalin arzikin ya karu da kashi 37%, amma dubban daruruwan yara sun kamu da cutar shan inna.Tabbas iri ɗaya ne a ko'ina - babu wata ƙasa da ta yi zinar gaske idan kun kalli bayan labule.

Koyaya, labarin daban ne tare da mu daidaikun mutane.Ga mutum, dukanmu mun yi zamanin zinariya, kuma yana yiwuwa a dawo da wasu halaye masu tamani.Motsa jiki da abinci mai kyau yana da kyau, amma a ganina babu komai a ciki ba tare da ainihin abubuwan da suka dace ba.

Lokacin da nake da shekaru 28, na ci abinci mai gina jiki, baƙin ƙarfe, ban sha ba kuma ban sha taba ba, ina da juriya na decathlete, da ɗabi'ar aiki wanda zai sa Puritan ya kunyata.Amma da kyar a lokacin gwal.Da yake ina alfahari da waɗannan abubuwa, nakan hukunta mutanen da suka gaza.Na kasa yarda da rashin tsaro da ake nufi da cewa na zayyana tsoro na ga wasu.Na yi niyya da kyau, amma a wasu lokuta na kasance mai girman kai.

Yanzu sau biyu na wannan shekarun, na fara ƙulla hanyar komawa zuwa girma.To, a cikin wannan gaba ɗaya shugabanci.Ee, Zan iya amfani da ƙarin motsa jiki da ƙarancin kayan zaki, amma wannan ba shine ainihin abin da ake mayar da hankali ba.Yaushe na yi girma na gaske?Amsa iri daya ce gare ku.Ga kowa da kowa.

Ko kun yi imani da cewa Allah ya halicce mu a matsayin kamala amma na musamman na siffar Allah, ko kuma mun kasance sakamakon shekaru biliyan huɗu na kyakkyawan tsarin nazarin halittu da ake kira juyin halitta, ko duka biyun, dole ne ku yarda mun zo duniya kyakkyawa darn mai girma. .Ok, tabbas - mun isa ba abin taimako kuma muna buƙatar kulawa.Abin da aka bayar.

Mun tashi daga iyayenmu mata zuwa duniyar Duniya da cikakkiyar ikon karba da ba da soyayya, masu iya da sha'awar koyon abubuwa masu ban mamaki.Mun zo da gagarumin iyawa don tausayawa da tausayi.Kowane jariri yana nunawa tare da iyawa da sha'awar haɗi da dangantaka da mutane.Kowane mutum.Ga jariri, kowa yana karɓa, kamar yadda suke a duniya.

A ranar zuwanmu, mun kasance masu iya ƙaunar kowa, ba tare da la'akari da launin fata, jima'i, ko kuma daga inda ya fito ba.A wannan rana mun kasance cikakke don jin cancantar zama a nan kuma mu ɗauki matsayinmu a duniya.A ranar, abin da ke tsakanin ƙafafunmu bai shafi yadda muke ji game da kanmu ko wasu ba.Haka kuma yanayin fatarmu ko wasu halaye ba su yi ba.Haka aka yi mu.Wannan shine girma.

Allah ko yanayi ya aiko mu a nan cikin cikakkiyar suturar launin fata, tare da cikakkiyar jima'i.Yankin duniya da kabila da aka haife mutum ko dai dama ce, ko kuma daidai ne ga rayuwar mutum, ya danganta da ra'ayin ku.

Idan kun yi imani da Allah, kuna da tabbaci cewa halittar Allah ba ta da aibi.Ko Allah ya yi baƙar fata ko launin ruwan kasa ko launin fata ba shi da mahimmanci.Kun gane cewa dukkansu cikakkiyar kwatancen Ubangiji ne.Duk da haka, tsoron da ba a san shi ba zai iya yaudarar mutane na kowane yanayi don nuna rashin amincin su ga ƙungiyar da suke kallo daban.Abin ƙarfafa ne mu kafa shinge tsakaninmu da “waɗansu.”Hakanan yana haifar da sakamako mara kyau.Amma ga mai imani, yana da haɗari musamman.

Ƙaddamar da cewa wani abu maras muhimmanci kamar launin fata, nakasa ko harshe ya sa mu a sama - ko ma ban da - wani shine bayyana cewa mun fi Allah sani.Wato munyi daidai, kuma Allah yayi kuskure.Babu wani sabo da ya fi muni ko kabari.Ka yi tunani game da shi.

Sakamakon rashin daidaiton kudaden shiga da babu kamarsa a duniya, mutane da yawa suna shan wahala.Aiki ba shine ma'aunin da ya dace ba, yayin da iyalai masu aiki ke ƙara fadawa cikin talauci.Ba abin mamaki ba ne mutane suna tsoro.Abin tsoro shine zai mallake ku idan ba ku yarda ba.Ga gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Za ku iya yin ƙarfin hali kawai idan kun fara jin tsoro.Wannan ba ra'ayina bane;ita ce ma’anar ƙarfin hali: “ikon yin wani abu da ke tsoratar da mutum.”(Oxford)

Ƙaunar kishin ƙasa, wariyar launin fata, tsattsauran ra'ayi da sauran -isms a wannan lokacin abu ne mai fahimta.Bala'i, amma m.Laifin wasu - wasu ƙasashe, al'adu, addinai;Kuna suna shi - don matsalolin mutum yana kawar da tsoro.Tsoro baya gushewa.Yana canzawa zuwa ƙiyayya, wanda ke rage tsoro.Kuma idan abin ƙiyayya ya bar wurin, "tsoron Novocain" zai ƙare, kuma za a buƙaci wani sabon don rage tsoro.

Yana ɗaukar hanji mai yawa don jin tsoron mutum.Idan kun kasance cikin ƙungiyar waɗanda tsarin imaninsu ya haɗa da rashin amincewa, ko ƙiyayya ga wata ƙungiya, yana ɗaukar babban ƙarfin hali don gane wannan imani azaman tsayayyen tushen tsoro.Kadan ne ke da kwallayen da za su yi.Yawancin lokaci mata ne ke jagorantar hanyar fita daga hauka na zargi da ƙin "-isms" da kuma komawa ga ainihin duniya.

Yayin da mutane da yawa ke kwance Akwatin tsoro na Pandora kuma suka gane ba zai kashe su ba - kuma a gaskiya yanzu sun fi jin daɗi fiye da da - wasu za su bi sawu.Yana da sannu a hankali tsari da farko, ba a duk adrenaline-cike kamar nuna ƙiyayya, amma da zarar tsoronka ya fito, ba za ka ƙara buƙatar ɗan gajeren lokaci na Novocain na hukunci da zargi wanda zai gaza maka lokaci bayan lokaci.

Kai, nima ina jin tsoro.Kuna tunanin za ku iya zama jarumi?Ka yarda da tsoronka a kanka.Ji su, ko da yake ba su da daɗi.Ka tuna, an haife ka da girma.Ka isa ga ainihin ainihin kai wanda bai fahimci wani bambanci tsakanin mutane ba kuma yana buɗe don ƙauna daga gareshi da kowa.Ci gaba.Ka sake mayar da kanka mai girma.

Da yawa daga cikinmu mun fito daga wani kantin sayar da kaya ko shagali (wasan kide-kide musamman, saboda wasu dalilai) don gano motarmu da alama ba ta da kyau kuma ta tafi a cikin tekun da ke ajiye motoci.“Rasa” motar da mutum yayi fakin matsala ce ta gama gari wanda yanzu akwai manhajojin da za su taimaka wajen haɗa motocin da masu su.Don haka yana iya zama abin mamaki idan aka ji cewa kimiyya ta tabbatar muna da wasu iyawar homing.

Har yanzu ba a fahimci hanyoyin gaba ɗaya ba, amma abu ɗaya da zai iya taimaka wa ɗan adam kewayawa shine ƙarfe a cikin kawunanmu.Haka ne – matsawa, Magneto.Wasu mutanen suna da ƙarfe fiye da na wasu, kuma yawancin mu sun san aƙalla mutum ɗaya da muke zargin yana da tsatsa mai yawa tsakanin kunnuwansu.Gaskiyar ita ce, dukkanmu muna da sel masu wadatar takin da ke cikin cerebellums da tushe na kwakwalwa wanda zai iya taimaka mana mu fuskanci Arewa.

Dabbobi, ba shakka, sun fi mutane kyau a kewayawa mara GPS.Lokacin da muka yi magana game da critters waɗanda za su iya gano hanyarsu da ƙwarewa, mai yiwuwa kurciya ta zo a hankali.Homers suna da ikon da ba a sani ba don gano hanyarsu ta komawa ga masu mallakar su daidai lokacin da aka ɗauke su fiye da mil dubu.Labari na gaskiya: a New Zealand, sabis na Pigeongram ya gudana daga 1898 zuwa 1908, cikakke tare da tambari na musamman.Tattabarai masu gida suma sun kasance masu mahimmanci har zuwa mamayar Normandy lokacin da shiru na rediyo ke da mahimmanci.

An yi nazari sosai kan kewayawar tsuntsaye, amma har yanzu ba a san da yawa ba.Ko da yake tsuntsaye suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don gano hanyarsu a cikin duniyar duniyar, kamar gane alamar ƙasa da yanayin hasken rana, hankali ga filin maganadisu na duniya yana da mahimmanci.Yawancin nau'in tsuntsaye suna ƙaura da dare kawai, don haka alamun ƙasa da matsayi na hasken rana ba zai iya taimakawa ba.

Anyi sa'a a garemu, Duniya wani nau'in maganadisu ne da aka jawo godiyar sa saboda jujjuyawar sa na zahirin ƙarfe.Idan ba katuwar maganadisu ba, da dukkanmu za a soya mu ta hanyar hasken rana.Kwanan nan ya zo da haske cewa dabbobi suna amfani da kwayoyin sunadaran sunadaran da ake kira cryptochrome don fahimtar filin maganadisu na duniya.Wannan ya ƙunshi daidaitawa zuwa tsayin shuɗi mai haske, waɗanda ke tsakanin 400 zuwa

480 nanometers.Abin da ke tattare da wannan gaskiyar shine cewa cryptochromes kawai suna aiki a cikin rana.To, menene game da mujiyoyin dare?

Tsuntsaye, ya bayyana, manyan kawunan ƙarfe ne, suna da (kamar yadda wani mai bincike ya faɗa da kyau) "mai ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe dendrites a cikin rufin dermal na saman baki."Can kuna da shi, bayyananne kamar kararrawa.

An fara gano ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi masu wadata a cikin tantabarai, amma duk nau'in tsuntsaye ana tsammanin suna da su.'Yan ci-rani masu nisa suna buƙatar waɗannan mafi yawa, amma hatta kaji da tsuntsayen da ke zaune an san ana ba su kamfas na ciki.A cikin wata takarda bincike da aka buga a mujallar PLOS One a watan Fabrairun 2012, babban marubuci G. Falkenberg ya rubuta cewa: “Bayananmu sun nuna cewa wannan hadadden tsarin dendritic a cikin baki wani nau’in tsuntsaye ne na kowa, kuma yana iya samar da muhimmin tushen azanci ga juyin halitta na aƙalla wasu nau'ikan halayen jagorar filin maganadisu."

Karfe mai nauyi ba na tsuntsaye kawai ba ne.Bacteria, slugs, amphibians and loads more species are unconscious collectors of iron as well.Wani bincike da aka buga kwanan nan kan martanin ɗan adam ga filayen maganadisu ya gano yawancin batutuwa sun mayar da martani ga filayen maganadisu da aka samar da lab.Kamar yadda aka gani akan sikanin aikin kwakwalwa na ainihin lokaci, batutuwa zasu iya gano lokacin da aka juya polarity a matsayin wani ɓangare na binciken.A cikin fitowar 18 ga Maris, 2019 na mujallar eNeuro, jagorar marubuciya Connie Wang ta rubuta "Mun bayar da rahoto a nan mai ƙarfi, takamaiman martanin kwakwalwar ɗan adam game da jujjuyawar yanayin muhalli na filayen maganadisu mai ƙarfi.Ferromagnetism… yana ba da tushe don fara binciken halayyar ɗan adam magnetoreception.

Abin da ya dauki hankalina shi ne wani sabon nazari daga Koriya ta Kudu.A cikin wata takarda da aka buga a cikin PLOS One a cikin Afrilu 2019, Kwon-Seok Chae et al.An gano cewa, ko da a rufe ido da matosai na kunne, mazan da suka yi azumin yini gaba ɗaya kamar suna karkatar da kansu ta hanyar da suke da alaƙa da abinci.Cewa zan iya yarda.

Paul Hetzler ya so ya zama bear a lokacin da ya girma, amma ya kasa cin nasara.Bayan ya gama jin tausayin kansa game da wannan abin takaici, yanzu ya rubuta game da yanayi.Ciki har da bears, sau ɗaya a lokaci guda.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan amazon.com

Bishiyoyi masu ɗorewa, wuraren ice-cream na gefen tafkin, da marinas duk suna rufe kowace kaka saboda wannan dalili: yayin da hasken rana ke raguwa kuma sanyi yana shiga, kayansu suna raguwa kuma ba su da fa'ida.A wani lokaci yana da ma'ana don lalata ƙyanƙyashe har zuwa bazara mai zuwa.

Wasu wuraren riƙewa na kasuwanci sun daɗe suna buɗewa;watakila suna da fa'idar farashi wasu ba su yi ba, ko kuma suna da ƙarancin gasa.Kadan su ne akasin haka, shagon rufewa a farkon alamar faɗuwa.Waɗancan su ne ƙila ayyukan da da kyar suke yi a tsayin lokacin rani.Ina maganar bishiyoyi a nan, ba shakka.Bishiyoyin da ganyen su ke nuna launin gaban takwarorinsu iri-iri na yin haka ne saboda da kyar suke karyewa.

Kamfanonin sukari masu amfani da hasken rana da muke kira bishiyoyi suna da kyakkyawan tanadi, kuma suna da hankali wajen lissafinsu.A ka'ida ba sa rayuwa fiye da yadda suke da ita.Ban da hasken rana, suna buƙatar carbon dioxide, isasshen ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki, kuma tushensu yana buƙatar numfashi cikin sauƙi.Batu na ƙarshe yana da mahimmanci.

- kuma yana saka hannun jari a cikin tsarin hasken rana, wanda aka sani da ganye.Bayan biyan kuɗin sayan ganyen sa na shekara-shekara, farashinsa ya haɗa da numfashi na dare, da kuma kulawa da ake buƙata kamar haɗar mahadin ƙwayoyin cuta don amsa rauni.Abinda yake samu shine sukari;asusun ajiyarsa, starches.

Yayin da lokacin rani ke raguwa, tsawon dare yana haifar da farashi (numfashi), yayin da gajerun kwanaki ke haifar da samun kudin shiga, a ƙarshe tilasta bishiyoyin katako kusa da kakar.Duk da haka, idan tushen tushen bishiyar ya taru, saiwar numfashi yana da matsala, kuma saiwoyin ba zai iya yin aikinsu ba.Masana'antar sukarinta za ta yi ƙasa da inganci idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikanta, kuma ba ta da fa'ida gabaɗaya.Ƙasar da ke ɗauke da gishiri mai narkewa, da lalacewar injina kuma za su lalata aikin tushen.

Yadi da bishiyoyin titi suna fuskantar yanayin zafin ƙasa sosai, ƙayyadaddun wuraren tushe, da tsananin gasa daga lawns.Bishiyoyin da ke da gidajen da ke bakin ruwa suna da wasu ƙalubale: sauye-sauyen matakan ruwa suna harajin tsarin tushensu, kuma ƙasan suna da ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki.Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi za su kai ga raguwa-ko da wuri a baya fiye da bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi, kuma za su fara launi.

Launi na farko shine alamar abin dogara na damuwa na itace, amma palette yana ba da bayanai kuma.Mun san cewa orange (carotenes) da rawaya (xanthophylls) sun riga sun kasance a cikin ganyayen, wanda aka rufe da chlorophyll kore.Bishiyoyi sun fara yin wani fili mai kakin zuma don toshe ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki ga ganyensu, daidai da lokacin sanyi a sansanin - yana kare aikin famfo.Kamar yadda aka shake ganye, chlorophyll ya mutu, yana bayyana rawaya da orange.

Yanayin ja-purple (anthocyanins), ko da yake, labari ne daban.Ana kera launin ja a cikin bazara ta wasu nau'ikan, musamman maple, akan farashi mai mahimmanci.Har yanzu kimiyya ba ta fitar da cikakken bayani mai ma'ana kan hakan ba.Batun game da ja shine cewa maple yana nuna da yawa

yana da isasshen lafiya don "sharar gida" makamashi yin anthocyanins.A bara a cikin kwarin Ottawa da kuma bayan, maple sugar sun kasance rawaya kawai, karo na farko a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar rayuwa da ta faru.Maple masu laushi (ja) suna da ja mai yawa, amma taswirorin taswira ba su da shi.Wannan nuni ne cewa a matsayinsu na nau'in suna fuskantar babban damuwa na yau da kullun.

Idan daya daga cikin bishiyoyin yadi yana da ganyaye masu juya launi kuma suna faduwa da wuri, za ku iya tabbata yana raguwa, kuma yana da kyau a dauki hayar ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru don kimanta shi.Idan ice cream na ƙasar da kuka fi so ya tsaya da wuri, hakan na iya haifar da matsala ga masu su, amma suna iya gajiya kawai.

Offhand Ba zan iya tunanin abubuwa da yawa da zan ce ba don kare hassada, kwaɗayi, da ɓacin rai, amma rashi ya bambanta.Rayuwar wasu halittu ta dogara ne akan barci har tsawon rabin shekara, lamarin da na yi ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa ga yarana matasa a banza.Dabarun tsira na jemagu, woodchucks da sauran dabbobi sun haɗa da dogon lokacin rashi.Abin ban mamaki, sloths ba sa yin hibernate.

Idan aka bayyana rashin kwanciyar hankali a matsayin lokacin rashin aiki kuma an saukar da metabolism a cikin dabbobi masu jinni (endotherms) a cikin hunturu, to yawancin mu a cikin latitudes na arewa muna yin hakan.Tabbas, akwai ƙari fiye da haka.Ya bayyana cewa a tsakanin masanan halittu, ainihin ma'anar shine batun muhawara har zuwa shekaru biyu da suka gabata.

Ya kasance kalmar da aka keɓe don masu hibernators masu “zurfi” waɗanda ainihin yanayin zafi da bugun zuciya suna raguwa zuwa ɗan ƙaramin juzu'i na ƙimar lokacin rani.Kyakkyawan misali zai kasance wasu rodents na Arctic waɗanda suka ɗan yi ƙasa da digiri 0 Celsius ko Fahrenheit 32.Yanzu ana amfani da ita ga kowace dabba da za ta iya rage zafin jiki da kuzari sosai.Rage metabolism na mutum yana jin kamar oxymoron, amma kada mu koma ga kiran suna.

Dabbobi masu jin sanyi ko ectotherms kamar kwadi da macizai suma suna barci a cikin hunturu.Asali iri daya ne da rashin bacci, sai dai masu ilimin halitta suna kiransa brumation.Wannan saboda jargon yana sa masu sha'awar ilimin kimiyya su ji daɗi, don haka don Allah a yi musu dariya (mu) don su ci gaba da aikinsu.

Tare da ectotherms, za ku iya cewa hibernation yana faruwa;ba sa “yi” shi.Ko da ba sa buƙatar yin aiki da shi kamar yadda dabbobi masu shayarwa suke yi, har yanzu ƙarfinsu yana da ban sha'awa.Wasu kwadi, kunkuru da kifaye na iya juyewa a cikin laka da gaske babu iskar oxygen, kuma ba su da muni ga lalacewa da ke zuwa lokacin bazara.

Yawancin masu hibernators suna canza jadawalin su daidai da yanayin: idan ya kasance mai laushi zuwa Nuwamba, baƙar fata bears da chipmunks suna girma daga baya fiye da yadda aka saba.Amma wasu dabbobi, waɗanda aka sani da masu hibernators na wajibi, doze

kashe bisa ga kalanda.Ko da ka ɗauki bushiya na Turai zuwa Aruba don lokacin sanyi, zai tafi narcoleptic a daidai lokacin da abokansa suka koma cikin tsaunukan Scotland.

Har zuwa kwanan nan, bears ba su sanya jerin masu hibernator ba, amma yanzu an cushe su tare da waɗancan squirrels popsi-squirrels na ƙasa a cikin daskararru-mammals na hunturu Arctic.Bears a arewa mai nisa ba zai iya ci ko sha ba har tsawon watanni takwas, ta yin amfani da kitsen da aka adana don samun ruwa da kuzari.Idan ba mu dade ba tsokoki za su shuɗe, amma suna da hanyoyin sarrafa sunadaran don kada tsokoki su shuɗe.

ba haka ake kira ba.A zahiri masanan halittu sun ƙirƙira wata kalma don tsananin rani: ƙiyasin shine

lokacin da ya dace don yanayin zafi mai zafi.Wanene ya aikata wannan?Wasu kwadi da ke zama cikin hamada sun kewaye kansu da “balloon ruwa” don jira bushewar tsafi.Kifin huhu na Afirka suna da irin wannan dabara don lokacin da tafkunansu suka bushe na ɗan lokaci.

Babban abin mamaki shine aƙalla estivator ɗaya ne mai mahimmanci, kamar yadda muke.Dwarf lemur mai kitse na Madagaska yana zama a cikin bishiya mai rarrafe na tsawon rabin shekara har sai zafi ya ƙare.Idan danginmu na kusa zai iya barci, to mu fa?Fina-finan almara na kimiyya sun nuna 'yan sama jannati suna farkawa bayan tafiyar shekaru da yawa, kuma wannan na iya zama wani misali inda abin da ake tunani a yau zai zama na gaske gobe.

NASA ta sanar a cikin 2014 cewa suna neman hanyar da za su sanya ma'aikatan ayyukan sararin samaniya na shekaru da yawa cikin ayyukan da aka dakatar na tsawon watanni uku zuwa shida a lokaci guda.Mai yiwuwa wannan shine don haka Gudanar da Ofishin Jakadancin ba zai zama dole ya saurara ba "har yanzu muna can?"kuka daga bayan jirgin.

Ko da yake labarun rashin kwanciyar hankali na ɗan adam suna da yawa, abubuwan da aka rubuta ba safai ba ne.Wani lokaci wani ya faɗo cikin ƙanƙara kuma yana farfaɗo sa'o'i daga baya ba tare da bayyananniyar lalacewar kwakwalwa ba ko wasu tasiri na dogon lokaci.Hakan na iya faruwa idan zafin jiki ya ragu da sauri, kamar yadda idan ya nutse cikin ruwan kankara.

Idan zafin jiki ya faɗi a hankali, hypothermia yakan haifar, yana ƙarewa a mutuwa idan aka ci gaba.A fili akwai keɓancewa.Wani misali ya faru a shekara ta 2006 sa’ad da wani ɗan tuƙi da ya ji rauni ya shafe makonni uku a cikin sanyi a Dutsen Rokko a yammacin Japan ba tare da abinci ko ruwa ba.Yanayinsa ya faɗi kusan 22 Celsius ko

Masana kimiyya za su ci gaba da yin nazarin rashin bacci don aikace-aikacen sa na likitanci.Amma idan kai ba ɗan sanyi ba ne, kar ka yi riya ta zama mai raɗaɗi, murmushi kawai, ka sani.Jurewa.

Masanin halitta mai dadewa, Paul Hetzler ya kasance ISA-Certified Arborist tun 1996, kuma memba ne na ISA-Ontario, Cibiyar gandun daji ta Kanada, da Societyungiyar Gandun daji na Amurka.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Halittar Duniya," yana samuwa akan amazon.com

Kusan duk wanda ya ga Walt Disney classic "Bambi" ya zubar da hawaye, ko a kalla ya hana sha'awar lacrimate (wato kukan a cikin Scrabble-ese).Ko da na san illar da barewa ke haifarwa ga sake farfado da dazuzzuka, balle amfanin gona, shimfidar wurare da lambuna, da har yanzu ya zama abin rauni a gare ni.

'yar shekara biyar a lokacin da aka kashe mahaifiyar Bambi.(Kash-spoiler alert can, sorry.) Amma ta yaya fim ɗin zai ƙare da dukansu sun rayu cikin farin ciki har abada?

Yaya rayuwa ga waɗancan ƴan ƴan sa'a ne, mai yuwuwa sun fi wayo, barewa masu farar wutsiya waɗanda ke gudanar da gujewa motoci, koyo, ƙwanƙwasa da ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da ƴan shekarun farko na rayuwa?Shin tsohuwar barewa za ta iya iya ƙulla maƙiyinku ga ƙwanƙwasa lokacin da haƙoransa suka shuɗe?Ina tunanin wani Grand-Buck mai shakku yana rik'on cewa gishirin gishiri ya fi kyau lokacin da yake yarinya, kuma yaran da ke da shekaru suna da sauƙin haye hanya a kwanakin nan da motoci suna da birki na kulle.

Gaskiya ko da yake, rayuwa tana yin wahala ta hanyoyi da yawa yayin da kwayoyin halitta suka tsufa.Tambayi duk wanda ya yi ritaya zuwa Florida dalilin da ya sa suka bar arewacin New York kuma za su iya gaya muku lokacin sanyi yana jin dadi har sai cututtukan arthritis da wasu cututtuka daban-daban sun shiga. al'amura kamar mugun haɗin gwiwa, ruɓaɓɓen hakora, ko ciwace-ciwace?

Na sanya tambayar ga Ma'aikatar Kula da Muhalli ta Jihar New York mai ritaya (NYSDEC) Masanin Halittar Dabbobi Ken Kogut, wanda ke zaune a wajen Potsdam.Yayi dariya."Don samun barewa ya mutu da tsufa a cikin daji iskar oxygenmoron ne," in ji shi.Ken ya ci gaba da bayyana cewa ta fuskar farauta, NYSDEC

bayanai sun nuna yawancin barewa da aka girbe suna cikin shekaru 1.5 zuwa 3.5 (saboda an haife su a watan Mayu da Yuni, barewa koyaushe suna cikin rabin shekara ta lokacin farauta)."Don ganin kuɗaɗen ɗan shekara bakwai ko takwas [a tashar binciken NYSDEC] abu ne da ba a saba gani ba."

Don kwatanta wannan batu, yi la’akari da cewa Cibiyar Bincike ta Max Planck don Binciken Alƙaluman Jama’a ta ce matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar fararen wutsiyoyi yana da shekaru 16, tare da tabbatar da cewa barewa mafi tsufa da ke zama ɗan shekara 23 da haihuwa.Kwatanta hakan da farar wutsiyoyi, waɗanda ba su da kyakkyawan rikodin waƙa, don yin magana.Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar barewa?A cewar rahoton Jami'ar Michigan, shekaru biyu.Ee.Goma ana la'akari da ƙayyadaddun shekaru mafi girma, kuma abu ne da ba kasafai ke faruwa a hakan ba.

Ƙayyade girbin farin wutsiyoyi ana kiransa barewa da suka tsufa, kar a ruɗe su da tsufa na iyaye, wanda aiki ne na adadi da matakin ayyukan ’ya’yansu.Ta yaya za mu gano adadin maulidin da barewa ta yi?Likitan hakora.

Farin wutsiyoyi suna da haƙoran canine (abin baƙin ciki wanda, abin baƙin ciki, ya ɓace akan su) da incisors a kan ƙananan muƙamuƙi, amma babu ɗaya a sama.Watau ba za su iya yanke reshen bishiyar yadda zomo zai iya ba, amma dole ne su yaga shi da motsi sama.Amma suna da ƙwanƙwasa na sama da na ƙasa, kuma ana amfani da suturar da aka yi amfani da su don bayyana shekarun barewa.Ko kuma, kamar yadda ake yin wannan gabaɗaya bayan mutuwa.

Barewa da suka tsufa sun fara ne a matsayin wani nau'in aikin ilimin ɗan ƙasa na gida.A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, mafarauta masu lura da gaske waɗanda za su iya gane barewa tun daga shekara zuwa gaba sun lura da lalacewa lokacin da aka girbe shi.Shekaru na dangantaka da sanannun shekarun barewa tare da auna hakora (ya nuna yana da millimita ɗaya a kowace shekara) ya sanya mafarauta kamar manomin kiwo da NYS Big Buck Club wanda ya kafa Bob Estes na Caledonia, NY, masana a cikin tsufa fararen wutsiyoyi.

Baya ga farauta, wani abin da ke rage matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar barewa shi ne kamun kifi da baƙar fata.Abin mamaki, a cikin Adirondacks, na karshen na iya kashe fiye da fawns fiye da coyotes.Predation yana da wuyar ƙididdigewa, ko da yake, kamar yadda coyotes da bears ke cin kowane nau'i na ƙarshe - kashi, gashi da ciki - na duk dabbar da suka kashe ko tarar da wasu dalilai.Domin mafarauta ba sa samun kwanciyar hankali a fili, ba sa cin matattun dawa a gefen titi, wanda aka bar su su lalace.

Rikici tsakanin barewa da abin hawa wani babban al'amari ne, tare da Ma'aikatar Sufuri ta Jihar New York

yana ba da rahoton matsakaicin 65,000 a kowace shekara.Amma yunwa a lokacin sanyi mai tsanani, in ji Kogut, watakila shine abu guda daya da zai iya kashe tsofaffin barewa.Don dalilai daban-daban ciki har da ƙwanƙolin sawa, mai yiyuwa ne su sami ƙarancin kitsen jikin da ke shiga cikin hunturu fiye da ƙaramin barewa.

Da duk wannan kashe-kashe, farar wutsiyoyi suna bacewa?Da kyar.Dokta Peter Smallidge, mai kula da gandun daji na jihar

barewa a kowace murabba'in mil biyu.A yau akwai kusan miliyan guda, wanda ya isa ya lalata ikon dazuzzuka da yawa na yin girma, yayin da barewa ke cinye kananan bishiyoyi yayin da suke tsiro.

Cutar sankarau kuma sakamakon yawan barewa ne.Masanin namun daji na Cornell Extension Dokta Paul Curtis ya yi imanin cewa idan yawan barewa ya ragu kasa da shida a kowace murabba'in mil, wanda har yanzu ya fi yawan tarihin tarihi, to, kaska na barewa, wanda ke yada cutar Lyme, zai zama da wuya ya zama barazanar lafiyar jama'a. .

Me zai iya sa yawan barewa su ragu haka?Ban sani ba, amma tabbas ba zai tsufa ba.

Kamar tsarin siyasa, cranberries na iya barin ɗanɗano mai tsami a cikin bakinka.Amma ba kamar siyasa ba, wanda ɗanɗanonsa mai ɗaci ya yanke ta kowane adadin kayan zaki, daɗin ɗanɗanon cranberries yana haɓaka da ɗan sukari kaɗan.

A ce sabon cranberry yana da tsami kamar cewa Picasso da Monet su ne masu zane-zane masu kyau.A gaskiya ma yana iya samun ƙarancin pH fiye da acid na ciki.Kusan abin mamaki ne mutane suka fara cin su, ko?

Cranberry, wanda ke da alaƙa da blueberry, asalinsa ne zuwa manyan latitudes na arewacin ko'ina a duniya.Ita ce kurangar inabi mai kore koraye, ko kuma wani lokacin ƙaramin shrub ne.Sunan ya samo asali ne daga furannin furanninsa, waɗanda suke jujjuyawa ko ja da baya sosai, suna sa furannin ruwan hoda ya yi kama da (ga wasu) kai da lissafin crane.Nau'in Arewacin Amurka shine Vaccinium macrocarpon, kuma anyi sa'a a gare mu yana da manyan berries fiye da nau'in a arewacin Turai da sauran wurare.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa shrub ɗin da aka fi sani da highbush cranberry ƙwanƙwasa ce kuma ba ta da alaƙa da kayan da muke ci tare da abincin hutunmu.Irin wannan rudani a kusa da sunayen gama gari yana faruwa da yawa.A cikin duniyar shuka babu dokokin haƙƙin mallaka, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa masu shuka shuki masu kaifin hankali kamar naku da gaske suna kama da waɗannan sunaye na Latin.

Tabbas mun san cewa ’yan asalin ƙasar Amirka sun yi amfani da cranberries, kuma sun gabatar da su ga baƙi na farko na Turai.Bayanan farko daga ƙarshen 1500s ya bayyana yadda wasu Algonquins suka kawo kofuna masu cike da cranberries ga sabbin mahajjata da suka zo bakin teku.Ina tunanin cewa sai dai idan akwai ɗan sukarin maple a cikin berries, ƙila abin da suke yi na nufin hana baƙin haure daga zama.

Masu mulkin mallaka sun yi haskawa ga ƴan jajayen ƙwallo a wasu lokuta da ake kira moss berries ko bear berries, kuma a cikin 1820s wasu manoma sun fara fitar da wannan sabon amfanin gona zuwa Turai.Girman su bazai yi kama da kuke tsammani ba, kodayake - hotunan cranberries da ke iyo akan abin da ya zama tafkin yana ba da ra'ayi mara kyau.

Ana samun cranberries na daji sau da yawa a cikin wuraren da aka rigaya kamar bogi, amma ana shuka berries a kan filayen da aka sarrafa a hankali.Wadannan filaye masu yashi, masu matakin Laser da ban ruwa mai yawa, suna kewaye da berayen don haka za a iya cika filayen da ruwa inci shida zuwa takwas domin girbi cikin sauki.Saboda berries da aka tattara ta wannan hanya suna da ɗan gajeren rayuwa, gabaɗaya suna daskarewa, gwangwani ko kuma sarrafa su nan da nan.Cranberries don sabo abinci yawanci ana ɗauka da hannu a busassun filayen.

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, an yi amfani da cranberries don ƙarin fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da yawa da kuma dandano.An dade da sanin cewa suna da yawa a cikin Vitamin C da E, pantothenic acid, da manganese, jan karfe da sauran ma'adanai.Amma abubuwan da suke da shi na antioxidant ne ya sa mutane farin ciki.

Idan ka ga "oligomeric proanthocyanidins" da aka jera a kan mashaya alewa ba za ka saya ba.Amma waɗannan da sauran mahadi na halitta suna da yawa a cikin cranberries, kuma duk da sunaye masu ban tsoro suna da kyau a gare ku.Ana ci gaba da nazarin Cranberries don samun fa'ida a cikin kula da ciwon sukari, arthritis, kansa da sauran cututtuka.

Bincike ya nuna ruwan 'ya'yan itacen cranberry - abubuwa masu kyau, ba ruwan wannabe na masara da aka yi da shi ba - na iya taimakawa wajen hana duwatsun koda na tushen calcium.Matsakaici a cikin komai, kamar yadda ya yi yawa (ruwan 'ya'yan itacen cranberry, ba daidaitawa ba) na iya haifar da duwatsun mafitsara na tushen oxalic acid.

Nazarin kuma ya nuna ruwan 'ya'yan itacen cranberry yana hana wasu ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa su manne mana.Ya zama kamar Teflon a gare su.Duk da yake ba a sami ruwan 'ya'yan itacen cranberry mai tasiri don magance cututtuka na urinary fili ba, yana da kyau a hana su ta hanyar dakatar da kwayoyin cutar coliform daga mannewa wuraren da ba su cikin su.Labari mai daɗi ga haƙoran ku, kuma: cranberries suna taimakawa kiyaye lalata ƙwayoyin cuta daga ƙyalli zuwa enamel, don haka rage plaque na hakori da cavities.

Kuma yayin da na'urar yakin neman zaben 2020 ke dumama za ku ji dadin jin cewa cranberries kuma na taimakawa wajen hana kwayoyin cutar ulcer daga mamayar jikin mutum da kuma kafa gyambon ciki.Bugu da ƙari kuma, amfanin su na zuciya da jijiyoyin jini sun haɗa da rage "mummunan" matakan LDL cholesterol na jini da haɓaka waɗanda ke da kyau HDL cholesterol.Don haka idan kun kasance mai junkie labarai, kiyaye cranberries kusa da hannu yayin labarai.

Girma, al'adun Godiya na danginmu sun daidaita sosai.Da farko mun ci abinci da yawa, amma bayan cin abinci ni da ’yan’uwana biyu mun yi motsa jiki mai ƙarfi na minti talatin ko makamancin haka.Yawanci tsawon lokacin da aka ɗauka ke nan ana fafatawa a kan abin da yara maza biyu za su iya karya kashin fatar turkey.Tabbas wani lokacin yakan ci tura idan wanda aka yi rashin nasara ya yi kuka mai karfi har ya kai su ga matsayin kungiyar ja da baya.Bayan taron, ƙarin "motsa jiki" na iya faruwa idan akwai ra'ayi mai ƙarfi game da daidaiton wasan.An yi sa’a, karye kashi ya kasance kawai ga dafaffen kaji, kuma mu ’yan’uwa mun kasance da kwanciyar hankali.

Furcula mai siffar Y, ko kashin fata kamar yadda mutane na al'ada ke kiransa, ya keɓanta ga tsuntsaye, kuma ya karya shi don sanin wanda ya fi girma daga cikin rabi biyu - don haka fata ko sa'a - ya koma shekaru dubu kaɗan.An ba da rahoton cewa akwai hanyoyi masu dabara don yin tasiri ga waɗanda ke samun mafi kyawun rabin, amma waɗannan ba mu san su ba tun muna yara.

Ko da al'adar godiyarku ba ta haɗa da karya kashin fata ba, duk mun ga bishiyoyi suna yin cokali mai yatsa ta irin wannan hanya.Ba kamar kashin fata na ainihi ba, duk da haka, babu wani sakamako na sa'a ga kowa a cikin irin wannan yanayi, domin itatuwan da suka rabu biyu mai tushe ko kututtuka kamar babban akwati Y suna da karewa.Matsakaicin kusurwar da kututturan biyu ke rarraba, mafi raunin ƙungiyar shine, amma damar rarrabuwa koyaushe yana ƙaruwa da shekaru.

Zuwa wani ɗan lokaci, haɓakar kututturewa da yawa shine kwayoyin halitta.A cikin gandun daji, bishiyoyi masu ƙarancin tsari suna rarrabu yayin abubuwan da ke ɗauke da iska ko ƙanƙara.Hanya ce ta dabi'a ta tsinke bishiyoyi tare da mafi kyawun kwayoyin halitta (ko sa'a, wani lokacin) don rayuwa tsawon rai da shuka dazuzzukan gaba.Wannan tsarin zaɓin yana da kyau ga gandun daji, amma ba ga bishiyoyin da ke girma a cikin yadudduka, tituna da wuraren shakatawa ba.

Mu ne ƙarfin "zaɓin da ba na ɗabi'a" wanda ke da alhakin zabar itatuwan da za a dasa, da kuma inda.Yana ɗaukar ƙoƙari mai yawa, kuɗi da lokaci don samun itacen inuwa ya kai ga balaga, kuma muna so mu kiyaye su muddin zai yiwu.

Duk itatuwan suna da nakasu, mafi yawansu ba su da kyau.Amma wasu na iya zama haɗari.Don guje wa karyewar manyan gaɓoɓi, da alaƙar shari'ar tashi da tarkace, galibi ana cire bishiyoyin da ke da lahani a zahiri.Tun da yawancin matsalolin bishiya sakamakon ayyukanmu ne, da wuya a yi adalci mu aika da babbar bishiyar inuwa zuwa wannan babban kurmin daji a sararin sama idan za mu iya samun madadin.

Wani wuri dole ne a sami ɗan ƙaramin gari mai kyan gani mai suna Narrow Forks.Inda bishiyoyi suka damu, wannan shine sunan matsalar da ke faruwa lokacin da kusurwar haɗin kai tsakanin kututturan biyu masu fafatawa (codominant) ya yi girma, maimakon kyakkyawa.Abubuwan da aka makala mafi ƙarfi suna buɗe kuma suna kusa da U-dimbin yawa.Ƙunƙarar cokali mai yatsu ko ƙungiyoyi suna yin rauni da tsufa kuma a ƙarshe sun gaza.Babban, sau da yawa bala'i, rarrabuwa yana faruwa a lokacin guguwar kankara, microbursts da sauran yanayin tashin hankali.

Lokacin da kuke da manufa mara tsada kamar Fabergé kwai ko wurin wasan yara wanda ke tsakanin bishiyar “kashin buri”, ana buƙatar matakin gyara.Godiya ga Ista ita ce mafi kyawun lokacin da za a yi la'akari da bishiyar ku mai faɗi da fasaha, saboda gine-ginen bishiyar yana da sauƙin gani lokacin da ganyen ya kashe.Itacen da ke da mummunar siffa yana iya buƙatar cire shi, amma sau da yawa, yankan hukunci tare da tsarin kebul ɗin da ya dace na iya ajiye shi.

Dole ne a yi amfani da igiyoyi daidai, saboda tsarin da ba a tsara shi ba ya fi kowa haɗari.Cibiyar Ka'idodin Ka'idodin Ƙasa ta Amurka (ANSI) A300 Ka'idodin Tsarin Tallafawa don igiyar igiya ba misali ba ne na cin zarafi na gwamnati.Akasin haka;rubuce-rubucen masana'antu ne, kuma bisa shekaru da yawa na bincike.ANSI A300 yana tsara ƙayyadaddun bayanai don abubuwa kamar na USB, ƙulli da girman ido, gini, da ƙimar kaya.Yana da mahimmanci cewa wani Certified Arborist wanda ya saba da waɗannan ƙa'idodi ya shigar da tsarin kebul.

Kada ku ji tsoron maple ko itacen oak ɗinku su yi kama da Frankentree, kada ku damu: ingantaccen tsarin kebul ɗin ba shi da kyan gani.Don kaɗan na farashin cirewa, da ɗan ƙaramin ɗan kuɗin cirewar gaggawa tare da gyara lalacewa, yawancin bishiyoyi na iya samun tsawaita hayar rayuwa ta hanyar igiyoyi.Duk da yake ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayi ko da cikakken tsarin na iya gazawa, Ban taɓa ganin tsarin kebul ɗin da aka shigar da kyau ya gaza ba.Na, a daya bangaren, na ga da yawa na gida ko marasa inganci sun yi karo.

Don bayani kan cabling, tuntuɓi Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Arboriculture (ISA) Takaddar Arborist (treesaregood.org tana da aikin bincike-by-ZIP).Lokacin da kuka sami tsokaci daga ƙwararru, tambaye su su nuna muku kwafin ma'aunin cabling ANSI A300, kuma ku dage kan shaidar inshora kai tsaye daga dillalan su.

Lokaci ne da ya dace don yin godiya ga manyan cokali mai yatsu, duka a kan tebur da waje.

Paul Hetzler ya kasance ISA-Certified Arborist tun 1996, kuma memba ne na ISA-Ontario, Cibiyar gandun daji ta Kanada, da Societyungiyar Gandun daji na Amurka.Littafinsa "Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Bishiyoyi da sauran Hilarities na Duniyar Halitta," yana samuwa akan amazon.com.

Har yanzu ba a fahimci hanyoyin gaba ɗaya ba, amma abu ɗaya da zai iya taimaka wa ɗan adam kewayawa shine ƙarfe a cikin kawunanmu.Haka ne – matsawa, Magneto.Wasu mutanen suna da ƙarfe-ƙarfe fiye da wasu, kuma yawancinmu mun san aƙalla mutum ɗaya da muke zargin yana da tsatsa mai yawa tsakanin kunnuwansu.Gaskiyar ita ce, dukkanmu muna da sel masu wadatar takin da ke cikin cerebellums da tushe na kwakwalwa wanda zai iya taimaka mana mu fuskanci Arewa.

Tsuntsaye, ya bayyana, manyan kawunan ƙarfe ne, suna da (kamar yadda wani mai bincike ya faɗa da kyau) " dendrites mai ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe a cikin rufin dermal na saman baki."A can kuna da shi, bayyananne kamar kararrawa.

Paul Hetzler ya kasance ISA-Certified Arborist tun 1996, kuma memba ne na Society of American Foresters, da kuma Canadian Institute of Forestry.Littafinsa Shady Character: Plant Vampires, Caterpillar Miyan, Leprechaun Trees da sauran hilarities of the Natural World, ana samunsa akan amazon.com

Yayin da yawancin tsire-tsire sukan amsa ga gajeren kwanakin ƙarshen lokacin rani ta hanyar fara kasuwancin su don kakar wasa, goldenrod shine tsire-tsire na "gajeren rana", irin wanda ake motsa shi don yin fure ta hanyar raguwar hasken rana.Yana da shekara-shekara a cikin dangin aster, kuma yana yaduwa a duk Arewacin Amurka.Nahiyar-fadi, muna da wani abu akan tsari na nau'ikan 130 na goldenrod a cikin halittar Solidago.

A matsayin daya daga cikin mafi yawan furanni na ƙarshen lokacin rani da kaka, wannan furen daji na gida yana ga masu pollinators da yawa, gami da nau'ikan kudan zuma da yawa, tushen tushen nectar da kuma pollen mai gina jiki.Abin baƙin ciki shine, wannan abu na ƙarshe ya ba Goldenrod ido baƙar fata a tsakanin yawancin masu fama da rashin lafiyan.

Furen furanni masu launin rawaya na Goldenrod suna cikin cikakken gani a gefen titina da cikin makiyaya da wuraren kiwo a daidai lokacin da daya daga cikin fitattun igiyoyin zazzabin cizon sauro ya fara shiga. , atishawa, da zullumi mai cike da histamine wanda wasu mutane ke fuskanta a wannan lokaci na shekara.Amma ya juya cewa pollen goldenrod ba shi da wani laifi daga duk zargin.

Goldenrod ba zai iya zama mai laifi ba saboda pollensa yana da nauyi.Wato ɗan'uwan ɗan'uwa, ina tsammanin, tunda yana da haske sosai cewa ƙudan zuma suna iya ɗaukar nauyinsa.Amma a cikin yankin pollen yana da nauyin ton - kuma yana da ɗanko sosai - kuma baya yin nisa da shuka.Ba wai pollen goldenrod ba zai iya haifar da amsa rashin lafiyan ba, kawai don yin haka, dole ne mutum ya manne shi a zahiri a cikin hanci ya shaka shi.

Ba wai kawai goldrod ba shi da laifin harin rashin lafiyan, an yi amfani da shi azaman madadin tushen roba.Goldenrod ya burge Henry Ford, kuma an ba da rahoton cewa ya samar da wasu tayoyin da aka yi daga shuka.An sake farfado da sha'awar goldenrod a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu.Hakanan ana amfani da Goldenrod a cikin magungunan ganye don taimakawa wajen magance duwatsun koda, ciwon makogwaro da ciwon hakori.

To, wane ne ke da alhakin karu a cikin marigayi rani allergies?Mai laifin dan uwan goldenrod ne, ragweed, ko da yake ba ya nuna hali kwata-kwata kamar danginsa na zinariya.Ina tsammanin dukkanmu muna da dangi ko biyu kamar ragweed a cikin danginmu.Ragweed, wani tsiro na asali, shima yana cikin dangin aster.Amma sabanin goldenrod yana fitar da nau'ikan pollen masu haske sosai.

Yana da haske sosai cewa pollen ragweed na iya zama iska na kwanaki da yawa.A gaskiya ma, an sami adadi mai yawa a cikin iska har zuwa mil 400 zuwa teku.Kuma shukar ragweed guda ɗaya na iya samar da hatsin pollen biliyan don yawo akan iska ya sa ku yin atishawa.Ee, abin da ke damun ku ke nan.

Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ba mu yi zargin ragweed ba shine cewa furanninsa ba su da kullun kuma ba su yi kama da fure ba.Kamar dai suna ƙoƙarin kada su jawo hankali, zama a ƙarƙashin radar kuma suna barin goldenrod ya ɗauki rap.Dalilin ragweed yana da sauƙi a manta da shi shine cewa yana da iska mai iska, sabili da haka ba shi da buƙatar yin tallata tare da launuka masu haske da mai dadi mai dadi don jawo hankalin masu pollinators.Tsire-tsire masu gurbatar iska sun gano yana da sauƙin jawo iska fiye da ƙudan zuma, amma abin da ke ƙasa shine suna buƙatar ƙara yawan pollen.

Yawancin nau'in ragweed - akwai kusan 50 daga cikinsu - suna shekara-shekara, amma suna dawowa kowace bazara daga iri iri da suke samarwa a cikin kaka.Ragweed zai ci gaba da fitar da allergens har zuwa sanyi na farko, don haka bari mu yi fatan ba zai yi yawa na tsawan lokaci ba a wannan shekara.Kuma don Allah a taimaka don yada kalmar game da goldenrod don kare shi daga duk wani zargi na ƙarya.

A wata tashar iskar gas ta Michigan a shekarar 2015, wani mutum ya yi kokarin kashe daya da wuta sannan ya kona tsibirin famfo, da kyar ya tsira daga rauni.Shekaru biyu kafin wannan, wani mutum a Seattle ya rasa gidansa da wuta yayin da yake ƙoƙarin kashe gizo-gizo da wuta.Kuma an tilasta wa Mazda ta dawo da motocinta 42,000 a shekarar 2014 saboda gizo-gizo na iya toshe wani karamin layukan hushin mai da siliki, wanda zai iya fashe tankin iskar gas tare da haddasa gobara.

Mutane da alama suna da ƙarfi don tsoron gizo-gizo, kuma ana iya binne shi a cikin DNA ɗinmu, ko aƙalla a cikin lambar halittar mu.Babu shakka da zai taimaka wa mutane na farko su yi hattara da gizo-gizo, domin wasu nau'ikan yanayi masu zafi suna da guba.Yi hankali, ƴan tsiraru ne.Amma gizo-gizo na iya zama da wuya a rarrabe.Idan wani abu mai yawa da ƙafafu da idanu ya ɗaga ƙafarmu, yawancin mu za mu fara fara yi mana tambayoyi daga baya.

A duk duniya, an gano kimanin nau'in gizo-gizo 35,000 da kuma sunayensu, ko da yake akwai da yawa da har yanzu ba a gano su ba.Kusan nau'ikan nau'ikan 3,000 suna kiran Arewacin Amurka gida, kuma daga cikinsu, kusan dozin ne kawai masu guba.Jihar New York tana karbar bakuncin nau'in gizo-gizo mai guba guda ɗaya kawai, yayin da Texas ta tattara goma sha ɗaya, kusan duka saitin.Amma sai, suna yin komai a cikin babban hanya ƙasa a can.

Majiyoyin ba su yarda daidai ba, amma a fili muna da kusan nau'in gizo-gizo guda talatin a cikin Daular, tare da goma daga cikin wadanda ake ganin na kowa.Kuna tsammanin cewa a cikin manyan latitudes za a iya keɓe mu daga gizo-gizo masu guba;bayan haka, yawancinsu suna zaune ne a wurare masu zafi.Amma kamar yadda ya faru kadai nau'in damuwa a New York, gwauruwar baƙar fata ta arewa (Latrodectus variolus), tana farin ciki a cikin Adirondack da Arewacin Ƙasa kamar yadda yake a Long Island.

Wani ban sha'awa na gefe game da baƙar fata gwauraye - wanda ake kira saboda an san su da cin namiji bayan jima'i - shine irin wannan hali ba ya zama ruwan dare kamar yadda aka yi tunani a baya.An fara ganin wannan “cin naman jima’i” (ainihin kalmar kimiyya) a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje inda maza suka kasa tserewa.Da alama a cikin daji suna manne wa "mafi kyawun tsaro shine farkon farawa" makarantar tunani, kuma yawancinsu suna tsira.

Tsarin launi ja-da-baki akan mota yana da wasa.A kan gizo-gizo yana da ban tsoro.Munyi sa'a don gane bakar bazawarar arewa ba sai mun juyar da ita ba don neman sifar jajayen hourglass a cikinta.Kamar yadda na gane, cizon da yawa na iya fitowa daga mutanen da ke ƙoƙarin gano ko waccan gizo-gizo baƙar fata ce mai guba ko a'a.Duk da haka dai, jinsin arewa yana da ɗimbin jajayen faci masu haske a bayanta baya ga alamar cikinta.

Ko da yake baƙar fata gwauraye suna da dafin dafin dafi, mai launin ruwan kasa gizo-gizo (Loxosceles reclusa) ya fi haɗari.Cizo daga recluse launin ruwan kasa, yayin da ba kasafai ba, na iya buƙatar sa hannun likita saboda suna iya haifar da mutuwar nama (necrosis) tare da yuwuwar kamuwa da cuta da tabo.A cikin kusan kashi ɗaya cikin ɗari na lokuta, cizon su yana haifar da mutuwa idan dafin ya zama tsari.Yawancin waɗannan yanayi sun haɗa da tsofaffi ko ƙananan yara.

Anan a New York ba mu da gizo-gizo masu launin ruwan kasa, waɗanda ake samun su daga bakin teku zuwa bakin teku amma sun fi mai da hankali a tsakiyar yamma.Yankin su ya tashi daga ƙasashen Gulf har zuwa arewa har zuwa Virginia.A kowace shekara, ko da yake, ƴan kaɗan suna zuwa nan lokacin da suke ajiye kaya ko kayan masu dawowa hutu.Rinjayen launin ruwan rawaya suna da haske kuma suna sheki, kuma ba su da gashi.Suna da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, alamar violin a bayansu, tare da wuyan violin yana nuna baya zuwa cikin ciki.

Akwai gizo-gizo masu tayar da hankali, irin su gizo-gizo hobo mai mamayewa a cikin Pacific Northwest, amma da gaske masu guba suna da ƙarfi.Baƙar fata gwauraye sun gwammace su gudu, don haka ana kiran sunan mai launin ruwan kasa saboda dalili.Abin takaici ne idan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan yana ɓoye a cikin tawul ɗin wanka ko kayan tufafi kuma ya lika a jikin fatar ɗan adam wanda ke haifar da cizo daga waɗannan halittu masu kunya.

Duk da cewa galibin nau’in gizo-gizo ba su ma iya huda fatar mutum, ana zargin gizo-gizo ne idan wani ya tashi da alamar ja a fatarsa.Yawancin lokaci, irin waɗannan alamun suna fitowa daga cizon kwari kamar sauro ko kwaro.

Don yin gaskiya, ko da yake, muna da gizo-gizo na asali wanda zai iya kuma zai ciji, gizo-gizo mai launin rawaya (Cheiracanthium spp.).Na kowa a cikin Arewacin Amirka, suna da fatalwa, rawaya zuwa kore (wani lokacin ruwan hoda ko tan), masu matsakaici masu girma waɗanda ke yin ƙananan gidaje na siliki a cikin ganyayyaki masu nannade, dutsen dutse, kuma lokaci-lokaci a cikin kusurwar daki.

Ko da yake ba shi da haɗari, wannan nau'in yana da dafin dafi mai sauƙi wanda zai iya haifar da kurji, ko a wasu lokuta, ƙananan necrosis na nama.Kimanin shekaru ashirin da biyar da suka wuce daya daga cikinsu ya ciji gefen wuyana (yana cikin kwala na rigata), kuma wani budadden rauni ya dan fi girma fiye da nickel ya samu.Cutar ta juya launin toka mai ban tsoro kuma ta ɗauki asu biyu don ta warke.Dole ne in ƙidaya albarkata, ko da yake.Babu wuta.

Yana da ma'ana cewa itatuwan da ke mutuwa suna da tabo na toho.Yayi kama da mummunan yanayi - ta'aziyya na.Amma itatuwan da suka fi koshin lafiya suna da su, su ma (tabo na ƙarshe, ba jaje ba).Abu ne mai kyau, tunda tabo na toho yana ba da kyakkyawar hanya ta ganye ta bayanan lafiyar bishiyar da ta koma shekaru 5 zuwa 10.

Bayan shukar itace ta sami cikakkiyar ganyen ganye, tana yin tsiro da fulawa na shekara mai zuwa.A cikin kowane tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire akwai tip ɗin harbi mai inchoate, yayin da sassan haifuwa ke cikin furen fure (ba zato ba tsammani, bishiyoyi suna da ɓoye ɓoye na buds na ciyayi, amma babu farewar furen fure idan yanayin daskarewar lokacin bazara).A ƙarshen kowane twig, itacen itace yana yin toho mai girma fiye da matsakaici, shugaba na gaba na ganyensa.Lokacin da toho na ƙarshe ya fara girma a lokacin bazara, yana barin bayan wani ƙugiya na haushi wanda ya shimfiɗa har zuwa rassan.

Za ka iya duba gangar jikin zuwa ga mahaifarsa, kuma yawanci sami aƙalla tabo na toho guda biyar, wani lokaci kaɗan, wani lokacin ƙari.Gilashin karatu ko ruwan tabarau na hannu zai taimaka, saboda tsofaffin tabo ba su da bambanci.Wurin da ke tsakanin kowane tabo ana kiransa kumburi, kuma yana wakiltar girma daga shekara guda.Yana aiki a matsayin mai mulki ga arborists da gandun daji, kuma yana iya zama a gare ku kuma.

Tabbas wannan ya bambanta da nau'ikan nau'ikan, amma mutum zai yi tsammanin ganin inci huɗu zuwa shida na sabon girma kowace shekara don twig ɗin yana samun isasshen hasken rana.Amma duk da haka idan ka ziyarci harabar kwalejin ko kuma ka bi titin ƙauye mai cike da hada-hadar jama'a, za ka gano bishiyoyi da ke da ɗan ƙaramin inci kaɗan tsakanin tabo na ƙarshen.Zai yi kyau a yi la'akari da waɗannan lokuta na ƙarshen bishiyoyi.

Wannan bayanin zai taimaka muku yanke shawara mai kyau game da sarrafa bishiyoyinku mai faɗin ƙasa, daji na sukari, ko katako.Idan kun lura da ƙarancin ci gaba mai kyau, zaku bi da itacen ko tsayawa daban.Wataƙila gwajin ƙasa yana cikin tsari.Idan kuna son datsa irin wannan bishiyar, cire shi kadan kadan, wanda bai wuce kashi biyar na kayan da ke dauke da ganye ba.Idan kuna mamakin yadda masu gandun daji ke tattara samfuran twig daga

Wani ma'auni mai amfani lokacin da ake kimanta ƙananan bishiyoyi wani abu ne da ake kira flare na gangar jikin.Yi nazarin tushen kowane itace.Idan akwai walƙiya bayyananne, haka ya kamata ya kasance.Amma idan kututturen ya yi kama da shingen shinge a saman ƙasa, ruɓar bishiyar ba ta iya yin aiki da ƙuri'a.Wani lokaci matashin itace zai rayu tsawon lokaci don girma sabon (nau'i) tushen tushen inda zasu iya samun iskar oxygen, amma gabaɗaya ba zai bunƙasa yadda zai iya samu ba.

Hakanan zai kasance mai yuwuwar haɓaka tushen girdling, yanayin wanda shine ainihin abin da yake sauti.Waɗannan su ne tushen da suka fara girma a cikin tsari madauwari saboda burlap ɗin yana da wahalar shiga cikin shekara ta farko ko biyu.Yayin da gangar jikin da ke faɗaɗa ta kai ga wannan zoben mutuwa, saiwar sarƙoƙi mai kama da python ta shake gangar jikin.Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da bishiyoyi ke da shekaru 25-35.Layin gefe: koyaushe cire burlashin da zarar bishiyar ta kasance a cikin rami.

Ana iya ganin aikin daurin gindi a kan manyan titunan NYS tsakanin tsakiyar watan Agusta da tsakiyar Satumba.Bishiyoyin da aka dasa DOT na wannan ajin 25-35 sun fara canza launi kafin kewayen bishiyoyi iri ɗaya.Da zarar kun lura da wannan al'amari, za ku ga wannan tasirin a duk inda kuka je a ƙarshen bazara da farkon kaka.

Dalilin shake ko rashin lafiya bishiyoyi sune farkon ganye-zubar da su ya shafi ma'auni.Idan bishiyar tana daɗaɗɗen saiwoyi, masana'anta na sukari ba su da inganci fiye da sauran ire-irenta.Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi sun isa wurin karya-ko da a baya fiye da bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi, don haka suna fara launi.

Yanzu kuna da wasu ƙarin kayan aikin don kimanta lafiyar itace.Ina fatan za su iya taimaka muku kiyaye wasu bishiyoyi daga zama m kafin lokacinsu.

Kowace Nuwamba, masu kallon tauraron suna jin daɗin kallon Leonid meteor shawa (a wannan shekara a kan 17th da 18th), wanda ke da alama irin nau'in voyeuristic, amma ga kowane nasa.Mafarauta suna son Nuwamba, kuma mutane da yawa suna yin godiya a wannan watan.Kuma lokaci ne mai kyau don dasa yawancin bishiyoyi.

Yana da kyau a dasa bishiya daga gandun daji wanda ke da tsarin tushensa (ko dai ball-da-burlap ko akwati-girma) kusan duk lokacin da ƙasa ba ta daskarewa.Amma tono bishiya da motsi a lokacin girma kamar yin tiyata ne ba tare da maganin sa barci ba.Ana iya yin hakan, amma sakamakon ba koyaushe yana da kyau sosai ba.

Da zarar ganyen ya kashe, duk da haka, ana iya motsa bishiyoyi cikin nasara saboda sun yi barci, dormant kasancewar kalmar Faransanci don “barci sosai don ba za ku farka ba ko da wani ya tono ku ta tushen.”Bincike ya nuna cewa kananan bishiyoyi suna farfadowa daga dashe fiye da manyan bishiyoyi, kuma yawanci za su ƙare ba tare da yin su ba.Kuma motsi ƙaramin bishiya ya fi sauƙi a bayanku.

Lokacin da za ku je haƙa itace daga daji ko gefen filin, ku tuna cewa ya kamata ku sami izini daga mai shi.Har ila yau cewa yana da mahimmanci a tono fadi fiye da zurfi.Ko da itacen oak da gyada da ke da manyan taproots, samun tushen tushe mai kyau na gefe yana da mahimmanci fiye da samun duka taproot.Don yin la'akari da wannan gaskiyar, ramin dasa mai kyau ya kamata ya zama nau'in saucer kuma aƙalla sau biyu nisa kamar tushen ball, amma ba zurfi.

Ƙara gobs na kwayoyin halitta zuwa ga cikawa mai yiwuwa ya samo asali ne tun zamanin da, lokacin da mutane sukan kama wani arborist, idan mutum yana da amfani, kuma ya jefa su a cikin rami na shuka.Yiwuwa don mayar da martani ga wannan, mafi yawan arborists a yau suna ba da shawarar kaɗan ko babu ƙarin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa na asali tare da ingantaccen haihuwa.(Tip: ciyayi da ke girma a wurin zai ba da alamar yadda ƙasa take da kyau.)

A cikin yanayin da ƙasa ke da talauci na musamman, duk da haka, kamar a cikin yumbu mai yumɓu, yashi mai tsabta ko a kan hanyoyi, ya kamata a yi rami mai faɗi mai faɗi.Kuna iya maye gurbin har zuwa kashi ɗaya bisa uku na ƙasar da aka tono tare da kwayoyin halitta da/ko wasu gyare-gyare.Komai kyau ko rashin kyau kasar, bai kamata a yi amfani da takin kasuwanci a lokacin shuka ba.

Tushen zai ci gaba da girma muddin ƙasa ta kasance ba a daskare ba, don haka yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye dashen fall daga bushewa.Yin hannun jari ko a'a shine yawanci tambaya ta ƙarshe.Idan saman yana da girma sosai idan aka kwatanta da tushen ball wanda zai iya yin busa, a yi tagumi a hankali, ta amfani da zane ko guntun bututun ciki na keke a kusa da gangar jikin.Cire gunaguni da wuri-wuri ko da yake, saboda motsi yana ƙarfafa ganga mai ƙarfi.Tsarin ciyawa mai inci biyu akan ramin shuka (cire ciyawa daga gangar jikin) ya kammala aikin.

A ranar Asabar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2019, Gundumar Kula da Kasa da Ruwa ta St. Lawrence County ta shirya taron bitar dashen bishiya tare da birnin Ogdensburg.Za a gudanar da taron daga karfe 9 na safe zuwa tsakar rana a Cibiyar Dubisky, 100 Riverside Ave. a Ogdensburg.Yana da kyauta, amma ana buƙatar riga-kafi.Kawai kira (315) 386-3582 don yin rajista ko don ƙarin bayani.

Paul Hetzler ya kasance ISA-Certified Arborist tun 1996, kuma memba ne na Society of American Foresters and the Canadian Institute of Forestry.

Lily, ƴan asali a duniya a wurare masu zafi na arewacin kogin, sun kasance muhimman abubuwan al'adu na shekaru dubu.Dangane da inda kuka tsaya a duniya, suna iya wakiltar tawali'u, tsabta, jima'i marar karewa, rarrabuwar kawuna na Quebec, dukiya, ko lambun ci gaba, don suna amma kaɗan kaɗan.

An ambaci furen a Sabon Alkawari, kamar a cikin Matta 6:26: “Duba furannin jeji: Ba sa aiki, ba sa juwa;Amma duk da haka ina gaya muku, Sulemanu cikin dukan ɗaukakarsa bai yi ado kamar ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ba.”Sakon, kamar yadda na fahimta, shi ne, kada mutum ya bata kuzari yana damuwa yadda ake tufatar da kansa, domin ko lili na daji an yi ado da kyau.

Abin takaici, Arewacin Jihar New York yana da sabon kwaro wanda ya ƙware wajen hana lilies.Lily leaf beetle (LLB) ɗan asalin Asiya da Turai ne mai zafi-ja wanda ke da sha'awar lili na gaskiya, waɗanda ke cikin jinsin Lilium, da kuma ga danginsu fritillaries (LLB ba ya cin lilies na rana).Da farko an gano shi a Jihar NY a cikin 1999 da wasu Ma'aikatan Lambuna na Cornell Master guda biyu a gundumar Clinton, ƙwayar leaf ɗin leaf ta bazu a hankali a duk faɗin jihar NY a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, abin da ya ba masu sha'awar furanni mamaki.

LLB babba yana kewayo daga 6 zuwa 9 mm (1/4 zuwa 3/8 na inci) tsayi, kuma suna da fitattun eriya.Manya, waɗanda suka mamaye ƙasa, suna fara ciyarwa da zarar lilies sun fara bayyana.Suna yin aure, suna yin ƙwai kuma su mutu a farkon kakar wasa, amma ba da daɗewa ba tsutsansu ta fito don yin barna.A kusan 12 mm ko rabin inci lokacin da girmansa ya cika, tsutsa LLB na iya zama rawaya ko lemu, amma ba za ku taɓa saninsa ba saboda suna shafa kwandon su gaba ɗaya don hana mafarauta.Dabarar ce da ke aiki da kyau akan masu lambu, da ɗan kan tsuntsaye.Daga baya a cikin kakar, da larvae pupate da kuma fito fili a matsayin beetles, wanda kuma tafi bayan matalauta lilies.Ya yi muni sosai har wasu masu lambu sun daina kan lili.

Amma a gundumar St. Lawrence, ƴan masu noman lili sun yi nasarar yaƙi da cin nasara.A cikin 2015, Dokta Paul Siskind, masanin kida ta hanyar horarwa da kuma Cornell Master Naturalist, ya so ya sami mafi kyawun feshin kwayoyin halitta don sarrafa wannan kwaro na labari.Ga mamakinsa, Siskind ya gano cewa an yi ɗan bincike kan LLB, kuma babu ko ɗaya kan batunsa na sha'awa.Ya ƙirƙiri wani binciken kwatancen ingancin samfuran halitta na gama gari, sannan kuma an rubuta lambobin dangi na LLB da aka samu akan nau'ikan lili huɗu daban-daban don ganin waɗanda LLB suka fi so.

Takaitaccen labari shine, wani samfurin da ake kira Spinosad, wanda aka yi da sinadarai da wasu kwayoyin cuta ke samarwa, ya ba da iko mai kyau na ƙwanƙwasa leaf lili.Ko da yake ba shi da guba fiye da sauran magungunan kashe qwari, ko da yaushe bi alamun alamar.Man Neem, wanda aka samo daga bishiyar wurare masu zafi, an jera shi a matsayin tasiri a kan tsutsa na LLB, amma Dokta Siskind ya gano cewa kawai samfuran neem waɗanda aka lakafta da "sanyi-mantsa" suna da tasiri.Ya kuma lura cewa LLB ya fi son lilies irin na Asiya kamar 'Orange County', tare da furannin ƙaho kamar 'Sarauniyar Afirka' a matsayi na biyu.Iri-iri na gabas ba su da daɗi, kuma ƙwanƙwasa leaf leaf sun nuna ƙarancin sha'awar giciye ta Gabas x ƙaho kamar 'Conca d'Or.'

Ɗaukar hannu, mara daɗi ko da yake yana da, kuma yana iya samar da ingantaccen kulawar LLB, kuma shine mafi arha kuma mafi aminci zaɓi har zuwa yanzu.Guy Drake na Heuvelton, wanda ya daɗe yana samar da furanni da shrubs, ya yi imanin cewa kuna son doke LLB, kawai dole ne ku “kwana,” a cikin kalmominsa.Guy, wanda ana iya samunsa a Kasuwar Manoma sau biyu a mako, ya gaya mani cewa jajayen ƙwaro ya lalata zaɓensa na lili lokacin da suka fara zuwa wurinsa shekaru da yawa da suka wuce.A shekara mai zuwa ya fara bincikar kwai LLB, tsutsa da manya kowace safiya.Tun daga lokacin, ya kasance kusan ba shi da ƙwaro.

Sirrin, in ji shi, shine a yi ta da hannu da sassafe.Dalilin da ya sa yake da mahimmanci don fita da wuri shine saboda manyan beetles suna da tsarin tsaro na musamman.Da zaran kun matso, sai su sauke shukar, su yi kife da ƙasa, su kwanta.Ko da yake ja a saman, a ƙarƙashin su akwai tan, yana sa su kusan ba za a iya samun su ba.Amma da sanyin safiya, ya ce ba sa motsi, kuma za a iya shiga cikin ruwan sabulu cikin sauki ko kuma a nika su.

A cikin dogon lokaci, sarrafa ilimin halitta na iya rage yawan jama'ar LLB har ya daina zama barazana ga lilies.A cikin 2017, shirin NYS Integrated Pest Management (NYS IPM) a Cornell's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, tare da haɗin gwiwar Cornell Cooperative Extension, ya fitar da nau'ikan ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta guda uku a cikin yankunan Putnam da Albany, da kuma a Long Island.Masu bincike daga NYS IPM sun ce zai kasance a hankali tsari, amma suna da kyakkyawan fata cewa sarrafa LLB na halitta zai faru a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

A halin yanzu, za mu buƙaci taimaka wa lilies su kiyaye kyawawan rigunansu daga amfani da beets leaf lili.Lambu sama, kowa da kowa!

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Mun daɗe muna jiran lokacin rani ya zo a wannan shekara, don haka ba daidai ba ne cewa wasu ciyayi masu fure suna yin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa kuma suna zubar da ganyen su.Dutsen-ash, serviceberry, da hawthorn suma suna fama da wannan cuta.Nan da can wasu ƴan maples da wasu nau'ikan suma suna zubar da ganyayen ganyaye, waɗanda galibi har yanzu kore ne, galibi suna da facin baki ko launin ruwan kasa.Halin na ƙarshe yana da asali daban, amma duka biyun sun samo asali ne a cikin rikodi-rigar yanayin bazara na 2019.

Kwayar cuta ta yau da kullun da ake kira apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) tana shafar bishiyar apple ba shakka, amma kaɗan kaɗan daga cikin dangin fure, gami da ciyawar fure.Venturia inaequalis wani naman gwari ne da ke mamaye ganyayen bishiyoyi da suka fadi a baya;Ana fitar da tururuwa daga tsoffin ganyen don fara wani sabon yanayin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar ruwan sama na bazara.Babu shakka ruwan sama mai yawa yana nufin mafi girma adadin spores a cikin iska da kuma mafi tsanani yanayin cutar.

Alamomin scab scab ƙananan launin ruwan kasa ko zaitun-kore akan ganye da 'ya'yan itace.A lokacin bushewa za a iya yin ɗan lahani, amma a cikin shekaru da yawa yakan haifar da kashe ganye da yawa.Wani lokaci suna nuna ɗan lemu ko rawaya kafin faduwa, ko da yake matattun ganye na iya kasancewa a kan rassan har tsawon lokacin.Apple scab ba kasafai yake kashe bishiyoyi, amma yana raunana su.A cikin gonakin apple apple na kasuwanci yana iya haifar da 'ya'yan itace marasa lahani waɗanda ke da saurin rarrabuwa a buɗe.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauƙi hanyoyin da za a taimaka rage scab apple ita ce rago da lalata ganyen da suka fadi kowace kaka.Fungicides na iya rage alamun bayyanar cututtuka idan an yi amfani da su a farkon bazara lokacin da buds ke buɗewa.Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun samfurori shine potassium bicarbonate, wani fili na kwayoyin halitta.Koyaya, idan kuna da kaguwar fure mai saurin kamuwa da cuta, koyaushe zai zama yaƙin sama, wanda ke ƙara muni cikin lokaci.Hanya mafi kyau don magance wannan matsala ita ce maye gurbin ta da ciyawar da ba ta da cututtuka.A yau akwai kyawawan ciyayi masu sanyi sama da 20 masu jure wa scab apple.Ana iya samun cikakken jeri a http://www.hort.cornell.edu/uhi/outreach/recurbtree/pdfs/~recurbtrees.pdf

Anthracnose kalma ce ta gama gari ga rukunin fungi masu alaƙa waɗanda ke cutar da ganyen tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu yawa da bishiyoyin katako.Kwayoyin cututtuka na musamman ne, don haka anthracnose na goro yana haifar da wata kwayar halitta daban fiye da maple anthracnose, ko da yake alamun sun kasance iri ɗaya.Nemo raunuka masu launin ruwan kasa ko baƙar fata, galibi masu kusurwa, kuma suna daure da jijiyoyin ganye.Kamar yadda yake tare da scab apple, anthracnose yana dogara da yanayin sosai, yana da tsanani sosai a cikin shekaru rigar fiye da bushe.Har ila yau, ba kasafai yake kashe bishiyoyi ba, amma yana raunana su kan lokaci.Wani makamancin haka kuma shi ne cutar ta kan yi sanyi a ganyen da suka kamu da ita a shekarar da ta gabata.

Yana da wuya a sarrafa anthracnose saboda spores na iya yin overwinter a kan reshe da reshe nama.Duk da yake aikace-aikacen fungicides na iya taimakawa, bishiyoyin inuwa sau da yawa suna da girma ga mai gida don isa ga dukkan ganye yadda ya kamata, kuma yana da tsada sosai a sami manyan bishiyoyi da aka fesa da motar albarku.Ganyen da abin ya shafa ya kamata a kwashe sama a lalata su.Bugu da kari, a dauki matakan kara zagayowar iska da kuma shigar hasken rana a kusa da bishiyoyin da abin ya shafa.Yana iya zama dole a fitar da bishiyoyin da aka dasa sosai.

Duk da yake waɗannan rikice-rikicen biyu sun kasance a cikin shekaru aru-aru, yawancin yanayi mai yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya sa su yi wuyar sarrafawa fiye da kowane lokaci.Duk da cewa akwai kayan lambu masu jure wa anthracnose, a iya sanina babu bishiya mai juriya in ban da mangwaro da dogwood, don haka ƙarin nisan shuka da ingantaccen tsafta yana da mahimmanci a yanzu.Amma hanya ta ɗaya don rigakafin ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa ita ce shuka iri kawai masu jure cututtuka waɗanda za su yi farin ciki ko da yanayi ya yi tsanani.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun launukan ganyen falle ya fito ne daga tushe mai tawali'u.Duk da yake mutane da yawa suna la'akari da shi a matsayin ciyawa, wasu ma suna ganin yana da haɗari, staghorn sumac na yau da kullum yana kula da mu zuwa wani haske mai haske, launin ruwan hoda-ja-orange a wannan lokaci na shekara.Sunansa a matsayin ɓarna yana da tushe sosai, saboda yana iya yaduwa ta hanyar tushensa zuwa gonaki da wuraren kiwo, amma sumac ba haɗari ba ne.

Lokacin da nake ƙarami, Baba ya nuna mini ivy mai guba kuma ya yi gargaɗi game da sumac mai guba (saboda wasu dalilai, itacen oak mai guba bai yanke ba).Kamar yadda "Marco" ya kasance tare da "Polo," "guba" ya biyo baya ko dai "ivy" ko "sumac," aƙalla a cikin raina.Da yake jagorantar tafiye-tafiye marasa adadi, na san cewa sauran mutane da yawa kuma sun girma suna daidaita sumac da guba.Staghorn sumac ba kawai lafiya don taɓawa ba, yana da ɗanɗano sosai.

A hankali, sumac guba yana wanzu.Kawai mutane kaɗan ne suka taɓa ganinsa.Idan kun yi, kamar yadda nake da, za ku kasance cikin zurfin idon (akalla) cikin ruwa.Guba sumac tsire-tsire ne mai mahimmanci, yana buƙatar ƙasa mai yawa, kuma sau da yawa ambaliya.Poison sumac abu ne mai fadama, kuma banda gaskiyar cewa yana da ganyen fili kuma shrub ne, yana da ɗan kamanni da sumac da muke gani kowace rana.

Sumac mai guba yana da sako-sako da gunkin berries waɗanda suke yin fari idan sun girma, kuma suna faɗuwa.“Mai kyau” sumac, a gefe guda, yana da gungu-gungu na jajayen berries waɗanda ke alfahari da ɗaukaka kamar fitilar Lady Liberty.Sumac guba yana da ganye masu sheki, santsi masu sheki, kuma ganyensa suna yin rawaya a cikin fall.Sabanin haka, staghorn sumac yana da rassa masu duhu.Ganyensa mai kauri suna juye ja a cikin kaka.

Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan "mai kyau" sumac da yawa, kuma dukkansu suna da jajayen berries iri ɗaya waɗanda aka riƙe a sama.Abubuwan da ke sa apples tangy shine malic acid, kuma an ɗora sumac berries tare da wannan dandano mai narkewa mai daɗi.Don yin “sumac-ade” duk abin da kuke buƙata shine guga filastik mai cike da sumac berry bunches (kada ku tsince su daban-daban), sannan ku cika da ruwan sanyi.Tada 'ya'yan itacen 'yan mintoci kaɗan kuma kuyi ta cikin zane mai tsabta.Wannan yana barin ku da abin sha mai tsami mai tsami, wanda za ku iya ɗanɗana don dandana.

Saboda malic acid yana da ruwa mai narkewa, sumac berries sun rasa wasu (amma ba duka ba) na dandano ta lokacin bazara.Lokaci na gaba da faduwar jajayen sumac mai haske “tuta” ta kama ido, yi la’akari da tsayawa don tattara wasu berries don yin abin sha mai daɗi.Kuma da wuri mafi kyau.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Alamun yanayi sun yawaita cewa faɗuwar ta kusa.Masu launin toka masu launin toka da zazzaɓi suna tara kayan abinci na hunturu, motocin bas na makarantar rawaya sun fito daga bacci, kuma mafi mahimmanci, garken blackbird suna yin ayyukan motsa jiki na iska.Mai yiwuwa akwai wasu nau'ikan wasannin Olympics na jiragen ruwa a wurin zama na hunturu.

Shugabannin Scout, malamai, da ma'aikatan kula da rana ba shakka suna sha'awar cewa geese na Kanada suna gudanar da tsara tsarin jirgin sama mai siffa ta V ba tare da wani juriya ba, korafe-korafe, ko tsarin mulki.Tare da girmamawa ga geese masu ƙaura (da waɗanda ke da alhakin shirya ƙungiyoyin samari), garken dubun dubatar tsuntsayen baƙi suna jujjuyawa da tafiya tare sun fi jan hankali.Ko da yake an dunkule grackles, cowbirds da taurari masu cin zarafi a cikin nau'in blackbird, asalin mu ne blackbird ja mai fuka-fuki (Agelaius phoeniceus) wanda na fi gani a arewacin jihar New York.

Idan aka yi la’akari da cewa tsuntsaye masu jajayen fuka-fukai su ne nau’in tsuntsayen da suka fi yawa a Arewacin Amurka, ta yaya ƙaurarsu sau da yawa ke gujewa saninmu?Bayan haka, garkunan su sun fi girma, ta fuskar lambobi, fiye da na geese.A gaskiya ma, Richard A. Dolbeer na USDA-APHIS Ayyukan namun daji a Denver ya ce garken guda ɗaya zai iya ƙunsar tsuntsaye fiye da miliyan.

Hijira geese na Kanada yana da wuya a rasa.Ko da garken su masu siffar V ba su kama idon ka ba, ƙarar ƙararsu zai sanar da kai abin da ke faruwa, a ce.Amma blackbirds sun fi ƙanƙanta kuma suna ƙaura da farko da daddare, kuma ba su da bututun da geese ke da su, kuma muryoyinsu ba sa ɗauka har zuwa yanzu.Kuma a gaskiya ba su da yawa a arewacin jihar NY kamar yadda suke a tsakiyar Midwest.

Duk blackbirds, ja-fuka-fuki sun haɗa, su ne omnivores.Suna cin ƙwarin kwari irin su tsutsotsin masara, da kuma akan iri iri, hujjojin da ya kamata su sa mu ƙaunace su.Abin takaici a wasu lokuta suna cin hatsi, wanda ke da akasin haka.Bincike ya nuna ba kasafai suke haifar da babbar illa ga amfanin gona ba.

Tare da robins, suna ɗaya daga cikin alamun farkon bazara.Yawancin lokaci ina jin su kafin in gan su;Kiran "oak-a-chee" na maza shine kiɗa ga kunnuwana ta hanyoyi fiye da ɗaya.Kuma facin fuka-fuki na ja da rawaya, ko epaulets, na maza suna maraba da launi a cikin sautin sepia-da-snow waɗanda ke nuna tsakiyar Maris.

Jajayen fuka-fuki sukan yi gida a cikin yankunan da ba a kwance ba a cikin marshes.Na tuna yin kwale-kwale tare da 'yata ƙarama ta cikin kattails, suna lekawa cikin gidaje na jajayen tsuntsu na baki yayin da manya ke shawagi a sama, suna adawa da babbar murya kuma wani lokaci suna nutsewa kusa da kawunanmu.Marshes suna ba da jajayen fuka-fuki wasu kariya daga mafarauta kamar foxes da raccoons, kuma matan, waɗanda suke da launin ruwan kasa, suna haɗuwa da kyau.Hawks, da owls zuwa ƙarami, suna yin tasiri akan blackbirds ko da kuwa inda suke gida, ko da yake.

A cikin fall, blackbirds suna taruwa tare kafin yin ƙaura zuwa wurare a kudancin Amurka.Wannan shine lokacin da suke nuna acrobatics na avian.Wataƙila kun kora tare da manyan garken tsuntsaye na blackbirds kuma kun yi mamakin yadda za su iya canza hanya nan take.

Wata safiya wannan faɗuwar babban adadin jajayen fuka-fuki sun sauka a cikin wata katuwar sikari a cikin yadi na.Na kalli cikin firgici yayin da suke kwararowa daga wannan bishiyar suka sake zubo kansu cikin wani katon maple dake kusa.Sun maimaita wannan wasan kwaikwayon na "avian hourglass" sau da yawa.

Masu bincike sun daɗe suna mamakin motsin garken da aka daidaita.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun sami ɗan ci gaba saboda babban saurin hoto, algorithms da ƙirar kwamfuta.Masu raye-rayen fina-finai sun yi amfani da waɗannan algorithms don nuna motsin kifi da dabbobin kiwo.

A bayyane yake, kowane tsuntsu yana lura da shidansa - babu ƙari, ba kaɗan - maƙwabta mafi kusa, kuma yana daidaita motsinsa tare da su.Komai sau nawa suka juyo ko nutsewa, suna yin tazara iri ɗaya tsakanin su da tsuntsaye shida mafi kusa.

Amma daidai ta yaya tsuntsaye suke kula da nisa a cikin garken, ko sanin lokacin da za su canza hanya?A cikin kalmomin Claudio Carere, ɗan Italiyanci konithologist da ke da hannu sosai a cikin nazarin halayen garken taurari a Roma, "Hanyar yadda yake aiki, babu wanda ya sani."Ina son mai bincike mai gaskiya.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Kamar yadda yawancin masu kiwo suka sani, bishiyoyi da kamun kifi suna da alaƙa da juna.Ba a ma'anar iyali ba, ba shakka.Kuma ba kamar yadda aka yi aure da tumatir da kifi na ɗan lokaci ba a gwaji na 1996 a Oakland, California na tushen Fasahar Tsirrai na DNA a yunƙurin samun tumatir mai jure sanyi (ko wataƙila kifi mai ɗanɗano).Idan ba don murfin bishiya ba, nau'in kifayen ruwan sanyi ba za su rayu ba a yawancin rafukan da suke zaune a yanzu.

Dazuzzuka suna ba mu “ayyukan muhalli” da yawa.Yayin da kalmar ke kama da za ku iya kiran Sabis ɗin Muhalli yayin yin zango da odar ruwan inabi da aka kawo zuwa tantin ku, waɗannan sabis ɗin, ko kyaututtuka, suna daga mafi kyawun (kyawun ƙaya) zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan (darajar dala na yawon shakatawa).

Har ila yau, sun haɗa da abubuwa masu mahimmanci kamar samar da iskar oxygen, da kuma kawar da barbashi na iska.Wani sabis ɗin yana rage tasirin mummunan abubuwan da suka faru na hadari.Rufin dazuzzukan ya datse (wato a ce) ƙarfin da ruwan sama ke afkawa ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ruwa da ke gudana a cikin ƙasa da kuma ƙara shiga cikin ruwan ƙasa.Har ila yau, inuwa mai rufi yana sa jakar dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a hankali, yana rage haɗarin ambaliya.

Ƙasar daji tana da kyau wajen sha da tace ruwan sama domin tushen bishiya yana riƙe da duff Layer a wurin.Tushen kuma yana taimakawa daidaita bankunan rafi.

Ƙayyadaddun kwararowar ƙasa yana hana zaizayar ƙasa kuma yana kiyaye laka daga magudanar ruwa, amma fa'idar ta wuce hakan.Lokacin da ƙarin ruwan sama da narkewar dusar ƙanƙara suka ƙare a matsayin ruwan ƙasa, sabanin gudu zuwa cikin ruwan saman, yana haifar da yanayin zafi mai yawa.Ƙaƙƙarfan alfarwa kuma yana taimaka wa ruwa ya yi sanyi tsawon tafiyarsa.

Wannan yana sa kifi farin ciki saboda suna iya numfashi cikin sauƙi.Ta hanyar bayani, duk wanda ya buɗe abin sha na carbonated ya san cewa gas tabbas zai narke cikin ruwa.Za'a iya buɗe kwalbar seltzer mai daskarewa cikin aminci saboda ruwan sanyi yana riƙe da narkar da iskar gas da kyau.Saka kwalban guda ɗaya a kan dashboard a cikin rana na sa'a daya, kodayake, kuma za ta feshe duk lokacin da kuka fashe saman, saboda iskar gas yana gaggawar fitowa daga mafita.

Ka'ida ɗaya tana riƙe gaskiya ga narkar da iskar oxygen a cikin rafuffuka.Mutane da sauran nau'ikan ƙasa suna da alatu na yawo a cikin yanayi mai wadatar iskar oxygen: kusan kashi 21% na yanayin duniya an yi su ne da wannan muhimmin ƙwayar cuta.Hukumar Tsaro da Lafiya ta Ma'aikata (OSHA) ta bayyana cewa dole ne ma'aikatan ceto su sanya na'urar numfashi mai kamun kai idan wurin ya auna kasa da 19.5%.Wasu mutane suna samun woozy a 19% O2 kuma mutuwa tana faruwa a kusan 6% oxygen.

Mafi girman yiwuwar narkar da iskar oxygen (DO) a cikin ruwa shine sassa 14.6 a kowace miliyan a zazzabi na 0.1 C ko 32.2 F. Don sanya wannan a cikin hangen nesa, mafi kyawun kifin da zai iya fata shine 0.00146% oxygen a cikin ruwa mai sanyi.Gabaɗaya, trout da sauran salmonids suna buƙatar ƙaramin DO na 9 zuwa 10 ppm, amma suna iya rayuwa cikin ɗan ƙaramin ppm 7 a cikin ruwan sanyi fiye da 10 C (50F).Kyawawan qwai sun fi sauri, zama idan DO ya faɗi ƙasa da 9 ppm ko da a cikin ruwan sanyi.

Dazuzzuka suna yin fiye da kiyaye laka daga ciki, da sanyi a ciki, koguna da koguna.Suna ba da gudummawar itace, wanda shine mafi mahimmanci ga hanyoyin ruwa masu lafiya fiye da sauti.Hasali ma, a wasu wuraren da dazuzzukan suka lalace ko kuma aka yanke su, ana biyan masu mallakar filaye don sanya katako a cikin rafuka don inganta wuraren zama.Bishiyoyin da suka faɗo lokaci-lokaci suna toshe hanyar ruwa kuma suna canza tafarkinsa, wanda zai iya zama mai damun halittu na ɗan lokaci da kuma na gida.Amma yawancin gaɓoɓi da kututtukan da ke ƙarewa a cikin rafi suna taimakawa wajen samar da wurin zama don kifi, da kuma abubuwan da suke ci.Wani bangare ko cikakken shingen katako yana aiki azaman mai haƙa ruwa, yana ƙirƙirar wurare masu zurfi, masu sanyi.Yana taimakawa wajen wanke tsakuwa, yana sa ya fi dacewa da dutse, mayfly da caddisfly nymphs (yara).

Duk wanda ya mallaki kadada biyu ko fiye na ƙasa mai itace zai iya taimakawa wajen kiyayewa ko inganta lafiyarsa ta hanyar samun tsarin kula da gandun daji.Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar ɗaukar ɗan gandun daji mai zaman kansa, ko ta Ma'aikatar Kare Muhalli ta Jihar New York (NYSDEC).

Girbin katako na iya dacewa daidai da lafiyar gandun daji, muddin ana gudanar da su daidai da tsarin tafiyar da ku, kuma ƙwararrun gandun daji ne ke kula da su.A gaskiya ma, ba kawai girbin katako mai ɗorewa ya fi kyau ga kifi ba, suna samun ƙarin kudin shiga na mai gida a cikin dogon lokaci.Duk tsawon lokacin, waɗancan gandun daji da aka sarrafa da kyau suna iya kula da waɗancan ayyuka masu mahimmancin yanayin muhalli waɗanda muka dogara da su.Rage isar da ruwan inabi ta gefen tanti ba shakka.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Ɗaya daga cikin mantras don rage sharar gida da ingantaccen makamashi shine taken "Rage, Sake Amfani, Maimaita", wanda ke nuna tsarin fifiko don kiyaye albarkatun: Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da ƙananan abubuwa da farko, amma da zarar kun sami 'em za ku iya. haka kuma sake amfani da su.A ƙarshe, ko da yake, yana da kyau a sake yin fa'ida fiye da ɓarke a cikin rumbun ƙasa.

Ba duk samfuran sun faɗi cikin wannan tsarin ba, kodayake.Da yake zagaye, motar mota ya kamata ta zama ɗan poster don ra'ayin cewa abin da ke faruwa ya kamata ya zagaya sau da yawa.Matsala ɗaya ita ce, kwastomomin da suka fi sha'awar sake amfani da kiyasin tayoyin motoci da manyan motoci miliyan 300 da Amirkawa ke zubarwa a kowace shekara sauro ne.Kuma kasancewar gini mai ɗorewa, mai ɗorewa shine abin da ke bayyana taya mai kyau ya sa sake yin amfani da su ya zama ƙalubale na musamman.

Tun da wuri, an gane cewa tayar da aka jefar ce gonar sauro.Don haka a da an saba samar da matacciyar taya da kabari mara zurfi kuma a kira shi da kyau.Amma a matsakaita, taya da aka binne shine 75% sararin samaniya, don haka idan ba shi da zurfi sosai, ya zama cikakke ga ma'auratan berayen ko Sarauniyar Jaket masu rawaya suna neman gida mai kyau.

Lokacin da aka aika tayoyi zuwa wuraren da ake zubar da ruwa, wani batu shi ne cewa ba za a iya hada su ba, don haka ya batar da sarari da yawa.Ƙari ga haka, sun tashi daga matattu, suna cike da methane, suna murza hanyarsu zuwa ƙasa.

A cikin 2004, Ma'aikatar Kula da Muhalli ta Jihar New York (NYSDEC) ta tattara jerin juji na taya a duk faɗin jihar, wanda ya bayyana wurare 95 na jimillar tayoyi miliyan 29.Tun daga wannan lokacin, an sami ƙarin shafuka, amma jimlar tayoyin suna raguwa sannu a hankali saboda wani gyare-gyaren 2003 ga Dokar Kare Muhalli da ake kira Dokar Gudanar da Taya da Sake yin amfani da ita.Wannan ita ce Dokar da ke buƙatar gareji don cajin ku kuɗi don zubar da taya daidai.

Kafin shekarar 1990, kusan kashi 25% na tayoyin da aka jefar ne kawai aka sake yin amfani da su, amma a kwanakin nan adadin ya haura kusan kashi 80%, wanda ya yi kasa da kashi 95% da aka samu a Turai, amma har yanzu an samu ci gaba sosai.Fiye da rabin tayoyin mu da aka sake sarrafa su ake amfani da su azaman mai, galibi daga masana'antu irin su siminti da injinan karafa.Har ila yau, ana tsinke tayoyi ko ƙasa, kuma ana ƙara daɗaɗɗen robar da aka samu a cikin kwalta ko siminti don gina hanya, wanda ke ba da juriya da halayen girgiza.Don irin waɗannan dalilai, robar da aka yayyafa da ƙasa tana haɗe da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin filayen wasan motsa jiki, kuma ana aiki da ita a wuraren wasan da ke ƙarƙashin swings da tsarin wasan don taimakawa matashin faɗuwa.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sayar da robar ƙasa a matsayin zaɓi na ciyawa don masu shimfidar wurare da masu gida.Wannan ya zama kamar cikakkiyar amfani ga tayoyin da aka sake sarrafa su, amma wasu masu bincike suna tambayar hikimar ciyawa ta roba.A cewar Dokta Linda Chalker-Scott, wata mataimakiyar Farfesa a cibiyar bincike da tsawaitawa ta Puyallup a Jami'ar Jihar Washington, gubar robar na da matukar damuwa, musamman idan ana amfani da ita a kusa da kayan lambu.

A cikin daya daga cikin takardun da ta buga, Dokta Chalker-Scott ta bayyana cewa "Sashe na dabi'ar gubar lechate na roba shine saboda abun ciki na ma'adinai: aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, sulfur. , da zinc… roba yana ƙunshe da manyan matakan zinc - kusan kashi 2% na yawan taya.Yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire… an nuna su suna tara adadin zinc da ba daidai ba a wasu lokuta har mutuwa.

Takardar ta lura cewa baya ga karafa, sinadarai na halitta wadanda “suna dagewa sosai a cikin muhalli kuma suna da guba sosai ga halittun ruwa” suna fitar da robar shredded.Chalker-Scott ya kammala da cewa:

"A bayyane yake a cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya cewa bai kamata a yi amfani da roba a matsayin gyaran fuska ko ciyawa ba.Babu wata tambaya cewa abubuwa masu guba suna fita daga roba yayin da yake raguwa, yana gurɓata ƙasa, tsire-tsire masu faɗi, da kuma tsarin ruwa masu alaƙa.Duk da yake sake amfani da tayoyin sharar gida abu ne mai muhimmanci da za a magance, ba mafita ba ne kawai mu matsar da matsalar zuwa shimfidar wurare da ruwan saman mu."

Lokacin da aka tambaye ni menene mafi kyawun nau'in ciyawa, Ina ba da shawarar gabaɗaya "kyauta."Ciki na filastik na iya zama da amfani don lalata ciyayi masu tauri, kuma tsohuwar murfin bunker-silo sau da yawa kyauta ne don ɗaukar idan kun san mai noman kiwo a yankinku.Amma inda roba ta hadu da hanya, don haka a yi magana, na halitta, kayan da ake amfani da su na tsire-tsire sun fi kyau ciyawa.Suna taimakawa wajen kiyaye ruwa da danne ciyawa, da kuma inganta tsarin ƙasa da haɓaka al'ummar mycorrhizal (amfani da fungi).Suna kuma aiki azaman taki mai saurin sakin jiki.Ana iya samun ruɓaɓɓen guntun itace, balagagge takin, ko ciyawa mara kyau sau da yawa akan kuɗi kaɗan ko babu.Muddin ba za ku yi amfani da ciyawar ciyawa a kan lawn ku ba, za a iya amfani da ciyawar ciyawa a cikin matsakaici (suna da yawa a cikin nitrogen).

Sake yin amfani da shi yana da kyau, amma kiyaye taya daga gonar.Kuna iya taimakawa wajen rage adadin tayoyin da suka mutu a duniya ta hanyar jujjuya tayoyin motarku akai-akai da sanya su a hura su yadda ya kamata, da kuma sanya motarku ta daidaita kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar a cikin littafin mai shi.NYSDEC tana da ƙarin bayani kan tayoyin sharar gida a https://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8792.html

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Yanzu da yanayin ya yi zafi, za mu iya ƙara godiya ga kankara kaɗan.Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ƙanƙara na inganta abubuwan sha na lokacin rani, kuma kankana mai ƙanƙara ya fi na dumi hannu.Kuma a wannan yanki na duniya, ƙanƙara kuma tana ba mu ciyawar daji na musamman.Tare da shimfidar bakin kogi a kudancin Adirondacks, furanni irin na Arctic da ba kasafai suke yin fure ba a yanzu a cikin ɓangarorin ciyayi na ciyayi waɗanda ake girka sosai a kowace shekara ta hanyar ƙanƙara da ruwan narke.

Wanda aka fi sani da makiyayan kankara, waɗannan wuraren ba su da nisa a duniya.Ana samun su kusan kusa da maɓuɓɓugar koguna waɗanda suka samo asali daga ƙasa mai tsaunuka;a Jihar New York wannan ya haɗa da St. Regis, Sacandaga, da Hudson Rivers.A cikin waɗannan wuraren, ƙanƙara na tasowa tare da bankunan zuwa zurfin tsakanin mita uku zuwa biyar kowace hunturu.Babu shakka, irin wannan adadin ƙanƙara zai dagula al'ummar shukar da ke bakin tekun.Kankara tana kuma daukar lokaci mai tsawo kafin ta narke, wanda zai kai ga lokacin da aka yanke tare da kasa mai sanyi da ba a saba gani ba ga mazaunan kankara.

Saboda wadannan dalilai, da kuma yadda ruwa ke kashe tushen yawancin nau'in bishiyar a cikin kwanaki goma, bishiyoyin asali ba za su iya girma a cikin yankunan kankara ba.Nau'in rufin ƙasa waɗanda ke tsira kuma suna bunƙasa a can sun dace da gajerun yanayi.A cewar Kwalejin SUNY na Kimiyyar Muhalli da Tsarin Gandun Daji na New York Tsarin Gadon Halitta na New York, ana samun tsire-tsire da ba su da yawa a kan ciyawar kankara ta New York, kodayake ba duka ke faruwa a kowane rukunin yanar gizo ba.

Dwarf ceri (Prunus pumila var. depressa), New England violet (Viola novae-angliae), auricled twayblade (Neottia auriculata), da spurred gentian (Halenia deflexa) suna daga cikin shuke-shuke da baƙo ya dace ya gani.Da kaina, Ina son hango wani abu da ake kira sedge mai kai da yawa ( Carex sychnocephala), amma idan an raka shi da ƙungiyar kwararrun fasahar yaƙi.Bugu da ƙari ga waɗannan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, sauran furannin daji kamar doguwar cinquefoil (Drymocallis arguta), bastard toadflax (Comandra umbellata), da thimbleweed (Anemone virginiana) sukan ƙara yawan furanni na rani a cikin makiyayar kankara.

Ba a fahimci hanyoyin da ke samar da filayen kankara ba.Sau da yawa ana tunanin cewa slushy ice da ake kira frazil ne ke da alhakin zazzage bakin kogi, amma shigar da ƙanƙarar ba ta da tashin hankali ko ƙarfi.Frazil yana samuwa ne lokacin da tashin hankali ya shiga cikin iska mai sanyi - yawanci ƙasa da 16 F (-9 C) - cikin ruwa mai daskarewa.Wannan yana haifar da lu'ulu'u na kankara mai siffar sanda waɗanda galibi ke haɗawa zuwa ƙullun da ba a kwance ba.Lokacin da suke iyo a saman sun yi kama da dusar ƙanƙara.

Wani sabon abu na frazil idan aka kwatanta da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara shine cewa ana iya tsotse shi a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara mai rufe bakin kogi kuma ya "retaye" akan dutse, snag ko wani fasalin.Wannan zai iya samar da "dam mai rataye" a cikin ruwa a ƙarƙashin ƙanƙara wanda zai iya haɓaka matakin ruwa a cikin sa'o'i kadan.

An san ƙanƙarar Frazil a wasu lokuta yana samuwa a cikin koguna da yawa da koguna masu kyau a cikin NYS, amma yana taruwa ne kawai don canza wurin zama a cikin ƴan wurare.Siffar gadon kogi, canjin girma, da girma da yanayin magudanar ruwa mai yiwuwa su ma suna tasiri ga asalin makiyayan kankara.

Mazaunan Arewacin Creek kuma ƙwararriyar halitta Evelyn Greene ta shafe sa'o'i marasa ƙima don lura da ciyayi na kankara, musamman a lokacin hunturu.Ta ba ni shawarar cewa aikin zaɓe na ruwa, wani ƙarfi wanda bayan haka ya sassaƙa kwazazzabai irin su Grand Canyon, galibi ke da alhakin filayen kankara.Ta ce a wasu lokuta kankan tura kankara a bakin kogin, amma hakan yana faruwa da wuya.Ta yi nuni da cewa kasancewa karkashin ruwa sama da wata guda a kowace shekara yana fitar da kusan dukkan abubuwan da ake samu na nitrogen daga kasa mai kankara.Tun da al'ummar shuka ita ce wadda ta zama ruwan dare ga bakin ciki, matalauta mai gina jiki, ƙasa mai acidic a manyan tuddai, zan kira hakan tabbaci.Greene kuma ya lura cewa yanayin ƙanƙara ya canza a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da narke da yawa a lokacin hunturu ya zama gama gari.

Kyakkyawan misali na makiyayan kankara na Adirondack Park ana iya isa ga wurin shakatawa na Hudson River na Warren County akan Titin Golf, kimanin mil 1.4 (kilomita 2.25) arewa da Yankin NYSDEC 5 Warrensburg Suboffice.Daga filin ajiye motoci na Yankin Nishaɗi zaku iya fita zuwa wuraren da ke kan kankara a cikin 'yan mintuna kaɗan.Shirin Gadon Halitta na New York ya lissafa “tattakewa da baƙi” a matsayin barazana ga makiyayar ƙanƙara, don haka da fatan za a tsaya a kan hanyoyi masu alama, kuma lokacin da kuke bakin teku, kada ku taka kowane ciyayi.Ana iya samun sauran filayen kankara a cikin Dajin Silver Lake da Hudson Gorge Primitive Areas a gundumar Hamilton.

A cikin yankin da ke da dogon lokacin sanyi, yana iya zama mai daɗi don jin daɗin tsaunukan ƙanƙara, ko aƙalla sakamakonsa, a cikin gajeren hannayen riga.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Lokacin da yake matashi, ɗana yana da wata magana, ko na asali ko aro ban sani ba (maganin, wato), wanda ya tafi wani abu kamar “Dukkanin abubuwa cikin daidaitawa.Musamman daidaitawa."Da alama Mahaifiyar Halitta ta ɗauki wannan a zuciya, kuma an ba da shi tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a wannan bazarar.Idan ba ita ba, to watakila ya kasance Canjin yanayi mai ban tsoro na Uncle.Ko ta yaya, sakamakon ambaliya ya kasance mai ban tausayi don lura.

Duk da yake ina da damuwa da baƙin ciki na mutanen da ruwan sama ya shafa, a matsayina na arborist ba zan iya taimakawa ba sai dai in yi tunani game da bishiyoyi masu wahala kuma.

Ruwan ambaliya yana shafar bishiyu ta hanyoyi da yawa, ɗaya daga cikinsu zai zama tasiri na zahiri, kamar lokacin da abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa mai gudana suka toka kan kututturen bishiyar.Irin wannan rauni a bayyane yake, haka kuma ba a saba gani ba kuma yawanci ba mai tsanani ba ne.Abin da ke cutar da bishiyoyi shi ne ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin ƙasa da ambaliya.

Pores na ƙasa shine abin da ke ba da izinin iskar oxygen don isa tushen bishiyar.Wannan shine babban dalilin da yasa tushen bishiyar ke da zurfi: 90% a saman 25 santimita (inci 10) da 98% a saman 46 cm (18 in).Hakanan shine dalilin da yasa ƙara cikawa don ɗaga maki akan tushen bishiyar yana haifar da damuwa, kuma galibi yana haifar da raguwar bishiyar farawa shekaru 2-5 daga baya.Wasu nau'ikan bishiyoyi kaɗan ne suka dace da matsananciyar ƙarancin iskar oxygen.

Yawancin mu mun ga hotunan baldcypress na wurare masu zafi da farin ciki suna girma a cikin fadama.Baldcypress sun samo asali ne da ake kira pneumatophores wanda ke ba su damar watsa iska zuwa tushen su don kada su shaƙa.Amma bishiyar mu ba su da irin wannan daidaitawa, kuma ba za su iya ɗaukar numfashi na dogon lokaci ba.

Girman lalacewar tushen da ambaliya ta haifar ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, kamar lokacin shekara.A cikin lokacin barci, ƙasa tana da sanyi, kuma ƙimar tushen-numfashi yana da ƙasa daidai gwargwado.Wannan yana nufin tushen zai iya barin oxygen ya daɗe.Mummunan barnar ambaliyan kuma ya dogara da lafiyar bishiya kafin aukuwar lamarin.

Nau'in ƙasa yana da bambanci.Idan wuri yana da yashi, zai yi saurin zubewa da zarar ruwan ya koma, idan aka kwatanta da ƙasa mai nauyi.Yashi kuma a zahiri yana ba da damar iskar oxygen cikin sauƙi.Bishiyoyin da ke kan yumbu ko ƙasa mai zurfafa za su fi damuwa sosai.

Tsawon lokacin tushen tushen ruwa yana da mahimmanci kuma.Kwanaki biyu ko uku bazai haifar da lahani mara kyau ba, amma idan ya wuce mako guda ko fiye, yawancin nau'in zasu sami rauni mai tsanani.A wani ɓangare, jurewar ambaliya ya dogara da kwayoyin halitta - wasu nau'in na iya tsira daga ambaliyar ruwa fiye da wasu.

A cikin lokuta na mako guda ko fiye na ambaliya, bishiyoyi kamar jan maple (Acer rubrum) da maple azurfa (A. saccharinum) sun fi kyau fiye da sukari maple (A. saccharum), alal misali.Kogin Birch (Betula nigra) zai sha wahala ƙasa da birch birch (B. papyrifera).Itacen itacen oak (Quercus palustris) na iya ɗaukar cikakken yanayi fiye da jan itacen oak (Q. rubra).Auduga na gabas ( Populus deltoides) wata bishiya ce da ke iya ɗaukar ruwanta.Black tupelo, wanda kuma ake kira baki ko ɗanɗano mai tsami (Nyssa sylvatica) yana da kyau tare da makonni biyu na tushen ruwa.Willows (Salix spp.), American larch (Larix laricina), balsam fir ( Abies balsamea), da kuma arewacin catalpa (Catalpa speciosa) wasu bishiyoyi ne masu jure ambaliyar ruwa.

Shrubs da za su iya jure babban ruwa sun hada da American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis), Winterberry holly ( Ilex verticillata ), chokeberry (Aronia spp.), highbush cranberry (Vburnum trilobum), da kuma na asali shrub-dogwood jinsin (Cornus spp.).

Duk da haka, hickories (Carya spp.), Baƙar fata (Robinia pseudoacacia), linden (Tilia spp.), Black gyada (Juglans nigra), redbud na gabas (Cercis canadensis), Colorado spruce ( Picea pungens), kazalika da dukan itatuwan 'ya'yan itace. , sun fi kamuwa da cutar idan ruwa ya kewaye shi har tsawon mako guda.

Alamomin damuwa na ambaliya sun haɗa da chlorotic, wilting, undersize, ko curling ganye, rawanin kambi, launin farkon faɗuwa (idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikansa), da kuma mutuwar reshe.Dangane da duk abubuwan da aka tattauna a sama, bayyanar cututtuka na iya faruwa a kakar farko, ko kuma suna iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa don bayyana.

Bayan abubuwa sun bushe kaɗan, galibin mutanen da ambaliyar ruwan ta shafa za su kasance cikin shagaltuwa da ƙarin abubuwa masu mahimmanci.Lokacin da lokacin yin tunani game da bishiyoyi ya zo, ɗayan mafi mahimmancin hanyoyin da mutum zai iya taimaka musu shine guje wa cutar da cutar.Wannan batu ne mai mahimmanci.Kada a yi kiliya, tuƙi, ko kayan mataki a cikin yankin tushen, wanda ya ninka tsawon reshe sau biyu.Bayan an nutsar da shi, tushen bishiyar yana da rauni har ma da aiki mai sauƙi, wanda a cikin irin wannan yanayin zai iya lalata tsarin ƙasa kuma ya haɗa da damuwa da bishiyar gabaɗaya.

Kuna iya hayar ISA Certified Arborist don tantance itacen, da kuma yuwuwar haɓaka yankin tushen ta hanyar fashewar ƙasa mai huhu, ciyawa ta tsaye, ko wasu jiyya.Don nemo Certified Arborist kusa da ku, ziyarci https://www.treesaregood.org/findanarborist/findanarborist

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.Ya kasance ISA Certified Arborist tun 1996, kuma memba ne na ISA-Ontario, Ƙungiyar Masanan Halittar Muhalli ta Kanada, Cibiyar Gandun daji ta Kanada, da Societyungiyar Gandun daji na Amurka.

Ba sau da yawa ba ne mutum ya ji labarin wani labari mai daɗi.Ina so in ci karo da wata sanarwa akan sabuwar bishiyar kuɗi da ke shirin yaɗuwa cikin yankin.Tabbas zai samar da kudin waje, amma za mu iya yin zaman lafiya da wannan yanayin, ina tsammanin.

Ba zai yuwu a kai farmakin bishiyar kuɗi ba, amma nan ba da jimawa ba za a mamaye wasu wuraren da ɗimbin ƙwari da aka shirya cin baƙar ƙudaje, sauro da kudajen barewa.Dragonflies da damselflies, kwari masu cin nama a cikin tsari na Odonata, sun kasance fiye da shekaru miliyan 300.Duk nau'ikan kwari suna da fa'ida saboda suna cin abinci mai yawa.Daga cikin nau'in Odonata 6,000 da aka kiyasta a Duniya, an gano kimanin 200 a cikin duniyarmu.An gaya mani cewa yana da sa'a idan daya ya sauka a kan ku, amma sa'a mai yiwuwa shine suna tsoratar da kwari masu ci.

A ƙarshen bazara ina samun aƙalla kira guda ɗaya yana tambayar shin ko NY State, Cornell, ko hukumomin tarayya ne suka jefar da duk kwarjinin dodanniya zuwa Ƙasar Arewa.Dragonflies da damselflies suna da yanayin rayuwa da ba a saba gani ba wanda ya sa ya zama kamar wani ya sake su gaba ɗaya.

Damsels da dodanni suna ajiye ƙwai daidai a cikin ruwa ko a kan ciyayi kusa da gefuna na koguna, koguna ko tafkuna.Yaran da ake kira nymphs, dodo ne masu kama da iyayensu.Kuna iya fahimtar yadda masu yin su suke kama idan kun kalli fim din Alien.Lokacin da aka ɗaukaka, zaku iya ganin manyan muƙamuƙi na dragon da damselflies buɗe don bayyana na biyu kuma a cikin wasu nau'ikan, har ma da na uku, saitin tatsuniyoyi masu kama da muƙamuƙi.Iyakar abin da ya ɓace shine Sigourney Weaver.

Dragonflies, fliers masu ƙarfi, na iya zama babba kuma suna iya kama da tsuntsu a kallon farko.A huta sukan miƙe fikafikansu, layinsu da ke ƙwanƙwasa akan katako kamar jirage ne da ke layi a kan titin tasi.Fuka-fuka biyu na gaban mazari sun fi tsayinsa, wanda hanya ce daya da za a iya gaya musu daga 'yan mata.

Damselflies sun fi dodo sirara, kuma a cikin salo irin na yarinya, suna nade fikafikan su a jikinsu yayin da suke hutawa.Kuma ko da yake dodanni da yawa suna da launi, 'yan mata sun fi su da "rigakafi" masu haske.Damselflies wani lokaci ana kiran allurar darning, har ma da wallafe-wallafen kimiyya sun lissafta irin waɗannan sunaye masu banƙyama a matsayin "mai canza rawa" da sauran sunayen sarauta.

Damsel da dodanni nymphs suna shafe tsakanin shekara ɗaya zuwa uku a ƙarƙashin ruwa inda suke zazzage tsutsotsi masu laushi masu kama da ƙudaje na barewa da ƙudaje na doki suna ɓoye a cikin laka.Har ila yau, suna cin 'skeeter larvae kusa da ƙasa, suna girma girma kowace shekara.Dangane da nau'in, dragonfly nymph na iya zama tsayin nisa na hannunka.Nymphs ba sa jan ciki, amma idan sun girma za su yi rarrafe daga ruwa, su kafa “farcensu” ko farantansu a cikin katako mai amfani ko tashar jirgin ruwa, sannan su buɗe fatar jikinsu a tsakiyar bayansu.

Fiye da kowane fim na sci-fi, dodo mai kyau ko yarinya ta fito daga fatar jikin ta.Bayan da ya bushe sabbin fuka-fukansa a rana na ɗan lokaci, waɗannan injinan kashe-kashen suna tashi don cin kwari, da kuma haɗuwa cikin madaidaicin zane mai rikitarwa.An yi sa'a, mazari da maza da mata ba su cikin haɗari, duk da cewa muna kashe abubuwa da yawa yayin tuƙi a yankunan karkara a lokacin rani.

Yana da ban sha'awa sosai cewa wani kitse mai ratsin sarki ya dinka kansa a cikin membrane mai launin zinari, ya narke cikin miya koren, kuma ya fito bayan makonni biyu a matsayin malam buɗe ido.Dragonflies, ko da yake, suna canzawa a cikin sa'o'i kadan daga wata halitta mai zaman ruwa tare da gills zuwa wani babban jirgin saman fasinja.Kamar samun muskelluge ya zare fatarsa ya fita kamar kawa.

Saboda zafin jiki ne ke haifar da shi, wannan matsananciyar gyare-gyare yana faruwa ga kowane nau'in mazari ko damfara gaba ɗaya.Tuni suna da shekaru da yawa, suna fitowa a cikin kwana ɗaya ko biyu daga cikin takwarorinsu na shekaru, suna mai da kamar sun fito daga cikin iska.Ko kuma an jefar da su a matsayin rukuni daga cikin jirgin sama.Na san a gaskiya babu wata kungiya ko hukumar gwamnati da ke sakin dumamar yanayi.Amma idan wani ya ji jita-jita game da sakin itatuwan kuɗi masu ban mamaki, don Allah a ajiye mani rubutu.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Ana ci gaba da tsananta wa wasu bakin haure, ko da kuwa za su iya gano tushensu daga Turawan farko da suka shigo wannan nahiya.Dandelion wanda ba na asali ba ba ya samun kimar da ya cancanta a matsayin ɗan gudun hijirar da ya mallaki sabuwar ƙasa, ko a matsayin jin daɗin dafuwa mai cike da bitamin, ko kuma azaman magani mai amfani da ganye.

A kan wannan batu na ƙarshe, Dandelion yana da daraja sosai har ya sami sunan Latin Taraxicum officinale, wanda ke nufin "maganin hukuma don cuta."Akwai fa'idodin kiwon lafiya da yawa da aka ruwaito na Dandelion, waɗanda suka haɗa da tallafin hanta da kuma rage ƙwayar koda da mafitsara, da kuma waje a matsayin maƙarƙashiya don kumburin fata.Ba na yin kamar na san kowane amfani da shuka na baya da na yanzu ba, kuma ina ba da shawarar yin shawara mai kyau ga masu shuka ganye, da kuma mai ba da lafiyar ku, kafin ƙoƙarin magance kanku.

Wancan ya ce, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Maryland ta keɓe gabaɗayan shafin yanar gizon don dandelion, tare da yawancin binciken da aka yi bita na tsara.A baya na ji cewa ana amfani da dandelion azaman maganin ciwon sukari, kuma U of M Medical Center ya tabbatar da wannan:

Ba sharri ga sako ba.Kuna iya siyan busasshen dandelion da yankakken a cikin nau'i mai yawa ko capsule a yawancin shagunan abinci na kiwon lafiya, ko za ku iya samun shi kyauta a farfajiyar gidanku ta baya, idan ba ku yi amfani da sinadarai na lawn ba.

Sunan Dandelion na kowa ya fito daga Faransanci “dent de zaki,” ko haƙorin zaki, yana nufin ƙaƙƙarfan serrations tare da ganyen su.Ganyayyaki sun bambanta a bayyanar, ko da yake, kuma ban da launin rawaya, ba kowane dandelion ba ne kamar leonid kamar na gaba.Sauran dandelion moniker kuma Faransanci ne: "pis en lit," ko "jika gado," kamar yadda busasshen tushen yana da ƙarfi.Karin bayani akan haka daga baya.

Ainihin magani shine rawanin Dandelion.Dalilin da ya sa suke fure da wuri shi ne cewa suna da cikakkun gungun furannin furanni waɗanda aka ɓoye a tsakiyar kambin tushen, yayin da wasu furanni da yawa ke fure akan sabon girma.Bayan an yanke ganyen, sai a ɗauki wuka mai yankan rago a fitar da rawanin, wanda za a iya yin tururi kuma a yi amfani da man shanu.

Idan aka yi la’akari da duk kyawawan halaye na ɗandelions, yana da ban mamaki yadda lokaci da kima da al’adunmu ke bayarwa wajen kawar da su.Da alama yana da sha'awar wasu mutane, waɗanda ke shayar da lawn su tare da zaɓaɓɓun ganyen ganye.Waɗannan duka suna zuwa tare da haɗarin lafiya, ba tare da ambaton alamun farashi masu tsada ba.

Ga wadanda watakila sun dauki duk haɗin zaki da nisa kuma ba za su iya barci da dare ba idan akwai dandelions da ke ɓoye a cikin harabar, zan ba da wani sirri don fitar da su daga wuri.Sanya injin yankan da za a yanke a tsayin inci huɗu ba kawai zai kawar da yawancin ciyawa ba, zai taimaka wajen hana cututtuka, kuma zai rage buƙatar taki sosai.

Na ce mu daina kokarin kashe zakin Arewacin Amurka daya tilo da ba ya cikin hatsarin bacewa, kuma mu koyi godiya da amfani da shi.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Ba wanda yake so a gaya masa cewa yana da yanayin yanayi, amma yawancin bishiyoyi a wannan lokacin rani, musamman maples, suna kallon dan kadan don lalacewa sakamakon yanayi a farkon kakar.“Leaf tatter” kalma ce da ake amfani da ita don bayyana ganyen da za a iya tsagewa da kama-karya, karkatattu, wani lokaci tare da baƙaƙen tabo ko yankuna.Yana iya zama mai sauƙi kamar cuta ko ɓoyayyen kwaro yana lalata bishiyar.

Yayin da budurwar bishiyar ke buɗe kuma ganyayen matasa suka fara buɗewa, za su iya lalacewa ta wasu yanayi daban-daban.Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da tatter leaf shine sanyi mai sanyi wanda kawai sanyi ya isa ya daskare gefuna na ganyen jarirai, duk da haka bai kashe komai ba.Lokacin da a ƙarshe ya buɗe gaba ɗaya kuma ya taurare, akwai ramuka ko ramuka tare da layin da aka naɗe ganyen.Wani lokaci ganyen ba zai iya buɗewa gabaɗaya ba, kuma yana iya kasancewa a ɗan kwafsa.

Sauran yanayin shine lokacin da muka sami abubuwan da suka faru na iska mai ƙarfi yayin da ƙananan ganye masu laushi suna ci gaba da haɓaka.Dangane da ƙarfin iska, wannan ɓarna na jiki na iya haifar da ganyayen da suke ɗan tsiya, zuwa waɗanda aka yanke gaba ɗaya.Yawancin lokaci wannan lalacewa ba ta da kyau ko kuma iri ɗaya idan aka kwatanta da wanda raunin sanyi ya haifar.

Babu wanda ya kamata a tuna cewa a bana an kafa tarihi na yawan ruwan sama da kuma na kwanaki a jere.A sakamakon haka, ɓangarorin “tenderized” na ganyayen da aka ɗora sun zama ruwa.A al'ada, ganye ba ya zama ruwan sha saboda wani kakin zuma na halitta akan saman ganye da na ƙasa na dukkan ganye.Amma tsagewar gefuna ba su da irin wannan shingen.Danshi ya shiga ciki, kyallen ya mutu, kuma naman gwari mai saurin lalacewa ya fara wargaza wuraren da suka mutu.Don ƙara cin zarafi ga rauni, ƙananan kwari da ake kira pear thrips na iya yin mulkin mallaka wasu ganyayyaki masu lalacewa (ba su da takamaiman ga pears).

Wani abin da ke kara wa launin bishiyu mara kyau a bana shi ne yaduwar iri.A cikin yanayin maple, waɗannan suna cikin nau'i na "helicopters," iri masu fuka-fuki da aka sani ga bishiyoyi-nerds a matsayin samaras.Kamar yadda mahaukaci-jika kamar yadda wannan kakar yake, 2018 ya bushe zuwa gaba da gaba.Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna ƙayyade adadin furanni, sabili da haka tsaba, zai yi a cikin kowane bazara a lokacin bazara na baya.Idan abubuwa sun kasance peachy, zai saita adadin buds na fure don shekara mai zuwa.Idan rayuwa ta yi wuya, za ta yi kaɗan ko babu.

Duk da haka, idan yanayi ya yi tsanani har rayuwar bishiyar tana cikin haɗari, za ta yi amfani da yawancin makamashin da aka adana don samar da furanni masu yawa.Wannan martani mai ban mamaki yana kama da tsarin juyin halitta don adana nau'in ko da ya kashe itacen iyaye.Yawan iri, wanda yawancinsu suna yin launin ruwan kasa yayin da suke bushewa kuma suna shirin faɗuwa, yana ba maples ƙarin bayyanar "yanayi".

A kan batun ganyaye, asibitin Cornell’s Plant Disease Diagnostic Clinic ya ce: “Ko da yake yana da ban tsoro a bayyanar, wannan ba ya cutar da bishiyar gabaɗaya… sai dai idan an maimaita ta shekaru da yawa a jere ko kuma wani abu mara kyau yana raunana bishiyar.”

Akwai wani abu da ake kira anthracnose, wanda ba shi da alaka da anthrax, kuma ba shi da muni kamar yadda yake ji.Sakamakon nau'ikan cututtukan fungal daban-daban, anthracnose ya fi muni a cikin shekaru da yawa, kuma yana shafar bishiyoyi da shrubs da yawa, galibi waɗanda ke cikin rauni.Anthracnose yana haifar da matattu ko yankunan necrotic waɗanda manyan jijiyoyi ke daure su, kuma yawanci yana haifar da digon ganyen farko.Kawai rake sama da lalata ganye, wanda shine yadda cutar ta mamaye.

In ba haka ba, shakatawa idan kuna tunanin kuna da bishiyar mara lafiya.Yana kawai samun mummunan-rikitaccen shekara.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Kuliyoyi biyu a wurina sun jimre da bala’i masu barazana ga rayuwa kamar faɗuwa, faɗa, da “ibada” na wajibi na ƙananan yara.Yana da ban mamaki haɗarin da za su iya tsira.Abin baƙin ciki, abokan hulɗa na a fannin likitancin dabbobi suna ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa kuliyoyi suna da rai ɗaya kawai, kuma dukan abubuwan rai guda tara kawai labarin cat ne.

Duk da haka, labarin game da cattails da ke da akalla rayuka tara ba yarn ba ne.Tsibiri mai wajaba, cattail na gama gari (Typha latifolia) ɗan asalin ƙasar Amurka ne har zuwa Turai, Afirka da galibin Asiya-masanin duniyar duniyar ba tare da Ostiraliya ba, duk tsibiran Pacific da galibin yankuna na Polar.Ana iya samun shi yana girma tare da gabar ruwa kuma cikin ruwa har zuwa zurfin inci 30, daga yanayin zafi zuwa yankin Yukon na Kanada.

Sunan ta ya fito ne daga kan shuɗin iri mai launin ruwan kasa wanda yake samarwa, wanda yayi kama da kare masara fiye da wutsiya na feline.Amma don gujewa barkewar dariyar da ba a taɓa yin ba a duniya, wacce za ta iya yin tasiri ga tattalin arzikin duniya na 'yan mintoci kaɗan, Bankin Duniya ya matsa wa masana kimiyyar shuka suna da sunan karen shuka a maimakon kare masara.

Daidai suna ko a'a, cattail hakika abin al'ajabi ne na yanayi.A matsayina na wanda ke son cin abinci fiye da sau uku a rana, yana da ma'ana cewa na fara sanin cattails ta hanyar amfani da su na dafa abinci.Ƙananan harbe, wani lokacin ana kiranta Cossack bishiyar asparagus, suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi ko dafa abinci, amma tabbas za ku dafa su idan ba ku da tabbacin tsabtar ruwa.

Tushen rhizomes mai kauri ko tushen tuber kamar 80% carbohydrates kuma tsakanin 3% zuwa 8% protein, wanda shine mafi kyawun bayanin martaba fiye da wasu amfanin gona da aka noma.Ana iya gasa rhizomes, dafa, ko busasshe kuma a niƙa su zama gari.

A cikin littafinsa Stalking the Wild Asparagus, Euell Gibbons yayi cikakken bayanin yadda ake sarrafa tushen da ruwa don fitar da sitaci, wanda zan ce yana aiki da kyau.Ana saka sitaci, jike ko foda, a cikin gari don haɓaka ƙimar sinadirai kamar biscuits da pancakes.

What I like best are the flower spikes, which are two-tiered affairs having the male or staminate pollen-bearing spikes on top, and the thicker female or pistillate heads below.Furen furannin namiji suna bushewa bayan sun zubar da pollen, amma karukan mata sun girma cikin karnukan masara - Ina nufin wutsiyar kuliyoyi - duk mun gane.Dukansu spikes ana iya ci, amma dole ne a tattara su kamar yadda suke fita daga cikin kwas ɗinsu.A tafasa a ci tare da man shanu kamar yadda za a yi masara a kan cokali.Suna dandana kamar kaza.Yin wasa.Suna kama da masara.

A cikin kaka za ku iya tattara wutsiyoyi kuma ku ƙone ɓangarorin don girbi iri, mai arzikin mai.( Furta: saboda Ciwon Laziness Dina da ba a gano ba tukuna ban gwada wannan ba.)

Tsawon shekaru, ni da 'yata muna yin sally (ba sunanta na ainihi ba) a tsakiyar watan Yuni kuma muna tattara pollen cattail mai haske.Kawai zame jakar filastik akan kan furen, girgiza wasu lokuta kuma kun gama.Kadada na cattails na iya samar da fiye da tan uku na pollen cattail, kuma a cikin furotin 6-7%, wannan shine babban gari mai gina jiki.Sauya pollen cattail har zuwa kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na gari a kowace girke-girke.Kuna iya amfani da ƙari, amma gwaji akan ƙaramin ma'auni kafin kuyi hidima ga wasu (nasihu daga yara na).

Ok, to menene, rayuka biyar?Euell Gibbons ya kira cattail babban kanti na fadama, kuma ba wasa bane.Kuna iya samun dubban labarai da takaddun bincike akan amfani da cattails.A zahiri hakan bazai iya kai mu ga rayuka tara ba tukuna, don haka bari mu ambaci wasu sunaye.

A ko'ina cikin kewayon cattail, 'yan asalin ƙasar shekaru millennia sun saƙa ganyen kattail da fulawa a cikin rufin rufin, tabarmi na barci, kayan ado na agwagi, huluna, tsana da sauran kayan wasan yara, don suna amma kaɗan.Ganyen ganye da saiwoyin an daka su ana amfani da su a matsayin magudanar ruwa akan tafaru.An yi amfani da fluff na cattail azaman lilin diaper, insulation na moccasin da rigunan rauni.

A yau, injiniyoyi ne ke samar da gulmar cattail don maganin ruwa, kuma masu sana'a suna yin takarda daga ganyen cattail.Yara har yanzu suna jin daɗin wasa da ganye, musamman ma manyan kuraye.Anan ga yawancin rayuwar cattail.

Wataƙila wasu masu tasiri na kafofin watsa labarun na iya jagorantar yaƙin neman zaɓen wannan shuka mai ban mamaki wutsiya-kare.Duniya na iya amfani da dariya mai kyau a yanzu.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Lokacin da kake tunani game da shi, bishiyoyin shimfidar wuri suna da rayuwa mai wuyar gaske An samo asali a wuri ɗaya a rana da rana, kowace shekara, suna fama da - da kyau, rashin tausayi, ina tunanin.Suna iya buƙatar yin gwagwarmaya tare da ruwa mai taimako ta karnukan yanki, gwajin kayan aiki ta yara masu kuzari, ko batutuwa kamar ƙayyadaddun yanki, damuwa na fari, gasa daga ciyawa mai ciyayi, nuna zafi daga pavement da gine-gine, deicing gishiri a cikin ƙasa - irin wannan. na abu.

Duk da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan an sami annoba ta yanayin girgizar kasa wanda ke barazana ga jin dadin bishiyoyin inuwa da muke ƙauna: volcanoes.Haka ne, a cikin shekaru goma zuwa ashirin da suka gabata mun sami barkewar ciyawa mai aman wuta.Da alama sun fashe a gindin bishiyoyi masu faɗin ƙasa, musamman matasa, kuma sakamakon bai yi kyau ba.

Masana ilimin kasa da masana ilmin halittu sun yi aiki tukuru don yin la'akari da wannan lamari.Har sai an sami magani, duk da haka, ana roƙon jama'a da su sa ido a kan tuhume-tuhume masu aman wuta a yankinsu.Da fatan za a lura da fashewar kwatsam a kusa da tushen bishiyoyi.Dutsin dutse mai tsaunuka na iya tsiro cikin dare, musamman akan kaddarorin kasuwanci da na hukumomi.

Ciwon banki a kusa da gangar jikin bishiya na iya yin mummunar illa ga lafiya.Don itacen, kawai don bayyanawa.Wani batu shine cewa kwarin kwari kaza ne.Kamar ‘yan barna da trolls na Intanet, suna tsoron yin aikinsu na ƙazanta idan suna tunanin wani zai iya ganinsu.A'a, suna son duhu da damshi, kamar yanayin da ke ƙarƙashin tulin ciyawa, ko kuma a cikin yanayin trolls, a cikin ginshiƙan Mama.Masu borkonon itace da haushin ƙwaro suna son ciyawa mai aman wuta domin yana ba su damar shiga gangar jikin bishiyar kyauta.

Wanene ba ya son kyakkyawan rodent?Ok, watakila wasun mu ba su yi ba.Itace kuma ba sa son rodents.Mice, daji voles da pine voles duk suna jin daɗin ɗanɗanon haushin bishiyar.Matsalar ita ce cin haushi yana ɗaukar su lokaci mai tsawo, wanda a lokacin za su iya zama masu haɗari ga mafarauta.Amma a ƙarƙashin dutsen dutsen mai tsiro, ana yin abincin rana cikin nishaɗi.

Tushen itace yana buƙatar oxygen.Wannan na iya zama a bayyane - ba shakka suna yi, kuma suna samun iskar oxygen ta jijiyoyin su, daidai?To, a'a.Bishiyoyi suna da tsarin jijiyoyin jini kuma suna yin iskar oxygen ta hanyar photosynthesis, amma ba su da wani abu mai kama da haemoglobin don jigilar iskar oxygen zuwa sassansu.Ya juya cewa tushen yana samun iskar oxygen ta saman ƙasa.Duk wani abu da ke hana shiga saman zai datse tushen.Kuma bishiyoyi ba su da kyau a riƙe numfashi fiye da mu.

Wata matsala ita ce daidaitawa.Har ila yau, bishiyoyi suna "inganta kansu."Wannan yana nufin suna daidaitawa da amsa canje-canje a muhallinsu.Amma dusar ƙanƙara mai cike da tsaunuka suna da ƙarfi a cikin injin.

Lokacin da dutsen mai tsiro ya binne kututturen bishiyar, wanda ke iyakance iskar oxygen zuwa tushensu na halitta, bishiyoyi suna fara daidaita tushensu (na gaba) don ramawa.Tushen tushe masu kyau za su tsiro daga gangar jikin don amsawa da guntuwar itace.Duk da haka, bayan lokaci dutsen dutsen ciyawa zai rushe kuma ya ragu, kuma a sakamakon haka, waɗannan tushen taushi za su bushe kuma su mutu, wanda ke jaddada bishiyar.

A karshe, akwai batun ruwa.Bishiyoyin da aka dasa na iya buƙatar ƙarin ruwa na shekaru da yawa.Dokar ita ce shekara guda na ƙarin shayarwa ga kowane inch na diamita na gangar jikin.Dutsin dutsen ciyawa yana aiki kamar rufin daji, yana zubar da ruwa sosai.Ga bishiyar da ba ta da girma wacce ba ta da matsala sosai, amma ƙaramin itacen na iya samun duka ko kusan duk tushensa a ƙarƙashin wannan dutsen ciyawa, (ba) mai kyau da bushewa.

Tsayawa inci biyu zuwa hudu na ciyawa a kusa da bishiya - sau biyu tsawon reshensa yana da kyau - yana da fa'ida, muddin ciyawa baya tuntuɓar gangar jikin.Da fatan za a taimaka cire ciyawa volcanoes a rayuwar ku!Ba za ku kona ƙafarku ba.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci nakan ji koke-koke game da masana kimiyya da ake zargin suna almubazzaranci da kudaden masu biyan haraji.Misalai na binciken da ake zato na ɓarna sun haɗa da yadda ƙuman dusar ƙanƙara ke yin jima'i, da kuma dalilin da ya sa igiya ke haɗuwa da sauƙi.A Burtaniya, duka ƙungiyar masana kimiyya sun yi ƙoƙarin gano dalilin da yasa ɓawon masara ke yin tsami a cikin madara.Wani bincike da aka samu da ya dace ya nuna cewa faranti na yin kaushi idan aka jefa su a wani wurin cin abinci, kuma wasu sauro suna son kamshin cukuwar Limburger.Gaskiya, gardama ta tafi, ya isa ya yi rashin lafiya.

A fuskarta, waɗannan misalan na zahiri suna da ban dariya, don haka abu ne na halitta wasu mutane za su yi fushi da irin waɗannan rahotanni.Amma sau da yawa abubuwa ba su kasance kamar yadda suke bayyana a kallon farko ba.Idan muka duba da kyau, irin wannan kimiyyar tana tabbatar da kanta.

Fleas na dusar ƙanƙara ko springtails kyawawan ƙananan arthropods ne a cikin tsari na Collembola.Aiki a duk shekara, ana iya ganin su cikin sauƙi a saman dusar ƙanƙara a ranar sanyi mai sanyi.Masana halittu har yanzu ba su yarda da yadda za a rarraba ƙuman dusar ƙanƙara ba, amma nazarin ƙananan halittu ya ba mu hanyoyin inganta dashen gabobin.Dusar ƙanƙara tana yin sinadari na musamman mai arzikin glycine wanda ke hana ƙanƙara samu a cikin ƙwayoyin su ko da a cikin tsananin sanyi.Za a iya adana gabobin dashewa na dogon lokaci idan wannan furotin ya ba da damar a ajiye su a yanayin zafi ƙasa da sanyi ba tare da lalacewa ba.

Kwayoyin halittu masu kama da kirtani irin su DNA suna yin ruɗewa, wani lokaci yakan haifar da tantanin halitta ba daidai ba yana karantawa da maimaita su.Wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli da yawa, ciki har da ciwon daji.Wasu sel sun samo asali ne na sinadarai waɗanda ke warware waɗannan “zauren” ɓatacce.Masu bincike, waɗanda suka fara da yin nazarin ainihin kirtani da igiya, yanzu suna haɓaka maganin ciwon daji bisa ga masu lalata sinadarai.

Wani bincike na 2006 da ke nuna cewa sauro-vector sauro yana da tayin ga Limburger an fara yi masa ba'a.Amma ba da daɗewa ba, wannan ilimin ya haifar da ingantattun tarko na sauro da aka tura a wasu sassan Afirka, wanda ya taimaka wajen yaki da zazzabin cizon sauro.

Masanin ilimin lissafin Amurka Richard Feynman ya raba a cikin kyautar Nobel ta 1965 don kimiyyar lissafi saboda masu tashi sama.A gaskiya ya ce lura da farantin abincin da ake jefawa a wani wurin cin abinci na jami'a ya sa ya san yadda suka yi.Kamar yadda ya fito, wannan yana da alaƙa da jujjuyawar electrons, kuma ya taimaka wajen ci gaba da fannin ƙididdiga na electrodynamics, kodayake ta hanyoyi ba zan iya fara tantancewa ba.

A iya sanina, masana kimiyya na Burtaniya da ke ƙoƙarin buɗe asirin hatsin mushy ba su yi wani bincike mai ban sha'awa ba, duk da haka.Amma sun bambanta.Shahararren mai yin hatsi ne ya tallafa musu a asirce.

Ina tsammanin batu shine cewa ba mu da wata hanya ta faɗa a gaba idan binciken ba shi da mahimmanci ko mahimmanci.Idan aka yi la'akari da tarihi, ƙila ba za a sami wani abu mai kama da ƙaramin batu ba.

Don haka a gaba idan muka ji labarin bincike kan ka’idar karta, ko kuma yadda tsuntsaye ke iya gane wane shahararren mai zane ne ya yi zanen da aka bayar (ainihin abin al’ajabi), ko kuma ilimin lissafin da ke bayan labule, ya kamata mu danne dariyarmu.Rayuwar da aka inganta ko ceto ta irin wannan nau'in kimiyya na "ba'a" na iya zama namu, ko na ƙaunataccen.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Ba sau da yawa ba ne mutum ya ji labarin wani labari mai daɗi.Ina so in karanta wani bulletin akan bishiyar kuɗi da ke yaɗuwa cikin yankin.Tabbas zai samar da kudin waje, amma za mu iya yin zaman lafiya da wannan yanayin, ina tsammanin.

Ba zai yuwu a kai farmakin bishiyar kuɗi ba, amma nan ba da jimawa ba za a mamaye wasu wuraren da ɗimbin ƙwari da aka shirya cin baƙar ƙudaje, sauro da kudajen barewa.Dragonflies da damselflies, kwari masu cin nama a cikin tsari na Odonata, sun kasance fiye da shekaru miliyan 300.Duk nau'ikan kwari suna da fa'ida ta yadda suna cin baƙar fata da yawa, kuda na barewa, sauro da sauran abubuwan banƙyama.Daga cikin nau'in Odonata 6,000 da aka kiyasta a Duniya, an gano kimanin 200 a cikin duniyarmu.An gaya mani cewa yana da sa'a idan mutum ya sauka a kan ku, amma sa'a yana yiwuwa su kori kwari masu ci.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Bayan irin wannan dogon lokacin hunturu, duk muna godiya cewa bazara ta tashi daga ƙarshe, duk da cewa farashin yanayin zafi yana kama da zuwan kwari masu ci.Swarms na sauro na iya zubar da nishadi daga maraice a kan bene, amma ƙafafu guda ɗaya na baƙar fata ko barewa (Ixodes scapularis) na iya ɗaukar haske a duk lokacin rani idan ya kamu da cutar Lyme da / ko wata cuta mai tsanani.

A baya-bayan nan shekaru goma da suka gabata a arewacin jihar NY abu ne da ba a saba gani ba a samu kaska guda daya da kan sa bayan doguwar yini a waje.Yanzu duk abin da za ku yi shi ne sanya ƙafar ƙafa a cikin goga don tattara su duka a kan ƙafafun wando.Bincike ya gano cewa kaska barewa ba su taɓa nan a tarihi ba, ko da a cikin ƙananan lambobi, amma sun tashi daga jihohin tsakiyar Atlantic a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata.Za a iya cewa su nau'in cin zarafi ne a arewacin NYS.

Sabuwar kaska akan toshe, duk da haka, ba tare da tambaya ba wani nau'in cin zarafi ne.'Yan asalin ƙasar Koriya, Japan, gabashin China, da wasu ƙasashen tsibirin Pacific, an san shi da daji na Asiya ko kaska na shanu (Haemaphysalis longicornis).Ana kuma kiranta kaska mai tsayin ƙaho na Asiya, wanda ke da ruɗani domin mun riga mun sami ƙwaro mai tsayin ƙaho na Asiya.Bugu da kari, kaska na daji ba shi da dogayen abubuwa na kowane iri.

A gaskiya gajere ne akan kowane nau'in sifofi.Kamar yadda Jody Gangloff-Kaufman na Shirin IPM na NY ya rubuta, “Dogayen kaska suna da wuyar ganewa, musamman a matakin ƙarami.Manya suna da launin ruwan kasa a fili amma suna kama da karen launin ruwan kasa.”NYSPIM kuma ta bayyana cewa ana iya samun sabis na tick-ID a: http://www.neregionalvectorcenter.com/ticks

Dangantaka da kaska na barewa da muke ƙauna, an gano kas ɗin daji na Asiya a karon farko a cikin daji a Arewacin Amurka a cikin 2017 a New Jersey, inda aka ba da rahoton cewa wata dabbar dabba ta kamu da fiye da dubu daga cikinsu.Tun daga wannan lokacin ya bazu zuwa wasu jihohi takwas, ciki har da NY.Babban ƙarfinsu na haifuwa yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan damuwa na nau'in.Dukkansu mata ne na parthenogenic (asexual), ma'ana suna fitar da kwai 1,000 - 2,000 a kowannensu ba tare da damuwa da haɗuwa da ma'aurata ba.

Columbia News ta ruwaito kyakkyawan misali na sabon kaska ta fecundity a watan Disambar da ya gabata: Lokacin da aka fara tabbatar da kaska na daji na Asiya a tsibirin Staten a cikin 2017, binciken ya gano yawansu a wuraren shakatawa na jama'a ya kai 85 a kowace murabba'in mita.A cikin 2018, wuraren shakatawa iri ɗaya suna da 1,529 a kowace murabba'in mita.

Wani abin damuwa shi ne ko cutar da mutane da dabbobi ne.A cikin kewayon gida, an san kaska na daji yana watsa daɗaɗɗen cututtuka da suka haɗa da Lyme, zazzabi mai tabo, Erlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Powassan virus, ƙwayar cuta mai ɗauke da kaska, da zazzabi mai tsanani tare da ciwon thrombocytopenia, mai kama da Ebola.Kamar yadda wannan yake da ban tsoro, masu bincike har yanzu ba su sami alamun kamuwa da cutar ba a Arewacin Amurka.

Masana sun yi sabani game da yuwuwar kaska na yada cuta.Dokta John Aucott, wanda ke jagorantar Cibiyar Nazarin Cutar Lyme a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Jami'ar Johns Hopkins, ya ce bai kamata mu fitar da hakan ba saboda kajin daji na dauke da cututtuka masu tsanani a cikin gida, mutane a nan suna cikin hadarin kamuwa da cututtuka iri daya.Duk da haka, mataimakin darektan Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) na Sashen Cututtukan Vector-Borne, Dokta Ben Beard, an nakalto a shafin yanar gizon CDC kamar haka: "Ba a san cikakken tasirin lafiyar jama'a na wannan kaska ba. .A wasu ɓangarorin duniya, ƙaho mai tsayi na Asiya na iya watsa nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa na kowa a cikin Amurka.Mun damu cewa wannan kaska, wanda zai iya haifar da bala'in cutar kan dabbobi, kan mutane, da muhalli, yana yaduwa a Amurka."

A yanzu kaska na daji an iyakance shi zuwa Downstate NY, amma ana la'akari da shi mai sanyi kuma zai kan hanyarmu.Ko da yake kaska suna tafiya da 'yan mita a tsawon rayuwarsu, suna kan hawan kan tsuntsaye masu ƙaura.Wani bincike kan fadada kewayon barewa wanda Katie M. Clow na Jami'ar Guelph da ke Ontario ta jagoranta ya kammala cewa suna tafiya arewa a matsakaicin adadin kilomita 46 (mil 28.5) a kowace shekara, tare da taimakon tsuntsaye.

Wannan ba yana nufin muna buƙatar firgita ba, kodayake jin daɗin yin hakan idan kuna so.Nisantar wannan kaska ana yinta kamar yadda muke guje wa kaska na barewa.Tun da kaska “neman” a saman dogayen ciyawa ko goga, suna jira don yin haske kan abu na gaba da ke gogewa, masu tafiya ya kamata su tsaya kan hanyoyin da aka yi alama, kuma kada su bi hanyoyin barewa.Yi amfani da samfuran da ke ɗauke da 20-30% DEET akan fata mai fallasa.Tufafi, takalma da kayan aiki irin su tantuna za a iya bi da su tare da 0.5% permethrin.Kula da dabbobi akai-akai tare da samfurin rigakafin kaska da/ko abin wuya don kar su kawo kaska a cikin gida.Yi magana da likitan dabbobin ku game da yin wa dabbobin gida rigakafin cutar Lyme (abin baƙin ciki babu wani maganin ɗan adam a yanzu).

Bincika kaska kowane maraice bayan wanka.Kaska kamar wuraren da ba a iya gani ba kamar hammata, makwancin gwari, fatar kai, safa da bayan gwiwoyi, don haka duba da kyau a waɗannan wuraren.Idan ka ga alamar ta makale a kanka, cirewar gaggawa yana da mahimmanci.CDC tana ba da shawarar ka kama ta kusa da fata gwargwadon yiwuwa tare da tweezers kuma ja kai tsaye har sai ta fito.Kila ka ja da ƙarfi idan ta kasance tana ciyarwa na ɗan lokaci.Kaska sassan baki yawanci suna kasancewa a cikin fata bayan cire kaska;wannan ba matsala bace.Kada ku yi amfani da magungunan gida don samun alamar da za a saki, saboda yana sa shi ya sake dawowa cikin ku, yana kara yawan damar da za ku iya yin rashin lafiya.

Masu gida na iya taimakon kansu.Gidan yanar gizon CDC ya ce: “Kiyaye tazarar ƙafa 9 tsakanin lawn da wuraren zama na itace na iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da kaska.Tufafin da aka yi wa Permethrin da DEET, picaridin, ko IR3535 ana iya amfani da su azaman masu kawar da kai.Bi duk umarnin lakabin.Tuntuɓi likitan ku don shawarwarin da suka shafi yanayin ku da dabbobin ku."

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Ganin cewa ƙasar Arewa ta kasance fari ko launin ruwan kasa daga tsakiyar watan Nuwamba zuwa farkon makon Afrilu, yana da kyau mu ji yunwa don ganin ɗan koren ya bayyana a cikin fili.Don haka rashin adalci ne musamman cewa wasu wuraren suna da wata inuwar kore da yawa.Emerald don zama daidai.

Bayan cin abinci na tsawon shekaru da yawa cewa sama za ta faɗo, a ƙarshe an tabbatar da ni.Wannan lamari ne guda daya da ban ji dadin zama daidai ba, duk da haka.Yanayin faɗuwar sama shine Emerald ash borer (EAB), ƙaramin ƙwaro mai siffar harsashi na Asiya wanda ke wasa da aikin fenti mai ƙarfe tare da manyan abubuwan jan karfe, ya isa da yawa.

A cikin watanni biyu da suka gabata, masu aikin sa kai na ƴan ƙasa sun sami sabbin ɓangarorin EAB da yawa a kan Tekun Tekun daga kudancin St. Lawrence County kusa da iyakar gundumar Jefferson zuwa gabashin gundumar Franklin.Yankin Massena yana da nauyi musamman da yaɗuwar yawan jama'ar EAB.A wannan lokacin, an sami bututun ash na Emerald a cikin 'yan mil kaɗan daga Tekun Tekun.

Da farko an gano shi kusa da Detroit a cikin 2002, EAB cikin sauri ya bazu ko'ina cikin yankunan Upper Midwest da Great Lakes a Amurka, da kuma kudancin Ontario a Kanada.Da alama sun zo kyauta a cikin akwatunan sassa na motocin China masu arha, kamar kyautar Crackerjack maras so.Manya-manyan beetles ba su cutar da su ba, amma jariransu (larvae) suna cin cambium, nama mai rai tsakanin haushi na ciki da itace, na bishiyar toka, ɗaure kuma ta haka ya kashe su.Tun da EAB yana kashe toka na gaskiya kawai, tokar dutse yana da lafiya.

Wataƙila sama ba za ta faɗo a zahiri ba, amma nan ba da jimawa ba, bishiyar toka da yawa za su faɗo zuwa duniya.Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke tattare da cutar ita ce lokacin da EAB ya kashe ash, itacen yana rasa ƙarfi da sauri fiye da yadda aka kashe bishiyar ta wani dalili.A cikin watanni 12 zuwa 18, itacen da EAB ya kashe yana fuskantar raguwar ƙarfin juzu'i sau biyar.Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi za su kaɗe ba tare da iska ko wani tsokana ba, suna haifar da haɗari fiye da yadda muka saba.

Dukkan nau'ikan guda uku na toka na asali - fari, kore da baki - daidai suke da rauni ga EAB.Abin baƙin ciki, za mu rasa dukan bishiyar toka.Kashi kaɗan na ash yana da alama yana da matakin juriya ga EAB, yana ɗaukar tsawon lokaci ya mutu, amma babu wanda ke da rigakafi.Wadannan "toka mai tsayi" suna da sha'awar masu bincike don nazarin kwayoyin halitta.In ba haka ba, toka kawai wanda zai tsira shine wanda tsarin kwari ke kiyaye shi.

Ga mazauna cikin mil 15 daga Tekun Seaway waɗanda ke son kare bishiyar toka mai faɗi, lokacin da za a yi aiki yanzu shine.Kafin yanke shawara don kula da bishiyoyinku, yana da mahimmanci don samun Certified Arborist ya kimanta su.Wasu bishiyoyi za su sami matsalolin ɓoye waɗanda za su iya iyakance rayuwarsu, kuma ya kamata a cire su.Sai kawai mai sauti, toka mai lafiya ya kamata a kula da shi, kuma hanya mafi kyau don sanin hakan ita ce ziyarar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru.Nemo daya kusa da ku a isa-arbor.com

Mafi inganci sinadarai an iyakance su ga masu amfani da magungunan kashe qwari masu lasisi.Wasu samfurori suna da kyau ga shekaru da yawa;ko dai a yi musu allura a cikin gangar jikin ko kuma a fesa su a gindin gangar jikin.Maganin kashe kwari kawai da ake samu ga masu gida shine ɗigon ƙasa imidacloprid, wanda yakamata a yi amfani dashi a cikin bazara.Idan bishiyar tana kusa da jikin ruwa, ko da yake, ko kuma idan gidan yana kan rijiya, ya kamata a guje wa wannan hanya.Kuna iya nemo mai nema mai lasisi ta gundumomi a dec.ny.gov/nyspad/find?

An kafa shi a cikin 2016, St. Lawrence County EAB Task Force ƙungiya ce ta sa kai da ta ƙunshi gandun daji, masu kiwo, jami'ai a matakin gundumar, Gari da Kauye, malamai, ma'aikatan amfani, da ƴan ƙasa masu damuwa.Idan kuna son wakili daga EAB Task Force don yin magana da ƙungiyar ku, kulob ko ƙungiyar ku, tuntuɓi John Tenbusch a [email protected]

Don ƙarin bayani kan Emerald ash borer, duba emeraldashborer.info ko tuntuɓi ofishin Extension na Cornell Cooperative na gida.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

A kusan kashi arba'in da biyu na furotin, suna da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki, kuma a yawancin sassan duniya ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin magani.A yankin mu akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan lawn guda biyar, waɗanda a zahiri jariran ƙwaro ne.Wadannan farar fata masu siffar C na iya zama 'yan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun Jafananci, chafer na Turai, furen fure, beetle na gabas, ko lambun lambun Asiya.Ban taɓa cin grubs ba, amma an gaya musu sun fi kyau idan an dafa su, miya mai zafi yana taimakawa, amma lokaci yana da mahimmanci.

Idan kisa, maimakon cin abinci, lawn grubs shine burin ku, lokaci shine ainihin komai.Zaɓin gabaɗaya abu ne mai kyau, amma kowane nau'in nau'in kisa a kan shiryayye yana da kayan aiki daban-daban.Wasu suna buƙatar sakawa kafin tsakiyar watan Mayu, yayin da wasu ke aiki ne kawai idan aka bazu a watan Yuni da Yuli.Aiwatar da samfurin sarrafa gurɓatacce a lokacin da bai dace ba shine cikakkiyar asarar kuɗi da ƙoƙari, kuma dangane da sinadari da ake amfani da shi, na iya jefa yara, dabbobi da namun daji cikin haɗari.

Kafin in kwashe wannan matsala, ina so in faɗi wasu abubuwa game da ciyawar ciyawa (nau'in da ba na Whitman ba), waɗanda ke yin amfani da hasken rana waɗanda ke yin abinci daga rana.Kyawawan tsafta don yin tunani a kai haka.Idan wannan rukunin hasken rana ya yi ƙanƙanta don muna ci gaba da aske shi har ya zama ƙwaya, dukan tsiron yana yunwa kuma ba zai iya samar da tushen tushe mai ƙarfi ba, yaƙar cututtuka, ko yin gogayya da ciyawa.Sakamakon rashin zurfi, lawn mai rauni mai tushe yana da matukar rauni ga lalacewa.

Ina mamakin idan jarabarmu ta rufe yankan mai tushe daga ganyen golf mai lush.A cewar golfcourseindustry.com, a cikin 2015 ya biya $4.25-$6.00 a kowace ƙafar murabba'in don saduwa da ƙa'idodin USGA don yanayin ƙasa don gina kore.Wannan shine gyada - farashin kulawa na shekara-shekara yana gudana a cikin dubun dubatar kowane kore.Darussan Golf na iya yanke gajere saboda ciyawar tana kan tsayayyen abinci na tsabar kuɗi.

Lawn ɗinmu ba zai iya kama da nasu ba, amma idan muka ƙyale ciyayi da yawa isashen “hanyoyin hasken rana,” za su yi kyau, suna da ƙarancin cututtuka, suna buƙatar ƙarancin taki, farashi mai rahusa, kuma su kasance da gaske.Na gane wannan yana da yawa don alƙawarin, amma saita injin ku zuwa inci huɗu, kuma ku ba shi shekara.Sauran ayyuka kamar masu yankan yankan kaifi da barin ciyawar a kan lawn zasu taimaka ma.Oh, kuma mai sauƙi a kan lemun tsami.Yawancin lawns suna tashi tare da ƙasa pH da yawa saboda maimaita aikace-aikacen lemun tsami.

Komawa labarinmu mai dadi.Sarrafa grubs yana aiki mafi kyau lokacin da suke kanana, a tsakiyar- zuwa ƙarshen Agusta.Cikakken-size grubs yin ƙaura sama kusa da saman a cikin bazara don ciyar da ɗan kaɗan, sa'an nan kuma su yi farin ciki.Jiyya na "24-hour" da aka yi amfani da lokacin bazara sun bambanta daga 20% zuwa 55% tasiri akan waɗannan balagagge masu girma, bisa ga Tsawancin Jihar Michigan.Abubuwan da ake kira "24-hour" suna da guba sosai, kuma dole ne a kula da dabbobi da yara daga wuraren da ake kula da su.

"Kayayyakin rigakafin da ke dauke da imidacloprid, thiamethoxam ko clothesianidin za su ci gaba da rage kashi 75-100 na grubs idan an yi amfani da su a watan Yuni ko Yuli kuma ana shayar da su tare da 0.5-1 inch na ban ruwa nan da nan bayan aikace-aikacen," in ji daga gidan yanar gizon Jihar Michigan.Wadannan neonicotinoids ba su da guba ga dabbobi masu shayarwa, amma suna iya cutar da masu pollinators, don haka kar a kula da wuraren da ke kusa da tsire-tsire masu fure.Tagan aikace-aikacen su shine Yuni zuwa Yuli.

Duk da tsayin sunansa, chlorantraniliprole ana ɗaukarsa kusan mara guba ga dabbobi da ƙudan zuma.Abin kamawa shine yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don yin aiki, don haka samfuran da ke ɗauke da wannan sinadari mai aiki yakamata a yi amfani da su da wuri-wuri, kuma ba daga baya ba daga ƙarshen Yuni.

Milky-spore cuta ce mai ban al'ajabi, sai dai idan kun kasance gungu.Abin baƙin ciki, masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa ƙasa a arewacin NYS ba ta da isasshen zafi na dogon lokaci don wannan ƙwayar cuta mai guba ta yi aiki.Koyaya, nematodes masu fa'ida, waɗanda ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙasa ne waɗanda ke kai hari ga yawancin nau'in grub, suna da tasiri sosai.Bugu da ƙari, suna da aminci kuma ba sa kai hari ga wasu kwayoyin halitta.Nematodes masu amfani suna da rauni, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su nan da nan bayan sun isa.Ana iya yin oda su akan layi, ko tambaya a cibiyar lambun ku.

Banda samfuran tushen chlorantraniliprole, yin amfani da sinadarai na grub a cikin bazara shine rashin amfani da kuɗi mara kyau.Mafi kyawun abin da za a yi shi ne a sake shuka ɓangarorin da ba su da tushe a yanzu, kuma a datse tsayi don ciyawa za ta yi tushen ƙarfi.Ko kuma za ku iya haɗa batter, kunna fryer mai zurfi kuma ku je cin abinci daga cikin lawn.Kar a manta da miya mai zafi.

RA'AYIN KWASHI: An yi kowane ƙoƙari don samar da daidai, cikakke kuma na zamani shawarwarin maganin kashe qwari.Duk da haka, sau da yawa canje-canje a cikin ƙa'idodin magungunan kashe qwari suna faruwa sau da yawa kuma kuskuren ɗan adam yana yiwuwa.Waɗannan shawarwarin ba su zama madadin lakabin magungunan kashe qwari ba.Da fatan za a karanta alamar kafin amfani da kowane maganin kashe kwari kuma bi umarnin daidai.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Kusan duk masana tarihi sun yarda Marie Antoinette mai yiwuwa ba ta taɓa yin kalmar nan "Bari su ci kek," maganar da ta riga ta kasance a cikin al'adun gargajiya kafin lokacinta.‘Yan adawa ne suka yi mata wannan magana don kara mata suna a matsayin ’yar boko mai girman kai.Da ta yi kamar ta fi alheri idan ta ce "Bari su ci kututturen itace."

Daga ƙauyuka masu nisa zuwa gidajen cin abinci na taurari biyar, mutane a duk faɗin duniya suna cinye kowane nau'in jita-jita masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke nuna itacen hannu na biyu.Ko da yake ba haka ba ne gabaɗaya yadda ake nuna shi a menu.Namomin kaza irin su hular inky, kawa da shitake suna da sha'awar itace, wani sinadari da tsirarun halittu ke ci saboda yana da wuyar narkewa.Duk wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin cin abinci a kan katako zai iya tabbatar da haka.

An yi itace da farko na cellulose tare da nau'in lignin daban-daban.Wannan fili na ƙarshe shine cellulose abin da sandar ƙarfafa ƙarfe shine siminti.Akwai nisa kaɗan amma yana ba da ƙarfi da ƙarfi sosai.Hatta ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta masu cin itace a cikin hanjin ari ba za su iya narke lignin ba.Keɓantaccen nau'in fungi ne kawai ke da wannan ƙarfin.

Akwai rukunoni na asali guda uku na fungi masu lalata itace: rot-robe, launin ruwan kasa da fari-rot.A kimiyyance waɗannan coteries ba su da alaƙa ta kud-da-kud duk da cewa suna da irin wannan suna.A bayyane ga fungi, "rot" yana kama da "Smith" namu a wannan bangaren.

Naman gwari mai laushi ya zama ruwan dare, yana haifar da lalacewa iri-iri a cikin gungumen tumatur da shingen shinge.Itace, aƙalla.Rufe launin ruwan kasa ba shi da yawa.A wani lokaci ko kuma wata kila ka ga aikin hannun sa.Wannan naman gwari yana haifar da tsari mai toshewa, yana mai da itace zuwa ƙaramin bulo mai launin ruwan kasa.Yayin da robobin launin ruwan kasa na bukatar danshi don yin aikin sa na kazanta, wani lokaci ana kiran shi bushewa saboda yana bushewa da sauri kuma ana ganinsa a cikin wannan yanayin.Dukansu naman gwari mai laushi da launin ruwan kasa suna cinye cellulose kawai, suna cin abinci a kusa da lignin kamar yaro wanda ke guje wa wake Lima da ke ɓoye a cikin abinci masu daɗi a kan farantin su.

Farin-ɓarkewar fungi, a gefe guda, suna cikin kulab mai tsabta, suna narkar da kowane ɓangaren itace.Wannan nau'in fungi na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa a cikin bishiyoyin katako, ko da yake wasu nau'o'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) lalata).Masu gandun daji sun ƙi shi, amma masu cin abinci suna son shi.Ƙungiya ce ta ba mu Armillaria mellea, mai cutarwa kuma mai lalacewa wanda ke samar da namomin kaza masu dadi.

Shiitake da kawa namomin kaza fari ne masu ruɓewa, ko da yake su saprophytes ne, kama da masu ɓarna irin su ungulu na turkey, ba ƙwayoyin cuta kamar mafarauta ba.Don haka bai kamata mu ji laifin cin su ba.A yanki, noman shiitake ya kasance, um, naman kaza a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata.Ita ce hanyar samun ƙarin kuɗin shiga ga manoma kuma tushen nishaɗi da abinci mai kyau ga duk wanda ke son gwadawa.

Shiitake ya fi son itacen oak, beech, maple da ironwood, fiye ko ƙasa da haka.Don noma shiitake, ana buƙatar ƙulla (gina) da aka yi da ɗayan waɗannan katako.Bolts yawanci tsayin su ƙafa huɗu ne kuma suna da tsayi daga inci uku zuwa takwas a diamita.Irin waɗannan kujerun za su ɗauki namomin kaza na kusan shekara ɗaya a kowace inci diamita.An haƙa jerin ramuka a cikin katako, kuma waɗannan suna cike da "tsaran" naman kaza da ake kira spawn.

Tun daga watan Satumba na 2015, Jihar NY ta amince da "namomin daji masu girma na itace" a matsayin ingantaccen amfanin gona mai mahimmanci-kuma mai mahimmanci.Wannan yana bawa manoma damar ayyana filayen da suke amfani da su don noman namomin kaza a matsayin aikin noma, wanda hakan zai sa su cancanci karɓar haraji.Godiya ga Sanata Patty Ritchie don taimakon hakan ya faru.Koyaya, dokar ta 2015 ba ta ƙara zuwa namomin daji da aka girbe ba.

Jami'ar Cornell ta himmatu wajen inganta noman naman kaza a matsayin tushen samun kudin shiga ga mazauna karkara.A cikin binciken shekaru 3 da aka nannade a cikin 2012, Cornell da cibiyoyin bincikensa sun ƙaddara cewa manoma za su iya samun riba cikin shekaru 2 kawai.Sun gano cewa gonar shiitake mai 500 na iya samun dala 9,000 a kowace shekara.

Steve Gabriel, masani kan noman naman kaza na Cornell, ya yi nuni da cewa, kiwon naman gwari mai dorewa yana da ɗorewa kuma yana da alaƙa da muhalli, baya ga kasancewa tushen samun kudin shiga.Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani mai yawa akan gidan yanar gizon Farfesa Gabriel yana gudanarwa: www.cornellmushrooms.org

An yi sa'a, Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County yana sake karbar bakuncin taron bitar hannu-kan shiitake a wannan shekara a Gidan Koyon Extension a Canton.Mahalarta za su iya zaɓar daga ɗaya daga cikin ranaku biyu: Asabar Afrilu 6, ko Asabar Afrilu 13, 2019 daga 9:00 na safe zuwa 1:00 na yamma.

Kowane ɗan takara zai ɗauki gunkin naman kaza na shiitake gida bayan ya shirya kuma ya yi allurar.Login zai ci gaba da ɗaukar namomin kaza har tsawon shekaru 3 zuwa 4.Rajista yana kan layi ta hanyar gidan yanar gizon CCE: www.st.lawrence.cornell.edu.Hakanan zaka iya kiran ofishin a (315) 379-9192.Girman aji yana da iyaka, don haka yi rijista da wuri.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Yayin da kwanaki ke tsawo kuma yanayin zafi ya hau, ya zama ruwan dare a sami wasu ƴan ƙwari suna yin bugu a cikin gidan, suna neman hanyar waje.Kwaro-kwalkwalin ja-da-baki, lemu mace-mace-ƙwaƙwalwar Asiya, da kuma launin toka, masu saurin tafiya yammacin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin masu ƙila za su nemi tsari mai kariya, mara haya a cikin fall sannan su manta inda ake fita. sun zo spring.Abin farin ciki, waɗannan ba su da lahani kuma ba su da ma'ana, kuma ba sa haihuwa a cikin gida ko haifar da haɗarin lafiya.

Yanayin dumi yana iya fitar da tururuwa daga aikin katako.Wannan alama ce da ke nuna cewa mutum yana buƙatar kafinta, ko kuma mai yiwuwa mai yin rufi, domin tururuwa kafinta na buƙatar jika, da itacen da ya lalace don fara yin gida.Ko da yake ba sa cutar da gine-gine kamar yadda tururuwa ke yi, ba wanda yake son su kasance a ƙarƙashin ƙafa.Abin baƙin ciki, wasu daga cikin mafi ƙarancin maraba da kwari suna aiki duk shekara, misali kyankyasai da kwaron gado.Ko da wanene su, kwari na gida na iya sa mu mu rarrafe bango a takaice.

Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka matsalar kafin a mayar da martani.Yana da dabi'a a so sakamako nan take, amma babban gazawar abin da ake kira "yakin da kwayoyi" ya kamata ya yi mana gargadin cewa kawai kumbura a kan alamu yana barin mu gaji da karye, kuma ya bar matsalar daidai da ko mafi muni fiye da da.Dabarun “Kaduwa da kaduwa” koyaushe za su kasance marasa ƙarfi sai dai idan mun canza yanayin da ya haifar da yanayin.Wasu daga cikin shahararrun kayan aikin rigakafin kwari, misali jimlar-saki masu hazo gida (TRFs) ko “bug bombs,” an tabbatar da su ba su da fa’ida, yayin da hanyoyin ƙasƙantattu irin su bacin da aka yi niyya suna da matuƙar tasiri.

Tsarin farko na kasuwanci shine gano kwaro.Centipedes, millipedes, cluster flies, da daddy-dogon kafafu daidai suke da abokan gida marasa maraba, amma suna buƙatar sarrafawa daban-daban.Ofishin Extension na Cornell Cooperative na gida zai iya taimaka muku gano kwaro idan kun yi musu imel ɗin wasu cikakkun hotuna.Mataki na gaba shine ka tambayi mai kutsawa abin da yake yi a gidanka.Wani ɓangare na tsarin ID shine koyan abin da wannan abu yake yi don rayuwa, me yasa yake cikin sararin ku, da kuma yadda wataƙila ya isa can.

Kwarorin boxelder, alal misali, suna rayuwa akan maple sap, da kuma overwinter a matsayin manya a ƙarƙashin haushin bishiya ko, da rashin alheri, vinyl ko siding na itace.A cikin bazara ba abin da suke so illa barin wuraren da kuke ciki don su sami ɗan dambe ko wasu nau'ikan maple waɗanda za su yi aure su sa ƙwai.Babu adadin maganin kwari na gida da zai ba da iko ga waɗannan yayin da suke ɗigowa daga maboyarsu a cikin ƴan makonni.Magungunan kwari sune gubobi na jijiyoyi, har ma da ƙananan adadin an haɗa su a cikin haɓaka ADHD, damuwa, da sauran matsalolin yanayi.Ya kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan samfuran kawai lokacin da ya dace don yin haka.

Maganin kwaroron dambe, mace-macen Asiya, kwari da sauran kwari masu neman tsari ba mai walƙiya ba ne kuma ba mai guba ba ne, saboda wannan dalili galibi ana korarsu.Zuba hannun jari a cikin yanayin caulk mai kyau, ƴan gwangwani na feshi, kuma wataƙila wasu sabon allo na iya warkar da yawancin irin waɗannan cututtukan na shekaru a lokaci ɗaya.Bugu da ƙari, yawancin gidaje za su dawo da farashin lokacin hunturu na farko a ajiyar man fetur.

Millipedes, tururuwa kafinta da kwaroron shuka suna shiga gidaje suna bin danshi.Za su koma akai-akai sai dai idan ba a magance matsalar ruwa ba.Yin maganin tururuwa kafinta da maganin kwari mai faɗi na iya ba da gamsuwa na ganin tarin tururuwa da suka mutu washegari, amma masana'antar tururuwa (watau sarauniya) za ta kori jarirai har tsawon lokaci, suna buƙatar aikace-aikace da yawa.Koto mara guba da datti mai arha da aka yi daga foda acid da ruwan sukari zai shafe sarauniya, amma yana ɗaukar makonni biyu.Muna buƙatar zaɓar tsakanin girgiza-da-girma mara amfani, da tasiri na shuru.

A cikin wata kasida da aka buga a ranar 28 ga Janairu, 2019 a cikin mujallar BMC Public Health, masu bincike na Jami'ar North Carolina sun gano cewa yawan kyankyasai na Jamus a cikin gidaje 30 ba su canza ba bayan wata daya na maimaita "bam" tare da sakin hazo.Amma matakin ragowar magungunan kashe qwari a cikin waɗancan wuraren ya karu da matsakaicin sau 603 na asali.A cikin gidajen da aka yi amfani da bat ɗin gel, ko da yake, yawan kyankyasai ya faɗi 90%, kuma ragowar magungunan kashe qwari a cikin sararin samaniya ya ragu.Jagoran marubucin Zachary C. DeVries ya ce "Haɗari mai girma na fallasa magungunan kashe qwari da ke da alaƙa da TRFs tare da rashin tasirinsu wajen shawo kan cutar kyankyasai na Jamus ya sanya ayar tambaya game da amfanin su a kasuwa."

Yin bama-bamai ko jefa bama-bamai kowane kwari da muke gani a cikin gida na iya samun wani abin sha'awa, amma motsa jiki ne mai haɗari da tsada wanda ba zai gyara abin da ke damun mu ba.Don ƙarin bayani kan sarrafa kwari da ke da ma'ana, ziyarci gidan yanar gizon Haɗin gwiwar Kwari na NYS a https://nysipm.cornell.edu/whats-bugging-you/ ko tuntuɓi ofishin Extension na Cornell Cooperative na gida.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Dabbobin masu girman Pint sun kasance masu amfani, sau ɗaya a lokaci guda.Mafarauci da ke amfani da kerkeci don fitar da wasa zai kawo gida ƙasa da naman alade fiye da wanda ya yi amfani da terrier don ayyukan sa ido.Watakila, ƙananan karnukan farauta da ke saduwa da kura-kura shine abin da ya haifar da Shih Tzus da sauran ƙananan karnuka marasa ƙarfi, waɗanda abin baƙin ciki yanzu ba su da buƙatu sosai a yanzu da Roombas zai iya yin aiki iri ɗaya don rahusa.Wasu shekarun baya an yi wani abin hauka na “teacup mini-alade”, amma mun jefar da su lokacin da suka zama alade na yau da kullun waɗanda ba da daɗewa ba za su girma teacups, buckets, da bathtubs.Yanzu da alama ana lalata wadatar imogee mai ido akan karnuka masu shayi, waɗanda ba su buƙatar komai sai mai kariyar aljihu a matsayin ɗakin gida, ƴan gram na abinci a kowace shekara, da kuma jinginar gida na biyu don biyan kuɗin dabbobi.

Duk da Allah wadai da ake yi a duniya, masu riya-sarai masu arzikin mai da sauran gajerun manufar rayuwa har yanzu suna haifar da buƙatar ƙananan karnuka a matsayin kayan haɗi.Kamar yadda Wendy Higgins, Daraktan Sadarwa na EU a Humane Society International ya nuna, “Ba daidai ba ne karnuka su kasance ƙanana, don haka galibi suna fama da ƙasusuwa masu rauni har ma da gazawar gabobi.Idan kuna kula da karnuka kwata-kwata, mafi munin abin da za ku iya yi shi ne siyan kwikwiyo mai shayi."Amma idan sha'awar dabbobin da ba su da yawa sun ci gaba da sauri, na san wanda zai iya saita iyaka.Matsawa, dabbobin shayi - bears, wanda kuma aka sani da moss piglets, sun fi kama dabbobin teaspoon.

Waɗannan ƙananan dabbobi, waɗanda suke auna 0.3 zuwa 0.9 mm kawai (ko kuma a cikin sharuddan da ba awo ba, miyagu-ƙanana zuwa ƙarami) tsayi, ana kiran su da sunan Phylum Tardigrade, ma'ana jinkirin stepper.Don kawai su kanana ba yana nufin sun gajarta da hali da kyau ba.Fuskokinsu masu banƙyama, daɗaɗawa, jikinsu masu banƙyama da halaye masu sarƙaƙƙiya suna sa beyar ruwa ta zama kamar ƙirƙira na 1960s na ilimin halin ɗabi'a (masu magana sun nuna cewa za su kasance a gida a Alice a Wonderland) fiye da bambance-bambancen, ƙungiyar dabbobin da ba za a iya lalacewa ba. .

Ƙafafun ruwa suna da nau'i-nau'i huɗu na ƙafafu masu taurin kai, kowannensu yana ƙarewa cikin faratu 4 zuwa 8.Jikinsu na iya zama bayyananne, fari, ja, lemu, rawaya, kore, shunayya, ko baki.Ya ƙunshi fiye da nau'in 1,100, Tardigrades suna cin gansakuka, lichen, algae, da kuma lokaci-lokaci, juna.Yawancin lokaci, lokacin da aka ce ana rarraba kwayoyin halitta a "duniya," wato a takaice don "fadi."Ba haka ba ne ga waɗannan masu sukar.Baya ga kasancewarsu “sauran beyar polar,” ana samun su a cikin mafi zurfin ramukan teku, mafi zafi dutsen dutsen wuta, bushewar hamada da ko'ina cikin kankara da glaciers.

Moss piglets / bears na ruwa suna da ƙarfi sosai, watakila fiye da kowane nau'in rayuwa.Masana ilmin halitta da yawa sun yi nuni da cewa Tardigrades na iya tsira da wani bala'i kamar na tarihi wanda ya haifar da tasirin meteor.Amma don zama ainihin extremophile, dole ne kwayoyin halitta suyi mafi kyau a cikin yanayi mai tsanani fiye da matsakaici.Duk da yake berayen ruwa na iya rayuwa kusan komai, sun fi son irin abubuwan da yawancin mutane ke yi: isasshiyar iska, ruwa, abinci, da yanayin yanayi.

"Lokacin da tafiya ta yi tsanani, mai wuya ya fara tafiya," wanda koyaushe ina ɗauka yana nufin wani wuri mai shiru.Lokacin da rayuwa ta sami ƙalubale ga bear ruwa, ya zama yanayin cryptobiotic da aka sani da tun, yana kwashe kusan dukkanin ruwa daga cikin sel kuma ya maye gurbin wasu da sukari da ake kira trehalose.Hakanan yana samar da furotin na musamman mai lalata lahani don kariya daga lalacewar DNA.Nawa ne mafi tsananin ƙanƙara a cikin wannan jihar?Tuns

Yayin da kimanin radiyoyin X-ray 500 za su kashe mutum, radiyoyin 570,000 ba su haifar da mace-mace ko ma lalata DNA ga waɗannan abubuwa ba.An nuna Tardigrades don rayuwa na tsawon shekaru 20-30 a cikin nau'in cryptobiotic, duk da haka bayan 'yan mintoci kaɗan na hydration, ya ci gaba da aiki akai-akai.Zan ci amanar wasu ma su dauko zaren hirarsu ta karshe.

A cewar wani rahoto a Smithsonian, suna jure sanyi zuwa kusan -200C (-328F), kusa da sifili.Kuma ban san yadda mutum zai dafa beyar ruwa ba, domin su ma suna rayuwa a cikin 149C (300F), wanda ke da kyau tanda.Tardigrades na iya jure fiye da sau 1,200 na matsa lamba na yanayi, da kuma cikakken yanayin sararin samaniya - a cikin 2007, wasu an ɗauke su zuwa ƙananan ƙasa a kan jirgin na Foton-M3 na tsawon kwanaki 10.

Dabarun cryptobiotic na bears ruwa sun ba likitoci damar haɓaka abin da ake kira busassun alluran rigakafi bisa ga trehalose maimakon ruwa.Waɗannan ba su da lalacewa, fa'ida ga mutane a yankunan da ke da iyakacin firiji.

Baya ga kusurwar zaluncin dabba, wani koma baya ga mallakar karen teaup dole ne ya zama ɗanɗanon shayi, zan yi tsammani.An yi sa'a, tardigrades an haife su ta hanyar horar da takarda.Duk lokacin da ruwa ya yi girma kaɗan, dole ne ya zubar da fatarsa ko kuma ya bushe, tsarin da za a iya maimaita sau 12 ko fiye yayin da ya girma.Masanan iya aiki, suna jira har sai sun buƙaci yayyafawa kafin su bushe, kuma su bar layuka na ƙananan pellets a jere a cikin tsohuwar fata.Wannan zai sa ya zama mai amfani ga masu su su karɓa lokacin da suke ɗaukar kuɗinsu zuwa wurin shakatawa na ruwa, idan irin wannan ya kasance.Tsawon rayuwa ya bambanta da nau'in daga ƴan watanni zuwa shekaru biyu, ba a ƙidaya lokacin da aka kashe a cikin raye-rayen da aka dakatar.

Ana iya tattara ƙwanƙarar ruwa daga kusan kowace ƙasa, musamman masu ɗanɗano kamar gansakuka, a kowane lokaci na shekara, kuma a duba shi da ruwan tabarau na hannu ko ƙananan ikon rarrabawa.Saboda ruwan ruwa ya yi ƙanƙanta don yin aiki ko da a matsayin maɗauran ɗamara, waɗannan ƙananan ƙwararrun ƙila ba za su gamsar da waɗanda ke neman kayan haɗi na rayuwa ba.Da fatan za a taimaka haɓaka ikon mallakar dabbobi na ɗabi'a - a guji dabbobin shayi, kuma ku ɗauki tardigrade!

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

dodo-Tsawon hawan igiyar ruwa a Ostiraliya;hawan dusar ƙanƙara saukar da rufin rufi a Alaska ta amfani da ingantattun alluna;tobogganing cikin ganganci a kasan tuddai masu tudu-yawan wasan da ba a kula da shi wanda matasa ke iya shiga ba shi ne ja-in-ja.Wannan ba ma maganar wasan motsa jiki mai haɗari da wasan doki ba, da kuma wasannin rashin kunya kamar wasan ƙwallon ƙafa a cikin tafkin.Gaskiya, su irin waɗannan dabbobi ne.

Masanan halittu sun dade suna tunanin dalilin da yasa yawancin nau'ikan dabbobi suka samo asali don yin wasa, lokaci-lokaci a cikin hatsarin su.Kuma har zuwa wani lokaci, har yanzu suna mamaki.Wasan yara a cikin firamare irin su mutane da birai an rubuta su sosai, kuma sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa irin su karnuka da kuliyoyi su ma suna wasa a fili, amma ya zama abin ban mamaki na dabbobi suna yin wasannin banza.

Rubutu don sciencenews.org a cikin Fabrairu 2015, Sarah Zielinski ta buga wani bincike mai ban sha'awa daga Jami'ar Tennessee a Knoxville da aka buga a wannan watan.Masu bincike Vladimir Dinets da Gordon Burghardt sun siffanta wasan dabba a matsayin duk wani aiki na bazata wanda yake yin karin gishiri (sau da yawa) motsi, wanda dabbobi masu lafiya suka fara a cikin yanayin da ba shi da damuwa.Sun bayyana wani ƙunƙure mai laushi mai laushi na Nilu wanda zai "dribble" kwando baya da gaba a kan tafkin a cikin kewayensa.

Da alama masu binciken sun lura da crocodiles na daji suna hawan Down Under, kuma sun lura cewa waɗanda aka kama suna sha'awar yaudara da kayan wasan filastik a ƙasa da ruwa.Ta yadda a yanzu gidajen namun daji suna ba da ‘gators da crocs abubuwa iri-iri da za su yi nishadi da su.Duk wani abu da ya ɗauke hankalin kada ya cizon baƙi tabbas kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne, ko ta yaya.Zielinski ya kuma ambaci wani masanin halittu daga Jami'ar Lethbridge, Alberta, wanda ya lura dorinar ruwa suna tofa ruwa na sa'o'i a kan abubuwan da ke iyo don motsa su a kusa da akwatin aquarium.

Kuma don fassara Jason Goldman na BBC a cikin rahotonsa na BBC na Janairu 2013, "Gulls kawai yana son jin daɗi."Ya ambaci wani binciken da aka yi ta hanyar Kwalejin William da Maryamu a Williamsburg, VA wanda ya rubuta gull na matasa suna wasa "drop-catch" tare da abubuwa daban-daban, musamman a ranakun iska lokacin da irin wannan wasan ya kasance mafi ƙalubale.

Ravens wasa ne na lokaci mai kyau kuma.Goldman ya ba da haske game da aikin da masana ilimin halittu na Jami'ar Vermont suka yi, waɗanda suka ce "wuri ne" don ganin hankaka a Alaska da yankin Arewa maso Yamma na Kanada suna zamewa akai-akai a saman rufin rufin, suna riƙe da igiyoyi a cikin ƙafafu a matsayin dusar ƙanƙara.Don nakalto masu binciken, "Ba mu ga wani takamaiman aiki na amfani ga [hankaka] halayen zamiya."

Amma wasa dole ne ya kasance yana da manufar juyin halitta, ko dabbobi ba za su yi ba.Da alama haka lamarin yake, amma ba kamar yadda muka yi zato ba.Akwai shirye-shiryen yanayi marasa iyaka a kan layi waɗanda ke nuna wasan farauta na farauta, wanda da alama ya sa su zama ƙwararrun mafarauta, ko wasan faɗa, waɗanda muke tunanin sun inganta ƙwarewarsu ta gaske.’Yan awaki da barewa sun yi ta zagayawa don inganta yanayin tafiyarsu, mun taɓa cewa.Don wasu dalilai wannan duka a bayyane yake cewa babu wanda ya damu da ainihin bincike shekaru da yawa.

A cikin labarinta mai kyau da ban dariya a cikin watan Mayu 2011 a cikin Scientific American, masanin ilimin halitta Lynda Sharpe ya rubuta game da giwaye da aka yi fim ɗin zamewa, akai-akai, saukar da wani tudu mai ciyawa cikin takwarorinsu a ƙasa, kuma ta tambaya: Ina bayanin juyin halitta akan hakan?Ta shafe shekaru biyar tana binciken merka, mai cin naman jeji, a cikin Kalahari.Ayyukanta sun gano cewa waɗannan ƙananan ƙwallan gashin gashi waɗanda suka tsunduma cikin mafi yawan wasan wasan ba su sa mayaka mafi kyau ba, ko jawo hankalin abokan aure cikin sauri.Hakazalika, wasan haɗin gwiwar meerkat bai rage tashin hankali ba ko inganta alaƙar zamantakewa.“To akwai ku.Shekaru biyar kuma babu amsa.Ba zan iya gaya muku dalilin da yasa meerkats ke wasa ba, ”in ji ta.

Ta kuma yi nuni da cewa binciken da aka dade ya tabbatar da farautar wasa ba ya hasashen samun nasarar farauta ta gaske, haka kuma ga kurayen gida.Amma, ta ƙarasa da cewa, "Wasa yana taimakawa!"Mutane da yawa masu wasa suna samar da ingantattun iyaye, suna haɓaka ƙarin matasa kowane zuriyar dabbobi.Kuma wasa wajibi ne don koyo.Berayen, waɗanda aka ruwaito suna ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo, suna koyo da sauri idan aka ba su damar yin cuɗanya da wasa akai-akai.Lokacin da aka bai wa bera wurin zama daban-daban tare da kowane nau'in kuzarin fahimi, amma an hana shi wasa da wani nau'insa, kwakwalwarsa ta kasa haɓakawa.

Wani mai bincike Max Kerney, ya rubuta a cikin Newsweek a watan Yuni 2017, ya ce “Nazarin squirrels, dawakin daji da berayen launin ruwan kasa sun tabbatar da cewa yawan lokacin da dabbobi ke kashewa suna wasa sa’ad da matasa ke da alama yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga rayuwarsu na dogon lokaci da nasarar haifuwa. .Daidai yadda wasa ke samun wannan tasirin ba a bayyane yake ba.”Amma wasa ya wuce haka.Ƙarin wasa yana nufin manyan kwakwalwa.

Tawagar Kerney ta sami “dangantaka ta kut-da-kut tsakanin adadin da dabbobin suka taka da girman tsarin su na cortico-cerebellar,” wadanda ke da hannu wajen koyo.Ya kuma ambaci binciken da ya gabata wanda "ya sami alaƙa tsakanin wasan [primate] da girman ... neocortex, cerebellum, amygdala, hypothalamus da striatum."Voilà: duk aiki kuma babu wasa ya sa Jack wawa.

Menene wannan duka ke nufi ga 'ya'yanmu, waɗancan matasan primates waɗanda muke riƙe da ƙauna?Akwai maganar da nake so, ko da yake ba zan iya samun marubucinta ba, wato (mafi ko ƙasa da haka) "Fahimtar kimiyyar roka kamar wasan yara ne idan aka kwatanta da fahimtar wasan yara."Wasan yara na da matukar muhimmanci ga ci gaban da ya sa Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin yara ta karanta (a cikin Mataki na 31) "Yara na da 'yancin shakatawa da wasa, kuma su shiga cikin al'adu, fasaha da sauran ayyukan nishaɗi. ”Wani abin sha'awa shi ne, kowace kasa a duniya in ban da Somaliya da Amurka sun amince da wannan yarjejeniya.

A cikin wani shafi na Psychology A Yau mai kwanan watan Yuli 07, 2011, Marc Bekoff, farfesa na ilimin juyin halitta a Jami'ar Colorado, ya ce "Akwai dalilai da yawa da yara ke bukatar wasa.Dole ne a bar yara su yi ƙazanta kuma su koyi yin kasada… Kamar yadda masanin ilimin ɗan adam William Crain ya yi jayayya, muna buƙatar barin yara su dawo da kuruciyarsu.

Na yarda da gaske.Muna buƙatar ƙyale yara su yi wasa da yawa a cikin duniyar gaske, a cikin yanayi.Wataƙila ba motsa jiki ba tare da crocodiles ko dusar ƙanƙara tare da hankaka a kan rufin rufin, amma wani abu tare da waɗannan layin.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Gabaɗaya magana, Ina son bishiyoyi, har ma waɗanda dole ne in sha'awar daga nesa, irin su itacen soyayya, akacao, Theobroma cacao, wanda daga ciki ake samun cakulan.Ba wai kawai cakulan yana da alaƙa da soyayya ba, musamman a ranar soyayya, yana iya yuwuwar taimaka mana jin ƙarin soyayya-dovey godiya ga wasu sinadarai da bishiyar ke samarwa.

'Yan asali zuwa Amurka ta tsakiya, itacen cacao yana girma kusan kusan kusan digiri ashirin a kowane gefe na equator - a wasu kalmomi, inda yawancin mu ke fatan muna cikin tsakiyar Fabrairu.An niƙa tsaba na cacao kuma an mai da su abin sha da sunan ɗan asalin ƙasar Amirka (wataƙila Nahuatl), cakulan, ya yi kusan shekaru 4,000.

Cacao ƙaramin bishiya ce, tsayinsa ya kai ƙafa 15-20, yana ɗauke da kwas ɗin iri masu auna tsakanin inci 6 zuwa 12.Kunshe a kusa da wake 30 zuwa 40 na cacao a cikin kowane kwafsa shine ɓangaren litattafan almara mai daɗi, wanda a tarihi kuma ana cinye shi.Bayan girbi, wake na cacao yana bi ta hanyar haifuwa kafin a bushe shi sannan a niƙa shi da foda.

Kafin tuntuɓar Turai, cakulan abu ne mai kumfa, abin sha mai ɗaci sau da yawa ana haɗe shi da barkono da masara.Mayans da Aztecs sun sha shi musamman don kayan magani - ƙari akan wancan daga baya.A ƙarshen 1500s, wani ɗan Mutanen Espanya Jesuit wanda ya taɓa zuwa Mexico ya kwatanta cakulan a matsayin "abin ƙyama ga waɗanda ba su san shi ba, suna da ƙura ko kumfa wanda ba shi da daɗi [don] ɗanɗano."Abu ne mai fahimta, don haka, an yi jinkirin tashi daga farko a Turai.

Chocolate ya zama sananne sosai, ko da yake, bayan kyawawan sabbin abubuwa kamar ƙara sukari da barin masara.Wani dalili na hawan meteoric na bukatar shi ne cewa mutane sun lura yana da tasiri mai dadi.Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan yana kama da na shayi ko kofi.Babu maganin kafeyin da yawa a cikin cakulan, amma yana da kusan abubuwan da aka sani 400, kuma yawancin waɗannan mahadi na sama ne.

Babban daga cikinsu shine theobromine, wanda ba shi da bromine - tafi siffa.Sibling din sinadari ne ga maganin kafeyin, kuma sunansa ya samo asali ne daga Girkanci don "abincin alloli."Ko da mutane sun san cewa ana fassara shi a hankali zuwa "ƙamshin alloli," ba zai yuwu hakan zai kawo cikas ga tallace-tallacen cakulan ba.

A kwanakin nan, cakulan ana gane shi azaman antioxidant mai ƙarfi, amma a tsawon shekaru yana da suna don kasancewa aphrodisiac.Ina tsammanin wannan yana bayyana al'adar ba da cakulan ga masoyan mutum a ranar masoya, bukukuwan tunawa, da sauran abubuwan da suka faru.Chocolate ba koyaushe yana rayuwa daidai da ikon da ake yayatawa ba, amma wani abin motsa rai da ya ƙunshi, phenylethylamine (PEA), na iya ƙididdige sunansa.

Kusan da ke da alaƙa da amphetamine, PEA tana sauƙaƙe sakin dopamine, sinadarai "jin daɗi" a cikin cibiyar ladan kwakwalwa.Ya juya cewa lokacin da kuke soyayya, kwakwalwar ku kusan tana digowa da dopamine.Bugu da ƙari, aƙalla mahadi guda uku a cikin cakulan suna kwaikwayon tasirin marijuana.Suna ɗaure ga masu karɓa iri ɗaya a cikin kwakwalwarmu kamar tetrahydrocannabanol ko THC, sinadari mai aiki a cikin tukunya, yana sakin ƙarin dopamine da kuma serotonin, wani sinadari na kwakwalwa mai alaƙa da farin ciki.

Kada ku firgita da wannan labari-waɗannan abubuwan haɓaka dopamine ba su da kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da abin da magungunan ƙwayoyi za su iya yi, kuma yana da kyau a koma bayan motar bayan kopin koko mai zafi.Shan cakulan bai taɓa hana ni ikon sarrafa injuna masu nauyi ba, aƙalla ba yadda rashin horo da gogewa suke da shi ba.

Yawancin mutane za su yarda cewa cakulan ba madadin soyayya ba ne, amma tasirin sinadarai na halitta na iya zama dalilin da ya sa soyayya da cakulan ke da alaƙa.To, wannan da tallace-tallace, ina tsammanin.

Karnuka ba za su iya metabolize theobromine da kyau ba, har ma da matsakaicin adadin cakulan, musamman duhu, na iya zama mai guba a gare su.Wannan shi ne dalili guda daya da bai kamata ka sami karenka da akwati na cakulan a ranar soyayya ba, ko ta yaya kake son su.Kuma da ɗaukan an ɓata shi ko kuma an cire shi, jakar ku ba za ta iya amfana daga kowane irin tasirin cakulan ba.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Idan kuna son The Godfather: Sashe na II, ko Rocky II, ko na biyu Ubangiji na Zobba fim, ba za ka so The Carrington Event: Part II.A zahiri, komai fim ɗin da kuka fi so, zaku ƙi kashi na biyu na Event na Carrington, saboda lokacin da jerin abubuwan ya bayyana, ba wanda zai iya kallon fina-finai na tsawon watanni da yawa, kuma wataƙila shekaru.

Ba kamar The Poseidon Adventure, Jurassic Park, da sauran fina-finan bala'i, The Carrington Event, wanda kuma aka sani da The Solar Flare of 1859, ya kasance na gaske, kuma ana maimaita shi akai-akai, mafi kwanan nan a cikin 2012. Abin farin ciki, Duniya yakan rasa waɗannan fashewar. radiation, amma wani lokacin kawai da al'amarin na sa'o'i.Babu makawa cewa duniyarmu za ta sake fuskantar wani guguwar hasken rana mai ma'aunin 1859 a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, don haka yana da kyau a kalli ainihin makircin.

Tun daga ranar 28 ga Agusta, 1859, masu ilimin sararin samaniya sun lura da gungu na rana, kuma washegari an ga hasken arewa da kudancin (aurora borealis da aurora australis, bi da bi) a latitudes kusa da Equator.Sai kuma a ranar 1 ga Satumba, masanin falaki dan Burtaniya Richard C. Carrington ya rubuta “farin haske” da tsakar rana a wannan rana.Bayan sa'o'i 17 kacal, korar koronal na rana ko CME ta bugi magnetosphere na Duniya kuma ya haifar da mummunar guguwar geomagnetic ta duniya wacce ta dade har cikin na biyu na Satumba.

An ba da rahoton cewa, na'urorin telegraph a Arewacin Amirka da Turai sun kasance masu wuta, wanda ya sa igiyoyin telegraph da karɓar tashoshi suka kama wuta.Ma'aikata da dama sun sami firgita daga kayan aikin suma.Masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa guguwar hasken rana mai girman irin wannan a yau za ta lalata hanyoyin sadarwar lantarki ta duniya ta yadda gyara zai dauki watanni a kalla, kuma maiyuwa shekaru.Guguwar rana ta 2012 mai irin wannan ƙarfi ta yi kewar Duniya da kwanaki 9 kacal.A cikin 2013, Lloyd's na London ya ƙididdige cewa yana da "mabiyi" na 2012 ya same mu, da zai haifar da lalacewar dala tiriliyan 2.6 a cikin Amurka kaɗai.

Yana da wuya a yi tunanin rayuwa ba zato ba tsammani ba tare da wayoyin salula, Intanet, da wutar lantarki ba.Ba a ma maganar gaskiyar cewa Bitcoin zai ƙafe.Bayan 2012 kusa-miss, NASA ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ke nuna cewa akwai yuwuwar 12% za mu sake ganin irin wannan guguwar nan da 2022.

Kwayoyin da aka caje suna fitowa kullum daga rana—haskoki, haskoki gamma, hasken UV, hasken da ake iya gani, da sauran nau'ikan radiation-a cikin sauri daga 300 zuwa 800 km/s.Ganin cewa Rana tana da digiri miliyan Celsius a samanta, mutum zai ɗauka cewa waɗannan ɓangarorin zafi ne ya kore su.A zahiri, ƙarfin farko shine sakamakon filayen maganadisu.Wannan ƙaura na barbashi ana kiransa iskar hasken rana.Yankuna daban-daban akan rana suna fitar da barbashi na saurin gudu da abun da ke ciki, kuma a tsaka-tsaki dabam-dabam, don haka iskar tana jujjuyawa.Kusan koyaushe ana samun iska, kuma koyaushe guguwa takan tashi.Babu wanda ya san abin da ke haifar da guguwar rana, amma masu ilimin sararin samaniya suna iya "tabo" lokacin da mutum ke yin busa.

Duk taurari suna samar da yankuna na aikin maganadisu akai-akai.Ba a sani ba idan suna haifar da flares da CMEs, amma sunspots yawanci suna bayyana kafin irin waɗannan abubuwan.Flares da CMEs sune "gusts" na iskar hasken rana wanda ke fitowa daga wuraren da ke kusa da wuraren rana, kuma radiation da suka jefa cikin sararin samaniya ana kiransa plasma.Idan masu ilimin taurari suka lura da manyan wuraren rana, suna sa ido don ayyukan da ke gaba.Lokacin da CME mai ƙarfi ya fashe, plasma mai ƙarfi yakan kai mu cikin sa'o'i 24-48, inda yake amsawa da yanayin waje na duniya (magnetosphere) don samar da guguwar geomagnetic.

Ƙunƙarar hasken rana na iya faruwa a kullum a lokacin mafi yawan kuzari na tsawon shekaru 11 na ayyukan hasken rana.A lokacin ƙarancin aiki, ko da yake, kumburi na iya faruwa ne kawai kowane ƴan makonni.Ba kowane walƙiya ke nuna fitar da yawan jama'a ba, amma suna da alaƙa sosai.Idan na fahimci al'amuran hasken rana da kyau, zan iya samun kyakkyawan aiki a ilimin taurari ko wani abu.Bayan shafe mafi kyawun sashi na yini yana yawo cikin rahoto mai cike da dabaru da ke bayyana flares da CMEs, na ci karo da wannan layin ta marubucin: “…har yanzu ba a fahimci hanyoyin da abin ya shafa ba.”Da zai fara da haka, da ban yi kokari haka ba.

Za mu iya gode wa taurarin mu masu sa'a muna da zuriyar zuriyar ƙarfe mai arzikin ƙarfe.Ko aƙalla abin da duniyarmu ke yi.Wannan jigon yana haifar da filin maganadisu a kusa da Duniya, don haka yana karkatar da hasken wuta da kuma ceton mu daga zama babban birni.Yayin da rafi na radiation ya karkata a duniya kamar ruwa a kusa da dutse, ana yin kiwo da barbashi zuwa sandunan arewa da kudu, suna haifar da auroras.

Guguwar Geomagnetic ba wai kawai tana sanya nunin psychedelic ba.Kamar yadda aka ambata, suna da ikon kashe na'urorin lantarki, kuma suna iya lalata ko ma lalata tauraron dan adam.A mafi yawan lokuta, tauraron dan adam na iya kawar da shi daga hanyar cutarwa cikin lokaci.A cikin Maris 1989, kwatankwacin ƙaramin guguwar geomagnetic ta rufe grid ɗin wutar lantarki na zamani na Hydro-Québec a cikin daƙiƙa na bugun duniya, wanda ya haifar da rikodin rikodin wanda ya bar abokan ciniki miliyan 6 cikin duhu.An kuma katse watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo da wayar salula, kuma an ga aurora borealis har zuwa kudu da Texas.

Abin farin ciki, zaku iya zuwa noaa.gov don bincika hasashen yanayin sararin samaniya, kuma ku yi rajista don sanarwa idan kuna so.Hasashen sararin samaniya-yanayin yanayi na NOAA zai iya ba da gargaɗi kawai game da lokacin da plasma na hasken rana zai bugi Duniya kwana ɗaya ko watakila biyu gaba.Duk da yake ba za a iya annabta ɓarna da kansu ba, NOAA na iya gaya muku lokacin da aka lura da faɗuwar rana, flares, da CMEs.Rahoton yanayin sararin samaniya kuma na iya sanar da kai idan ana tsammanin aurora (kuma mai yiwuwa ko kuna buƙatar injin dumama sararin samaniya) a wani dare na musamman.

Bayan haka, kuna iya yin la'akari da saka hannun jari a cikin injin rubutu, abacus, wasu tagwaye masu kyau, da 'yan gwangwani kaɗan.Kuma ina ba da shawarar kowa ya fara ɓoye kuɗin dijital a ƙarƙashin katifa, suma.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

A aji na tara ina cikin mawaka na ’yan watanni har sai da mai koyarwa ya ba ni “A” na sauran shekara idan na sauke karatunta.Gaskiya labari.Za ku yi tunanin mutumin da yake son kiɗa amma ba zai iya waƙa ba zai ji daɗi aƙalla, amma hakan ya dogara.Bincike ya nuna cewa humming na iya haifar da damuwa, damuwa, rashin barci, kuma a wasu lokuta, fatalwowi.Hakanan gaskiya ne - ko da yake na bar wasu 'yan bayanai a can.

Humming da waƙa saboda ba ku sani ba (ko ba za ku iya rera ba) kalmomin ba su da lahani, sai dai watakila ba ta daɗe kuma ta faru ta harzuka abokan aikinku.Amma yawancin hanyoyin masana'antu kamar tanderun fashewa, hasumiya mai sanyaya, da manyan injina da injin famfo na iya fitar da ƙananan mitoci ko infrasound hums masu iya tafiya dubun mil.Domin ƙwanƙarar da ɗan adam ke haifarwa suna da tsayin tsayin da ba a saba gani ba—a wasu lokuta fiye da mil ɗaya—humar na iya tafiya cikin sauƙi a kan tsaunuka da ta cikin gine-gine.

Yanayi na iya samar da irin waɗannan nau'ikan raƙuman sauti yayin abubuwan da suka faru kamar dusar ƙanƙara, girgizar ƙasa, da fashewar volcanic.Iskar wani gudunmuwa da alkibla da ke kadawa ta cikin kogin na iya yin infrasound.Kuma wasu dabbobi, musamman whales da giwaye, suna sadarwa mai nisa ta wannan hanya.Abin farin ciki, hums na halitta sun fi na wucin gadi kuma ba su da matsala a gare mu fiye da na asali na inji.

Infrasound sauti ne wanda ya ƙunshi raƙuman ruwa ƙasa da hawan keke 20 a sakan daya ko Hertz (Hz), wanda kuma zai iya zama daidaitaccen sashin biyan kuɗin hayar mota, ina tsammanin.An kiyasta cewa kusan kashi 2% zuwa 3% na yawan jama'a ne kawai ke iya jin sauti a wannan matakin.Yawancin mutane suna iya ji a cikin kewayon 20 zuwa 20,000 Hz.Sama da haka akwai duban dan tayi, kamar irin nau'in igiyoyin ruwa da ake amfani da su wajen duba lafiyar likita.

Bayan gaskiyar cewa infrasound na iya mamaye gidajenmu a kan 24-7 tushe, daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin shine mukan ji shi fiye da jin shi.Ta hanyar ma'anar, sauti shine jerin raƙuman matsi waɗanda ke yin canje-canje a hankali a cikin yanayin iska a cikin kunnenmu.Eardrum yana rawar jiki don amsa jujjuyawar matsa lamba, wanda sai kwakwalwa ta fassara da sauti.Abinda ke faruwa shine, taguwar ruwa da ke canza matsa lamba na iska za su yi rawar jiki ko da motsi ya yi jinkirin gane sauti.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa infrasound zai iya haifar da dizziness, vertigo, tashin zuciya, da damuwa barci.

Amma ba ɓangarorin kunnenmu ba ne kaɗai ke girgiza zuwa raƙuman sauti marasa ƙarfi.Dukkan sassan jikin dan adam suna da abin da ake kira "mitar resonant na injina," wanda shine tsayin daka wanda zai sa nama ya dan girgiza da kansa.Gwaje-gwajen ɗan adam sun gano cewa tasirin zuciya yana faruwa a 17 Hz;batutuwa sun ba da rahoton jin tsoro, halaka mai zuwa, da damuwa.Kuma a cikin bincike na 1976, NASA ta ƙaddara cewa ƙwallon ido na ɗan adam yana sake sakewa a tsawon 18 Hertz.

Wanne ne inda fatalwa ke shigowa. Ko aƙalla tattaunawa game da shi.A cikin 1998, wani mai bincike na Burtaniya mai suna Vic Tandy ya buga takarda da ake kira "Ghosts in the Machine" a cikin Journal of the Society for Psychical Research.A wani lokaci ya fara jin tsoro, sa'an nan kuma a wasu lokatai ya ga launin toka, mai kama da launin toka, yayin da yake aiki shi kadai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwajen kayan aikin likita.Wata rana ya danne wani foil mai shinge a cikin vise a dakin gwaje-gwaje don yin aiki a kai, sai jakar ta fara girgiza sosai.Ya gano cewa fanan iska da aka shigar kwanan nan yana girgiza a daidai 18.98 Hz.Lokacin da aka kashe, foil ɗin ya daina rawar jiki, kuma ya sami sauƙi kuma ya daina ganin abubuwa a cikin hangen nesa.Tun daga wannan lokacin, gwaje-gwajen da aka maimaita sun haifar da abubuwan da ba a gani ba.

Ɗaya daga cikin sanannun shari'o'in infrasound a cikin muhalli shine abin da ake kira "Windsor Hum" a cikin Windsor, yankin Ontario, wanda gwamnatin Kanada ta samo asali zuwa wani kayan aikin ƙarfe na Amurka a wani tsibiri a cikin kogin Detroit.Wannan ƙananan mita, 35-Hertz hum an ce yana da ƙarfi fiye da kowane lokaci tun lokacin da aka fara aiki a ƙarshen 2017 bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci.Tun daga shekarar 2011 aka fara yin huda, an samu rahotannin cewa wasu mazauna garin sun kaurace wa gudun hijirar da suke yi, wadanda suka hada da rashin barci da tashin zuciya.A cikin 2012, fiye da mazauna birni 20,000 sun shiga taron tarho kai tsaye don yin korafi game da lamarin.Abin baƙin ciki shine, Karfe na Amurka ya yi fatali da duk wani yunƙuri da hukumomin Kanada suka yi na ganawa da su don ƙoƙarin gyara matsalar.

Sanin sa irin wannan adadi mai yawa na mutane cikin wahala wanda dogon lokaci don neman kudi ya zama babban laifi na musamman.Ba kamar shari’ar laifukan yaƙi da kisan kiyashi ba, manufar Laifukan Against Humanity ba dole ba ne a haɗa shi da rikicin makami, kodayake ma’anarsa ta bambanta da ƙasa.Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta fara aiwatar da tsarin yin rikodin ta a cikin 2014. Wata doka ta yanzu ta bayyana shi a matsayin "...ayyukan rashin jin daɗi da gangan ke haifar da wahala mai tsanani, ko mummunan rauni ga jiki ko ga tunani ko lafiyar jiki."Babu wani mutum ko kamfani da ya kamata a bar shi ya yi garkuwa da lafiyar mutane.

A arewacin jihar NY, na sami irin wannan ham a cikin shekaru 15 ko fiye da suka gabata.Kodayake ya bambanta da ƙarfinsa, na ji shi daidai da ƙarfi daga Gouverneur zuwa Canton zuwa Massena.Hanyara ba ta da sabis na lantarki, don haka ba ni da kayan aikin gida da zai iya haifar da shi.Mafi sananne da dare, wani lokacin yana rufewa.A ƙarshen Nuwamba 2018 ya sake farawa bayan hutu, kuma yana da ƙarfi musamman a wannan lokacin.

Jin kyauta don raba ƙwarewar ku tare da infrasound hum a [email protected].Idan kun ji irin wannan yana yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar ku, ina ƙarfafa ku da ku tuntuɓi jami'an da kuka zaɓa.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

A bara maƙwabcina, wanda ke tsiro da sayar da namomin kaza - na shari'a - don rayuwa, ya ba da shawarar in yi wani labarin akan naman gwari na Kirsimeti wanda zai iya lissafin wasu siffofi na sihiri na wannan al'adar biki.Da farko na kawar da ra'ayinsa, ina tunanin wata kila ya cinye wani abu mara kyau a ranar, amma tun daga lokacin na ci karo da kwararan hujjoji da za su tabbatar da ra'ayinsa.

An rarraba shi a ko'ina cikin Arewacin Amirka, Turai, da Asiya daga yankuna masu zafi zuwa arewa mai nisa, Amanita muscaria wani naman kaza ne wanda ke girma a tsakanin itatuwan Pine, Birch da itacen oak.Haƙiƙa alama ce ta tushen waɗannan bishiyoyi, ta yin amfani da ɗan ƙaramin sukari daga tushensu amma yana ƙara ƙarfin ikon bishiyar na shan sinadirai da ruwa.Ba zai iya girma a waje da saitin daji.

Wani lokaci ana kiranta da fly agaric ko fly amanita saboda an yi amfani da shi wajen kashe kwari, A. muscaria babban naman kaza ne mai ja mai kyau (wani lokacin rawaya).Domed hula, wanda ke balaga yayin da yake girma, yana da dige-dige da manyan farare tabo, yana mai da shi ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun abin toadstools ko namomin kaza masu kyauta a duniya.Shi ne babban naman kaza mai digo na Alice a cikin Wonderland, littattafan canza launi, da wurin lambu.Ko da iyakoki na gnomes sau da yawa ana fentin su don kama da naman gwari na gardama.

Amanita muscaria kuma yana da kaddarorin psychoactive, kuma Laplanders masu gajiyar damuna suna cinye shi tsawon shekaru dubbai a matsayin karba-karba;ta Shaman Siberian da sauran masu yin aiki a cikin al'adun warkaswa;kuma ta daji reiner don-da kyau ba mu da tabbas.Yiwuwar tashi, amma ƙari akan wancan daga baya.Lallai akwai da yawa asusu na aikin barewa "bugu" bayan binciken wannan 'shroom.

Idan sunan Amanita ya yi kararrawa, yana iya kasancewa saboda gaskiyar cewa abin da ake kira mutuwa-cap, watakila mafi yawan naman kaza a duniya, dangi ne na kusa, Amanita phalloides.Mutuwar ta fito ne daga Turai da Asiya, amma an gabatar da ita bisa kuskure tare da shigo da bishiyoyi zuwa wasu wurare kaɗan a Arewacin Amurka.Ba kamar al'amarin da naman gwari da yawa, da gubar ba a neutralized da zafi, da kuma rabin hula isa ya halakar da hanta da kuma kodan na wani baligi mutum, yin "maganin rigakafi" kawai gabobin dasawa.

Baya ga zama mai hankali, agaric ɗin mu na farin ciki yana da guba, ko da yake ƙasa da haka.Kuma ga alama ana iya fassara shi “mafi aminci” (rahotanni sun ce har yanzu yana iya haifar da amai) ta hanyar zafi mai laushi ko rashin ruwa.A bayyane yake, zafi mai yawa yana ɗaukar duk abubuwan jin daɗi daga agaric gardama, kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi azaman naman kaza na dafa abinci da zarar an dafa shi kuma an watsar da ruwan farko.An ba da rahoton cewa, a Siberiya da sauran yankuna, an sanya A. muscaria a cikin safa kuma an rataye shi kusa da wuta.Ta wannan hanyar matsakaicin zafi zai ba su (namomin kaza, ba safa) lafiya don amfani da su na biki ko akasin haka.

Hannun jarin da ke cike da namomin kaza masu ja-da-fararen rataye da bututun hayaki tare da kulawa suna jin rashin jin daɗi.Kuma a, Uba Kirsimeti na iya sa tufafin ja da fari kuma yana iya ko ba zai iya kewaye kansa da gajere, squat, naman kaza-esque elves ba, amma na yi shakka game da duk wani haɗin gwiwar fungal tare da al'adun hutu na hunturu.Duk da haka, wani sauƙi mai binciken hoton yanar gizo don "adon Kirsimeti" ya zama bazillion (da kyau, 30,800,000) hotuna na kayan ado na itacen Amanita muscaria kuma ya sanya ni mai bi.

A cikin wasan Cheech Marin da Tommy Chong na 1971 mai ban dariya "Santa da Tsohuwar Lady," Cheech ya bayyana Santa Claus, "mutumin da ke da muƙamuƙi masu gashi," ga abokinsa.Sleigh na Santa's flying sleigh, a cewar Cheech, ana samun kuzari da "ƙurar sihiri," tare da "dan kadan don reiner, ɗan ga Santa, ɗan ƙarin don Santa, ɗan ƙarin don Santa ..." Watakila ban da kayan da suke so. shan taba, sun kuma san game da tashi agaric.

Don amfanin lafiyar jama'a, ina so in yi taka tsantsan game da gwada wannan naman gwari.Abu ɗaya, nassoshi sun nuna namomin kaza agaric da aka tsince a cikin bazara da lokacin rani na iya zama mafi ƙarfi sau 10 fiye da waɗanda aka tattara a fall.Kuma wannan kuskuren ƙididdiga na iya barin ku rashin lafiya na mako ɗaya ko fiye.Kuma a'a, ban gwada A. muscaria ba kuma ba ni da shirin yin hakan.

Ni ba malami ba ne, amma na ga yana da ban sha'awa cewa ƙarin tarko na zamani na Kirsimeti na zamani yana da alaƙa da tsohuwar al'adun hunturu a Siberiya.Amanita muscaria na iya taimakawa wajen bayyana jin daɗin da bai dace ba na Santa, jirginsa na sihiri, ba tare da ambaton zaɓin launuka don kwat ɗin sa ba, da miliyoyin kayan ado na naman kirsimeti suna da alaƙa kai tsaye.

Shawarata ita ce a guje wa fungi mai guba da kuma dillalan dillalai, da kuma nufin wani farin ciki na tsohon zamani wanda ba wani nau'i ko wani abu ya motsa ba.Barewa, ba shakka, za su yi nasu zaɓi.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Sai dai idan da gaske gyaran kwayoyin halitta ya fita daga hannu, tsohuwar magana game da kudi ba girma a kan bishiyoyi ba za ta kasance daidai ba.Ina tsammanin idan cinikin ya zama al'ada, duk da haka, masu noman 'ya'yan itace da na goro za su yi kaca-kaca a cikin kuɗin da ake shuka bishiya.Ƙididdigar farashin musayar zai iya zama ciwon kai sosai, ina tsammani.Farin pine na gabas ɗinmu, Pinus strobus, ba a la'akari da itace mai shuka amfanin gona kuma ba ya bayyana yana tsiro da kuɗi, aƙalla a wannan yanki, amma ya ba da 'ya'ya masu tsada ga ɗan adam duka iri ɗaya.

Bishiyoyin da suka fi tsayi a wannan gefen Rockies, farar pine har zuwa ƙafa 230 an rubuta su ta farkon masu yin katako.Zakaran Amurka na yanzu yana tsaye a ƙafa 188, kuma a cikin Adirondacks muna da farar pine da yawa waɗanda suka girma sama da ƙafa 150.Dangane da ganewa, farin Pine ya sa ya zama mai sauƙi, kasancewar ita ce kawai ciyawar pine daga Gabas da ke ɗauke da allura a daure biyar, ɗaya ga kowane harafi a cikin WHITE.Don bayyanawa, ba a rubuta haruffa a kan allura ba, kawai suna faɗi.

Duk da tsayi da ban sha'awa kamar yadda yake, a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata farar pine yana fama da rashin lafiya kuma yana sare shi ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta.Wanda ake kira Canavirgella needlecast da Mycosphaerella launin ruwan kasa, waɗannan fungi biyu sun daɗe da yawa, amma ba su taɓa samun matsala ba.Alamomin kamuwa da cuta sune allura waɗanda suka zama rawaya gaba ɗaya kuma suna raguwa cikin shekaru ɗaya ko fiye.Masana ilmin halitta da yawa sun yi imanin cewa canjin yanayin mu a Arewa maso Gabas, musamman dadewar lokacin da ba a karye ba, shi ne ya jawo wannan canjin hali.A tsakanin shekaru da yawa, fari na 2012, 2016, 2018 ya haifar da ƙananan danshi na ƙasa, raunana bishiyoyi don haka sun fi dacewa da cututtuka da kwari.

Farin Pine yana samar da cones masu ban sha'awa, tsayin inci shida zuwa tara, yana da ma'aunin guduro, wanda ya dace don farawa da wuta da kuma ƙara wreaths da sauran kayan adon biki (na iya son kiyaye waɗanda suke daga buɗe wuta).Wannan nau'in ya shahara saboda faffadansa na musamman kuma bayyananne, katako mai launin haske da ake amfani da shi don shimfida ƙasa, fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen buraka da sheathing har ma ga membobin ginin.An gina New England akan farar pine, kuma a wasu tsoffin gidaje, ana iya samun ainihin katakon katako na Pine na ban mamaki.Abin ban sha'awa kamar yadda katako yake da shi, kyautar farin Pine mafi daraja ba ta ganuwa.Kuma da fatan ba za a iya raba su ba.

Tsakanin shekaru dubu da goma sha biyu da suka gabata a nan arewa maso gabas, jihohi biyar na asali sun yanke shawarar cewa sun kashe makamashi mai yawa wajen jayayya kan iyakoki da albarkatu.Tare da taimakon shugaba mai hangen nesa, sun tsara tsarin mulkin tarayya don warware matsalolin da ke tsakanin jihohi, wanda ya bar kowace kasa ta zama mai cin gashin kanta.

Farin pine, tare da alluransa guda biyar da aka haɗa a gindin, sun taimaka ƙarfafa sabon tsarin tarayya.Ya kasance alamar da ta dace ga wannan Ƙungiya, Iroquois, ko Haudenosaune kamar yadda suke kiran kansu.Itacen itace, kuma an siffanta shi da gaggafa mai sanko, kibiyoyi biyar sun manne a cikin ƙugunta don nuna ƙarfi cikin haɗin kai, suna zaune a samanta.

Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi zaɓaɓɓun shugabanni hamsin waɗanda ke zaune a majalisun dokoki biyu, tare da shugaban ƙasa guda ɗaya.A tarihi, mata ne kawai za su iya yin zabe.Haka kuma mata suna da ikon tsige shugabanni ba tare da yin aiki da maslahar jama'a ba, kuma suna iya yin watsi da duk wata doka da suke ganin kutsawa ko rashin hangen nesa.Ana sa ran kowane sarki zai iya karanta kundin tsarin mulkin Iroquois tun daga ma'ana, abin da har yanzu ake aiwatar da shi a wasu wuraren ajiya, kuma yana ɗaukar kwanaki tara cikakke don kammalawa.

Benjamin Franklin da James Monroe sun yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa game da ƙungiyar Iroquois, kuma musamman Franklin ya bukaci yankuna goma sha uku da su rungumi irin wannan ƙungiya.Lokacin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta hadu don tsara kundin tsarin mulki, shugabannin Iroquois sun halarci, ta hanyar gayyata, na tsawon lokaci a matsayin masu ba da shawara.

Daga cikin tutocin juyin juya hali na farko akwai jerin Tutocin Bishiyar Pine, kuma farar pine ya kasance akan tutar jihar Vermont.Mikiya, ko da yake an cire shi daga ciyawar itacen pine, ko da yaushe yakan zauna akan kudin Amurka, tarin kibiyoyi goma sha uku a cikin takunta.Ina tsammanin a ma'anar misali, kuɗinmu ya girma akan bishiya.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Har ma Santa Claus da kansa ba zai iya ba da fata ga farin Kirsimeti ba - tsabar kudi ce ko za a rufe biki ko dusar ƙanƙara a wannan shekara.Kyawawan shimfidar wuri ba shine manufa ta Kirsimeti ba, amma zamu iya ci gaba da ci gaba da koren baya a Arewacin kasar, kuma mu kiyaye bishiyoyinmu na Kirsimeti da sauran lafuzzan sabo da kore na dogon lokaci, lokacin da muka sayi bishiyoyi da furanni na gida.

Ba wai itatuwan Kirsimeti ba ne kawai albarkatun da za a iya sabunta su ba, suna haɓaka tattalin arzikin gida.Ko da ba ku da lokacin da za ku yanke kanku a gonar itace, yi wa kanku alheri a wannan shekara kuma ku sayi bishiyar halitta daga wani mai siyar da gida.Ita ko shi za ta iya taimaka maka zaɓi mafi kyawun nau'in don abin da kake so, kuma ya sanar da kai yadda sabo suke.Wasu bishiyoyi a manyan kantunan tallace-tallace ana yanke makonni, idan ba watanni ba, kafin su bayyana a shaguna.

Akwai ƙarin dalili don siyan gida a cikin 2018: Ma'aikatar Noma da Kasuwa ta NYS ta ba da sanarwar keɓe kan bishiyar Kirsimeti da ba ta cikin jihar don hana yaduwar sabon kwarin kwari.Lanternfly da aka hange (SLF) babban kwaro ne na nau'ikan bishiyoyi da yawa, da inabi da sauran amfanin gona iri-iri, amma yana sha'awar maples musamman.An fara gano shi a Pennsylvania a cikin 2014, wannan bugu na Asiya mai kashe bishiya ya bazu zuwa New Jersey, Delaware, da Virginia.Matan SLF suna kwance ƙwayayen da aka kama su akan kusan komai, kuma a cikin 2017, an sami yawan ƙwai akan bishiyar Kirsimeti da aka girma a New Jersey, wanda ya haifar da keɓewa.

Daga cikin duk abubuwan da ba a mantawa da su ba na lokacin biki, babu abin da ke haifar da ruhinsa kamar warin Pine, spruce ko bishiyar fir, wreath ko garland.Ko da yake galibin gidajen Amurka da ake bikin Kirsimati sun koma bishiyar wucin gadi, kusan iyalai miliyan goma har yanzu suna kawo gida itace ta gaske.

Kowane nau'in conifer yana da nasa gauraya na terpenols masu kamshi da esters waɗanda ke lissafin turarensu na “piney woods”.Wasu mutane sun fi son ƙamshin wani nau'in bishiya, mai yiwuwa wanda suke da shi tun suna yara.Bishiyar Kirsimeti ta dabi'a ita ce, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, katon biki potpourri.Babu dakin gwaje-gwajen sinadarai da zai iya sanya bishiyar filastik kamshi kamar sabon Pine, fir ko spruce.

Asalin bishiyar Kirsimeti ba su da tabbas, amma wasu tsofaffin mutane, ciki har da Masarawa, sun yi amfani da itatuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba, da furanni, da rassansu don nuna alamar rai madawwami.A cikin Jamus na ƙarni na goma sha shida, Martin Luther ya taimaka wajen haɓaka al'adar bishiyar Kirsimeti ta cikin gida ta hanyar kawo furen da ba a taɓa gani ba cikin gidansa kuma ya yi masa ado da kyandirori.Shekaru aru-aru bayan haka, a ko da yaushe ana shigo da itatuwan Kirsimeti cikin gidaje a ranar 24 ga Disamba, kuma ba a cire su ba sai bayan bukin Epiphany na Kirista a ranar 6 ga Janairu.

Dangane da abubuwan da aka fi so na taron jama'a, fir-Douglas, balsam, da Fraser-suna shahara sosai, furanni masu kamshi.Grand da concolor fir suna wari sosai.Lokacin da aka ajiye shi cikin ruwa, firs duk suna da kyakkyawar riƙewar allura.Pines kuma suna kiyaye alluransu da kyau.Yayin da farin pine namu ya fi ƙamshi fiye da Scots (ba Scotch ba; wato na Santa) pine, ƙarshen ya wuce na baya, maiyuwa saboda ƙwararrun Scots na iya ɗaukar kayan ado da yawa ba tare da rassansa sun faɗo ba.Ba wai kawai spruces suna da rassa masu tsayi ba, suna da siffar pyramidal mai ƙarfi.Spruces bazai zama kamar ƙamshi kamar fir ko pine ba, amma suna da babban zaɓi ga waɗanda suke son bishiyoyin gajere.

Aikin hajji na shekara-shekara don zaɓar itace na gaske tare ya kasance ga iyalai da yawa, nawa sun haɗa da, al'adar biki mai daraja, lokacin haɗin gwiwa.Ka sani, al'ada thermos na zafi cakulan;al'adar yara ta rasa akalla mitten guda, da kuma lokaci-girmamawa-da-na nufin tattaunawa - game da itacen da za a yanke.Kyawawan kamshi, da kyakkyawan tunani.

Don mafi kyawun ƙamshi da riƙewar allura, yanke "kuki" inch ɗaya zuwa 2 daga tushe kafin sanya bishiyar ku a tsaye, kuma cika tafki kowane kwana biyu.Bincike ya nuna samfuran da ke da'awar tsawaita rayuwar allura ba sa aiki da gaske, don haka adana kuɗin ku.Fitilar LED ba sa bushewar allura kamar yadda tsohon salon ya yi, kuma suna da sauƙi akan lissafin wutar lantarki kuma.

Ziyarci www.christmastreesny.org/SearchFarm.php don nemo wata gonar bishiya ta kusa, kuma ana iya samun cikakkun bayanan keɓewa a www.agriculture.ny.gov/AD/release.asp?ReleaseID=3821 An buga Bayani akan lanternfly da aka hange a https http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/113303.html

Ko menene al'adarku, bari 'yan uwanku, abokai, da kayan marmari duk su kasance masu wadataccen ruwa, mai daɗi da kuma tushen abin tunawa mai dorewa a wannan lokacin biki.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Watertown yana shirin zama Babban Birnin Emerald, amma wannan ba labari bane mai kyau.Jefferson da Lewis ba da daɗewa ba za su zama yankunan Emerald, kuma gundumar St. Lawrence ta fara aiwatar da canjin shekaru biyu da suka wuce.Abin takaici, irin wannan sauyi ba ya haɗa da ƙarshen farin ciki.

Lokacin da Emerald ash borer (EAB) ya kashe toka, wani abu ya faru wanda ba a taɓa gani ba - itacen ya zama mai gaguwa kuma yana da haɗari da sauri, fiye da komai a cikin kwarewarmu a Arewacin Amurka kafin wannan.Shugabannin kananan hukumomi, jami'an DOT, masu katako, masu yin katako, manoma da sauran masu kula da filaye suna bukatar a sanar da su da kyau domin a zauna lafiya da kuma guje wa abin da ya dace.

Kira shi kamuwa da cuta ko annoba, amma nan ba da jimawa ba har ma da mafi kyawun titin layin bishiya da katako mai kulawa da kyau zai zama kamar wani abu daga cikin dajin Fangorn na Tolkein da ke barazana ga Ubangijinsa na Zobba.Bishiyoyin mu na toka ba za su zama masu ramuwar gayya ba, amma za su yi haɗari ga wasu dalilai.

A cikin watan Agustan 2017, masu aikin sa kai na 'yan kasa da Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Jihar New York (NYSDEC) ta horar da su sun gano Emerald ash borer a cikin wani tarkon EAB a cikin gundumar St. Lawrence da ke Hammond, kuma daga baya a wannan shekarar, an sami babban bala'i a kusa da Massena. .Masu gandun daji daga St. Regis Mohawk Tribal Environment Division suma sun tabbatar da EAB da yawa a gundumar Franklin a cikin 2017.

A farkon wannan bazara, masu sa kai sun kama EAB a wasu wurare na arewacin NY, gami da kan iyakar gundumar Jefferson ta kudu.Hukumar NYSDEC ba ta fitar da bayanan karshe na shirin tarko na 2018 ba, amma muna sa ran tabbatarwa a wasu fannoni.Hakika, za mu gaji da jin labarin wannan ƙwaro mai lalata itace da kuma yadda za ta shafe bishiyar toka.Bayan haka, chestnuts da elms sun mutu kuma duniya ba ta ƙare ba.Bambancin yana cikin girman haɗarin da ke tattare da shi.

Yawancin lokaci idan kwaro, cuta ko ambaliya ta kashe itace mai lafiya, yana tsaye a can shekaru 5, 10 ko fiye.Idan ba ku bayyana a cikin shekaru 15 ba, yana bushewa, yana yin wani abu game da rashin da'a na aiki, kuma ya ƙare.Ka yi la'akari da dukan matattun bishiyoyi a cikin tafkunan beaver da ke tsaye na tsawon shekaru goma ko fiye kamar yadda herons ke zaune a cikin rawanin bleached.Bayan da ƙwanƙolin ƙirjin ya shafe wannan nau'in, an sami rahotannin matattun matattun da suka rage a tsaye har tsawon shekaru 30 ko fiye.

Amma Emerald ash borer yana da tasiri na musamman akan bishiyar toka da yake kashewa.Toka wanda ya kai ga EAB ya zama mai haɗari a cikin ƙasa da shekara guda, kuma bayan shekaru biyu kawai, sun fara tsalle kan motoci, manyan motoci da bas ɗin ƴan makaranta.Hakan ya dan yi nisa, amma mutane da dama sun samu raunuka, kuma gidaje da motoci da dama sun lalace sakamakon kamuwa da EAB.A Ohio, wata motar bas din makaranta ta buge da wata babbar bishiyar toka da EAB ta kashe, inda ta raunata dalibai 5 da direban, kuma ta yi kyau kwarai da gaske.

Babu wanda da alama yana da cikakken bayani game da wannan saurin da babban asarar ƙarfin itace, amma zan wuce abin da muka sani.A cewar kungiyar Davey Resource Group, reshen tuntuba da bincike na Davey Tree, karfin juzu'i na itacen toka yana fuskantar raguwa sau biyar bayan bishiyar ta kamu da EAB.Bishiyoyi suna zama masu haɗari da sauri ta yadda Davey Tree ba za ta ƙyale masu hawanta su shiga cikin kowace toka da ke nuna raguwa 20% ko fiye ba.

In the words of Mike Chenail, an International Society of Arboriculture Certified Arborist from Pennsylvania, “Two realities make an ash tree killed by EAB especially dangerous.EAB yana katse kwararar ruwa da abubuwan gina jiki ta bishiyar.Bugu da ƙari, kwarin yana haifar da dubban raunukan fita.Dukansu sun haɗa kai don su bushe itacen kuma su mai da ita gagara.

Ɗaya daga cikin batutuwan shi ne cewa itacen sapwood, mafi girman itacen itace, yana bushewa da sauri.Tunda itacen sapwood na iya zama ɗan inci kaɗan kawai, samun shi ba zato ba tsammani ba zai yi kama da yawa ba.Jerry Bond, Mashawarci Urban Forester kuma tsohon Malami na Cornell Extension, ya bayyana min ta haka: “Kashi casa’in na ƙarfin tsarin bishiyar yana zaune ne a cikin kashi goma na gangar jikin.”Watau, lokacin da itacen sapwood ya raunana, babu wani ƙarfi da ya rage a cikin bishiyar.

Maiyuwa ne kuma akwai wani fuskar hoton.Labari daga masu sana'ar kiwo da sauran ma'aikatan bishiyar na nuni da yadda wasu itacen toka suka yi kamari a cikin wani yanayi na ban mamaki da aka yi fama da shi.Ba a san yadda yaɗuwa ko mahimmancin hakan ba tukuna.

Amma babu daya daga cikin wadannan da gaske batu.Maganar ita ce, waɗanda suke aiki ko ba da lokaci mai yawa a cikin dazuzzuka, kuma duk wanda ke da alhakin kare lafiyar wasu yana buƙatar sanin cewa lokacin da EAB ya kashe bishiyar toka, suna da bambanci.

Masu Woodlot, Masu Kula da Gari da Kauye, Membobin Gari, 'Yan Majalisun NNY County, arborists, manoma da sauran waɗanda ke son koyon yadda za su shirya don EAB an yi kira ga su halarci taron bayanin EAB mai zuwa a Ginin Adams Municipal, 3 South Main Street, Adams, NY ranar Laraba, Nuwamba 14, 2018 daga 8:30 na safe zuwa 12:00 na yamma.Masu gabatarwa sun haɗa da wakilai daga NYSDEC, National Grid da sauransu.Zaman kyauta ne, amma don Allah a ba da RSVP ga Mike Giocondo a cikin ofishin NYSDEC Lowville a (315) 376-3521 ko [adireshin imel]

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Da Alhazai sun san irin babban al'amarin Godiya zai kasance a Amurka da babu shakka sun dauki hotuna.Ko da menu ya ɓace mana, kodayake tarihin baka na Wampanoag, da ƴan rasidun kayan abinci na mahajjata da masana ilimin kimiya suka gano, sun nuna cewa akwai masara, wake da kabewa da tsuntsaye da nama.Bayan haka akwai yuwuwar an sami ƙwanƙolin ƙirji, shaƙar rana ("Urushalima" artichokes), cranberries da nau'ikan abincin teku.

Yawancin masana tarihi sun yi imanin cewa Alhazai duka sun mutu a lokacin hunturu na 1620 idan ba don abinci da Wampanoags ke bayarwa ba, wanda ƙasar da suka keɓe.A cikin bazara na 1621, Wampanoags ya bai wa Mahajjata iri amfanin gona, da kuma koyawa (wataƙila App; ba za mu iya tabbata ba) kan samarwa, adanawa da adana kayan amfanin gona da suka haɗa da masara, wake, da squash.

Wannan faɗuwar-ba mu ma da tabbacin ko Oktoba ne ko Nuwamba ba—Maniyata sun yi godiya ga aikin noma na ƴan asalin ƙasar Amirka, kuma sun ci kyautarsa na kwana uku kai tsaye.Wataƙila Wampanoags sun yi godiya cewa babu ƙarin jiragen ruwa cike da Mahajjata a sararin sama a lokacin.

Sha'ir ita ce kawai amfanin gona da Turawa suka yi noman da Mahajjata suka yi noma a 1621. Abin baƙin ciki, sun kasance kamar ba su san za a iya ci ba.Abin da ya fi dacewa, duk da haka, shine cewa akwai wadataccen giya a abincin dare na godiya.

Yayin da masara, wake da kabewa, "'Yan Uku Sisters," suka kasance, kuma suna girma da yawa daga jama'ar Amurkawa, sauran amfanin gona na asali za su yi godiya ga tebur na godiya na Amurka a wannan shekara.Wataƙila za ku sami appetizers don kamfani kafin abincin dare.Mixed goro, kowa?Gyada ita ce babban amfanin gona na ɗan ƙasar Amurka.Pecans da tsaba sunflower, kuma.Kuma kowa yana son guntun masara tare da tsoma, daidai?Waɗancan barkono masu zafi (kuma masu daɗi) da tumatir a cikin salsa abinci ne na Amurkawa.An fi son tsoma da avocado?Ee, wani abinci na asali.Haka kuma ga popcorn.

Turkawa, wadanda ’yan asalin gida suka yi kiwonsu tun kafin haduwar Turawa, ba shakka ’yan asali ne ga Sabuwar Duniya.An zaɓi nau'ikan turkey na zamani don jikin masu nauyi, amma su ne ainihin nau'in nau'in turkey ɗin mu, wanda kewayo ya tashi daga kudancin Mexico zuwa arewacin Kanada.

Amma da yawa daga cikin “gyara” da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Bikin Godiya ta yau suma sun fito ne daga Sabuwar Duniya.Cranberry sauce misali ne mai kyau (wani nau'in Vaccinium mai dangantaka yana faruwa a arewacin Turai, amma berries sun fi ƙanƙanta fiye da nau'in cranberry da aka samu a nan, wanda yanzu an yi gida a duniya).

Kuma ba zai zama Thanksgiving ba tare da dunƙule dankali don jiƙa da miya ba.Fari ("Irish") dankali sabon amfanin gona ne na Duniya, kamar yadda dankalin turawa suke.Za mu iya gode wa masana aikin gona na ’yan asalin Amirka saboda koren wake da wake na Lima.Kar ku manta da ciyawar-'yan ƙasar sun sami nau'o'in iri da yawa, ciki har da Hubbard da butternut squash, da kabewa, waɗanda a zahiri su ne squash na hunturu.

Wanne ya kawo mu ga gunkin godiyar kabewa mai ban sha'awa - Ina tsammanin kusan kowa yana godiya da wannan magani.Babu wani abu da ke tafiya tare da kek kamar ice cream, wanda ba daga Sabuwar Duniya ba, amma wasu abubuwan dandano masu kyau.Maple-walnut yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan ice cream na farko a cikin New England, dandano na asali guda biyu waɗanda suka haɗu tare da shahara.Duk da yake ba daga Arewa maso Gabas ba, vanilla daga Amurka ne, haka kuma cakulan.Idan kun ƙara wasu toppings kamar strawberry ko blueberry (ko da abarba) miya, za ku sami ƙarin abinci na Amirkawa don kayan zaki.

Fatan ku duka farin ciki da lafiya Godiya, cike da iyali da godiya.Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, za mu iya yin godiya ga ’yan asalin ƙasar da amfanin gonakinsu.Amma don Allah, kar a zargi masana aikin gona na Ƙasashen farko idan kuna buƙatar kwance bel ɗin ku ɗaya ko biyu daga baya.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Lokacin da ya fara bayyana shekaru tamanin da suka wuce, an ce Superman ya kasance "ya fi sauri fiye da harsashi."Tabbas wasu harsasai suna tashi da sauri fiye da sauran, amma a cikin 1938, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici ya tashi daga kusan 400 mph don .38 na musamman zuwa kusan 580 mph don atomatik .45.A cikin haɗarin samun kan mummunan gefen Superman, Ina tambaya ko zai iya wuce AR-15 .223 zagaye na yau da kullun tare da mil 2,045 a kowace awa.Bugu da kari ya girma yanzu.A gaskiya, ina mamakin ko ya isa ya kama shuka mai sauri.

Duban waje da sauri yana tabbatar mana cewa tsire-tsire ba sa fitowa a hannu, ko kuma idan sun kasance, suna matsawa a hankali don auna ci gaban su.Abu mai kyau, idan aka yi la’akari da yadda muke tumɓuke ciyayi, da yanke ciyawa, da saran gaɓoɓin bishiyu.Idan tsire-tsire za su iya skull game da neman fansa, ba wanda zai yi barci mai kyau da dare.Gaskiyar ita ce, tsire-tsire sukan zauna a wuri.Duk wani mai lambu zai iya gaya muku cewa ko da slugs na iya kama tsire-tsire.Don haka yana da wahala a ba da shawarar cewa Mutumin Karfe ya yi hankali fiye da haka.

Akwai bambanci tsakanin motsi da sauri da motsi.Tsire-tsire na iya samun kafe, amma ba duka suke zaune ba.Yawancin yara suna jin daɗi a hankali lokacin da suka haɗu da mimosa, ko shuka mai mahimmanci.Lokacin da aka taɓa ganyen, ganyen sa yana ninka sama a cikin daƙiƙa guda a cikin tsari, idan ba a yi gaggawa ba.Tsire-tsire na Mimosa suna koyo daga gogewa, kodayake, kuma idan kun yi ganye akai-akai, yana ɗaukar hutu daga amsawa na sa'o'i da yawa.

Mutane masu shekaru daban-daban galibi suna sha'awar Venus flytrap, tsire-tsire masu cin nama wanda ke rufewa akan kwari, sannan ya ƙirƙiri jakar iska ta narkar da waɗanda abin ya shafa a cikin vegi-ciki na waje mai cike da acid.Duk da sunansa, ƙudaje na cin abinci galibi akan tururuwa da gizo-gizo, wasu ƙwaro da ciyayi, amma kwari kaɗan ne.Tare da saurin amsawa fiye da mimosa, zai iya rufe tarko a cikin millise seconds 100.

Yana kuma iya ƙidaya.Lokacin da aka taɓa ɗayan gashin da ke jawo shi, tarkon yana buɗewa, amma idan aka kunna gashin na biyu a cikin daƙiƙa 20, tarkon yana rufe.Ba a gamsu da wannan aikin ba, shukar bogin cin nama na gaba ya ƙidaya zuwa biyar.Wato yana ɗaukar ƙarin abubuwan da ke haifar da gashi guda biyar daga gizo-gizo mai murɗawa kafin ya rufe makullin iska da famfo a cikin hydrochloric acid.Idan kun taɓa samun tarko a cikin muƙamuƙin ƙaton shuka mai cin nama, ku tuna wannan darasi: Kada ku yi kokawa.Ci gaba da kasancewa har tsawon sa'o'i 12, kuma jaws za su sake buɗewa.Marabanku.

Venus flytrap ana samun shi a cikin dausar dausayi zuwa kudancin mu, amma muna da tsiron da ya fi tashi sama da tashi.Dwarf dogwood ko bunchberry shine furen daji na gama gari wanda ya fi son ƙasa mai sanyi.Wani lokaci ana samunsa a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu kama da tabarma, yana da gungu na berries masu haske, da furanni waɗanda ke ba NASA kunya.Furen bunchberry yana buɗewa a cikin miliyon 0.5, an ba da rahoton cewa yana fitar da pollen sa a 2,000 zuwa 3,000 ƙarfin nauyi (G), wanda zai lalata ɗan sama jannati, wanda yawanci ba ya jin sama da 3G yayin ƙaddamarwa.Babu wanda ya san dalilin da ya sa bunchberry ke yin haka, ban da nunawa, tun da yawancin nau'in kudan zuma ne ke gurbata shi.

Amma saurin motsi na masarautan shuka shine farin bishiyar mulberry.Asalinsa ne a kasar Sin, an yada shi a ko'ina cikin duniya, domin ya zama dole wajen kiwon tsummoki, wanda a cikin shekaru 4,000 da suka wuce ke samar da siliki na duniya (ba irin tsutsotsi iri daya ba; ba su dadewa haka).Lokacin da catkins na bishiyar Mulberry (namiji) suna da kyau kuma suna shirye, suna buɗewa a cikin 25 microseconds ko 0.025 milliseconds, suna yada pollen su a kusan 350 mph, kawai fiye da rabin saurin sauti.Ba kamar bunchberry ba, mulberries suna pollinated iska, kuma suna iya amfana daga dabarun pollen-bam.

Kamar yadda waɗannan abubuwan ke da ban sha'awa, babu wanda da gaske ya fahimci ainihin hanyoyin da tsire-tsire ke tafiya da sauri ta yadda mafi girman saurin daukar hoto ba zai iya daukar nauyin abubuwan da suka faru ba.Abin da muke bukata shine wanda ya fi sauri fiye da shuka mai sauri don bincika wannan gaba.Ina mamakin ko babban jarumin da ya tsufa zai iya yiwuwa a sa shi cikin irin wannan ƙoƙarin.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Ko da ainihin ma'anarsa ba a ƙarshen harshen ku ba, yawancin kowa yana samun ma'anar abin da ake nufi da kalmar biogas-akwai ilimin halitta, kuma sakamakon shine gas.Mutum na iya tsammani abin jin daɗi ne a cikin iska a cikin bas ɗin da ke ɗauke da ƙungiyar masu cin sauerkraut gida bayan gasar karshen mako.Wasu za su ce gas ɗin biogas shine ƙwanƙolin saniya, ko ruɓaɓɓen kwan-kwai-kumbura da ke yawo a sama lokacin da ƙafarku ta nutse cikin ruwan fadama.

Waɗannan su ne duk misalan iskar gas, wanda ya ƙunshi farko na methane, CH4, a yawan adadin daga 50% zuwa 60%.Methane yana da ƙonewa sosai, kuma ana iya amfani dashi a maimakon iskar gas don zafi ko sarrafa injunan konewa na ciki don samar da wutar lantarki da sauran aikace-aikace.An samar da shi ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a ƙarƙashin yanayin anaerobic, iskar gas ce mai ƙarfi sau ashirin da takwas fiye da carbon dioxide a tarko zafi a cikin yanayin duniya.Kasancewar zai iya zama da amfani idan aka yi amfani da shi amma yana da haɗari idan aka sake shi shi ya sa muke bukatar mu kama iskar gas ɗin da ake kashewa ta hanyar zubar da ƙasa, ramukan taki, da kuma wata rana, ƙila ma saniya fashe.

Da kanta, methane ba shi da launi kuma ba shi da wari, amma sau da yawa yana ratayewa tare da abokai marasa dadi kamar hydrogen sulfide, H2S, wanda ke da alhakin ruɓaɓɓen kamshin da muke haɗuwa da farts da gas na fadama.Ba duk abubuwan da ake amfani da su na biogas ba daidai suke ba-kayan da aka ba su ta hanyar zubar da ƙasa an gurbata su da siloxane daga man shafawa da wanki, kuma iskar gas ɗin da ake samun taki na iya ƙunsar nitrous oxide, N2O.Siloxane, nitrous oxide, da iskar hydrogen sulfide suna da guba a babban taro, kuma suna da lalacewa sosai.Yawancin lokaci suna ƙonewa ba tare da lahani ba idan aka yi amfani da su don zafi, amma dole ne a cire su idan ana so a yi amfani da gas na bioga don kunna injin.

Kamar yadda aka ambata, methane yana faruwa lokacin da kwayoyin halitta suka lalace a cikin yanayin rashin oxygen.Wannan ya haifar da fashewar iskar gas mai yawa a cikin rumfunan ƙasa a faɗin Amurka da Turai, galibi a cikin 1960s da 1970s, kodayake jerin abubuwan da suka faru a Ingila a cikin 1980 sun haifar da tsauraran ƙa'idoji a wannan ƙasa game da tattara gas.Yawan fashewar fashewar abubuwa a wuraren juji yana raguwa sosai a cikin 'yan lokutan, amma har yanzu yana faruwa.Wani juji a Walt Disney World a Orlando ya kama wuta a shekara ta 1998. A 2006, Sojojin Amurka (waɗanda ba a keɓe su daga dokokin muhalli da yawa) sun kwashe gidaje goma sha biyu kusa da ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin rumbunan ta a Fort Meade, Maryland saboda yawan matakan methane.

Duk da cewa yana ba da fa'idodi kamar samar da wutar lantarki, hako gas mai cike da ƙasa yana da mahimmanci don lafiya da aminci.Amma kuma da gangan ake samar da sinadarin biogas a wani abu da ake kira methane digester, wanda a tunanina wata kalma ce ta saniya.Duk da sunan, waɗannan abubuwa ba sa narke methane.Maimakon haka suna amfani da taki na dabbobi, najasa na birni, datti na gida, da sauran kwayoyin halitta don samar da methane, wanda da ba haka ba zai kasance a cikin yanayi.

Ainihin tsari shine: injin daskarewa yana cika da taki na dabba ko duk abin da kuka fi so shine, kuma bayan tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta guda 4 da ɗan lokaci kaɗan za ku ƙare da slurry "narke" wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don taki. da biogas.Fasahar digester na iya aiki daga babban sikelin masana'antu zuwa ƙaramin rukunin bayan gida wanda ke aiki akan sharar gida.

A kusan kashi 60% na methane, digester biogas shine mafi kyawun man fetur fiye da iskar gas, wanda ya kai kusan 50% CH4.Ana iya amfani da iskar gas daga injin narke kai tsaye don dafa abinci ko dumama, amma sai an sarrafa shi kafin a yi amfani da shi.Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shi don sarrafa injunan konewa na cikin gida, ana iya shigar da iskar gas ɗin “scrubbed”, wanda kusan methane mai tsafta ne, a cikin grid ɗin iskar gas, ko kuma a matsa a sayar da shi zuwa kasuwanni masu nisa.

A kwanakin nan, ana ƙarfafa manoman dabbobi da su sanya methane digester a matsayin ƙarin hanyar samun kuɗi ko don daidaita farashin dumama.Masu narkewa suna rage fitar da hayaki mai gurbata yanayi, kuma taki da aka sarrafa a cikin narkar da abinci yana riƙe da nitrogen fiye da taki da aka adana a cikin buɗaɗɗen iska.Ba aikin tiyatar kwakwalwa bane, amma akwai tsarin koyo, da kuma abubuwan da ake amfani da su na aiki.Ana inganta ra'ayin a yanzu, amma ba shi da nisa daga sabo.

Sinawa sun tsunduma cikin narkewar methane tun daga shekara ta 1960, kuma a cikin shekarun 1970 sun yada wani abu kamar narkewar gida miliyan shida ga manoma.A halin yanzu, masu narkar da abinci na gida sun zama ruwan dare a Indiya, Pakistan, Nepal, da sassan Afirka.A mafi girman sikeli, Jamus ita ce kan gaba wajen samar da iskar gas a Turai, tare da samar da wutar lantarki kusan 6,000.Har ila yau Jamus tana da abubuwan ƙarfafawa da tallafi ga manoma da sauran su don yin amfani da fasahar narkewa.

Cryo Pur, wani kamfani na Faransa da ke Palaiseau, a wajen Paris, kwanan nan ya ɓullo da hanyar mataki ɗaya don cire CO2 da sauran ƙazanta daga iskar gas ta amfani da cryogenics.Saboda matsanancin yanayin zafi, gas ɗin biogas yana cikin ruwa a cikin tsari, wanda ke ba da damar jigilar shi da aminci.

Cornell Cooperative Extension zai dauki nauyin taron bita mai zurfi na kananan gonaki a wannan hunturu.Za a maimaita karatun a ranaku daban-daban guda uku a Cornell Cooperative Extension Learning Farm, 2043 Jiha Highway 68, Canton.Yayin da aka yi niyya zuwa ga ƙananan gonakin kiwo, masu sana'ar dabbobi & lambu, da waɗanda ke da sha'awar samar da makamashi madadin ana maraba.Mahalarta za su iya zaɓar ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ranaku uku: Laraba, Disamba 5, 2018 10:00 AM - 2:00 PM, Alhamis, Fabrairu 7, 2019, 10:00 AM - 2:00 PM, ko Laraba, Maris 6, 2019, 6:00 PM - 9:00 PM.

Azuzuwan kyauta ne kuma sun haɗa da ɗan ƙaramin kuɗi da abinci.Ana buƙatar rajista.Don yin rajista ko don ƙarin bayani, kira Cornell Cooperative Extension na St. Lawrence County a (315) 379-9192.

Kuna iya koyan komai game da ƙananan sikelin methane digesters, amma a iya sanina babu wani amfani na sirri na musamman.Idan kun ci sauerkraut da yawa za ku bari kawai narkewa ya gudana.Nisantar wasu, don Allah.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Matata ta francophone tana yawan jin daɗi yayin da na fara apprendre la langue, kamar lokacin da na ce connard lokacin da nake nufi canard.Ga masu magana da Ingilishi guda ɗaya a can, canard na nufin duck, yayin da m daidai da connard kalma ce da ke daɗaɗa da "spithead," kuma ba ku son yaranku su faɗi.Amma inda aka damu mallards da sauran ducks-ducks, biyun suna da alaƙa.Drake (namiji) na iya zama cikakken connard wani lokaci.

Ka'idar Darwiniyanci "tsira da mafificin rai" ba koyaushe bane game da wanda ya ci nasara a gwagwarmayar tururuwa ko fafatawar kokawa.Fitness yana nufin dacewa da yanayin mutum don ya rayu tsawon lokaci don haifuwa kuma ta haka ya ba da DNA na mutum.Fiye da komai, yana nufin zama mai daidaitawa.

Mallard, watakila mafi kyawun agwagwa a Arewacin Amurka tare da drake mai launin kore mai sheki, lissafin lemu mai haske da farar kwala, na iya zama mafi kyawun nau'in halitta.A zahiri, masanin ilimin halittu na Jami'ar Alberta Lee Foote ya kira su "Chevy Impala na agwagwa."Ga waɗanda ke ƙasa da 30, Impala da aka taɓa zama a ko'ina ya kasance manufa duka, kusan sedan mai hana harsashi.

Ba kamar motoci ba, inda matasan ke da kyau amma ba su da 'yanci, mallard hybrids sun zama ruwan dare ta yadda sauran agwagi na iya ɓacewa nan ba da jimawa ba a matsayin nau'in jinsin daban-daban.Yawanci, siffa mai ma'anar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i)) shine rashin iya hayewa tare da wasu nau'o'in don haifar da 'ya'ya, ko a kalla ba masu haihuwa ba.Mallards, a bayyane yake, ba su karanta littattafan ba.Ina ƙin shi lokacin da yanayi ya yi haka.

Mallards akai-akai suna haɗuwa da bakaken agwagi na Amurka, amma kuma suna haifuwa da aƙalla wasu nau'ikan dozin guda goma, a wasu lokuta yana haifar da asara ko kuma kusan bacewar nau'ikan.A cewar Cibiyar Bayanai ta Duniya ta Invasive Species Database (GISD), "Sakamakon [na mallard interbreeding], duck na Mexico ba a la'akari da nau'in nau'i kuma ƙasa da 5% na ducks masu launin toka na New Zealand ba su kasance ba."

Wasu agwagi sun tafi zuwa ga sauran matsananci, suna lalata a cikin X-rated, jima'i na tashin hankali.Maza-duck-duck na iya samun membobi fiye da jikinsu, wanda tabbas yana sanya abubuwa cikin hangen nesa a gare mu.Har ila yau, adadin mallard drakes suna haɗuwa da kowace kaza, wani lokacin lokaci ɗaya, wani lokaci yana haifar da rauni ko (da wuya) mutuwar mace.

Wannan yana kama da mummunar hanya don gudanar da nau'in nau'in, tare da drakes suna kashe kaji.Amma akwai wasu hankali game da shi.An lura da mata suna ta tattara agwagi waɗanda ba su da wani abin da ya fi dacewa da su.Dalilin da kazar mallard za ta yi barnstorm drake hangouts don samun su bi ta yana da nasaba da tsawon rayuwa.Ya bambanta da Goose na Kanada, wanda aka sani yana rayuwa shekaru 10 zuwa 25 a cikin yanayi, mallards na daji suna da matsakaicin tsawon shekaru 3-5.Wannan yana nufin adadin mata masu yawa, waɗanda suka fara haihuwa tun suna shekara 2, za su yi aure sau ɗaya kawai a rayuwarsu.Haɗin kai da yawa zai tabbatar da cewa ƙwai na kaza za su yi haifuwa.

Kuma 'yan agwagwa suna da dabarar sirri - da zarar kaza ta sami hankalin samari, za ta iya ɗaukar baban duckling.Idan namiji bai dace da ita ba, za ta shiryar da azzakari mai hasara zuwa cikin mataccen farji har sai ya gama, karya ce ta fitar da shi.Za a bar drake mai sa'a ya tafi gaba ɗaya yadi tara.Don haka in yi magana — Ina shakka yana da tsayi haka.

Babu shakka, mallard ba sa buƙatar taimakonmu neman abinci.A mafi yawan lokuta ba kyakkyawan ra'ayi ba ne (kuma dokokin gida na iya hana shi) ciyar da tsuntsayen ruwa, wanda zai iya haifar da gurɓataccen ruwa da cututtuka, har ma da wasu da za su iya shafar mutane.Abin da ake kira “ƙaiɗan masu ninkaya,” ƙwayar agwagwa da ke addabar masu zuwa bakin teku, ita ce mafi ƙanƙanta.GISD ta ce “…mallards sune manyan abubuwan da ke da nisa na H5N1 [mura tsuntsaye] tunda suna fitar da mafi girman adadin kwayar cutar fiye da sauran agwagi yayin da suke da kariya daga tasirinta… yana ba da hanyar haɗi zuwa tsuntsayen ruwa na daji, dabbobin gida, da mutane suna mai da shi cikakkiyar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. "

Tsawon rayuwar mallards ya kori nau'ikan don haɓaka dabarun da suka haɗa da muggan halaye.Mu mutane ba mu da irin wannan uzuri.Zai zama abin mamaki idan za mu iya yarda cewa ba za mu taɓa yin aiki kamar maɗaukaki ba, amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne a cikin duniya mai sarƙaƙƙiya.Wataƙila za mu iya aƙalla ƙoƙarin mu zama yare biyu.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Lokacin da batun dabba smarts ya zo, za mu iya jayayya ko crow ko aku ya fi wayo, ko kuma idan dolphins sun fi manatees wayo.Ba kasafai muke danganta hankali ga nau'ikan rayuwa kamar kwari, tsirrai ko fungi ba.Kuma yana da wuya a haƙiƙa cewa muna tambayar fifikonmu na hankali a cikin dabbobi.Gaskiya ne cewa babu wani nau'in nau'in da zai iya yin nuni ga manyan nasarori kamar su Colosseum, ruwan acid, iskar jijiyoyi da bama-bamai.Amma wannan ba yana nufin sauran nau'ikan tsuntsaye ba ne.Maganar misali.

Yana da ma'ana cewa giwaye da whales yara ne whiz-yar, idan aka yi la'akari da girman kawunansu.Dangane da nau'in nau'in, kwakwalwar whale suna auna tsakanin 12 zuwa 18 fam (5.4-8 kg).(5.1 kg).Idan aka kwatanta da su, kwakwalwarmu mai nauyin kilo 3 (kilogram 1.3) ƙananan dankali ne.Abin da ke bambanta kwakwalwar dabbobi masu shayarwa da sauran nau'o'in dabba shine neocortex, yanki mafi girma na kwakwalwa da ke da alhakin ayyuka masu girma kamar harshe da tunani mai zurfi.

Amma girman ba shine kawai abin da ya fi dacewa ba.Neocortices ɗinmu, ba kamar na yawancin dabbobi ba, suna da murƙushewa sosai, wanda ke nufin mun sanya komai ya fi rikitarwa fiye da dole.A haƙiƙa, juyin juya hali yana ba wa kwakwalen mu dukiya da yawa ta girma-kamar Texas ta zama kilishi kuma ta lalace har girman Vermont.Yawan kadada mai yawa zai dace a cikin ƙaramin sarari idan ba komai bane sai kwaruruka da tsaunuka.Wannan yanki mafi girma ya yi daidai da ikon sarrafawa fiye da kwakwalwar da ba ta da yawa sosai kamar ta whale.

Ƙwarewar yin amfani da kayan aiki, da ɗaukar su don amfani da su a nan gaba, ɗaya ne daga cikin alamomin hankali da aka yarda da su.A da, an yi tunanin cewa mutane kawai da danginmu na birai ne kawai suke amfani da kayan aiki.Wasu gorilla a Borneo suna amfani da sanduna don mashi kifin, kuma an lura da gorilla na yamma ta hanyar amfani da sanda don auna zurfin ruwa.Aƙalla yanayi ɗaya, gorilla ta yi amfani da katako don kera gada don ketare rafi.Ina tsammanin idan sun fara cajin kuɗi, za mu kara musu girma.

Kwanan nan ne aka sami bayanan ilimin cephalopods kamar kifin kifi, squid da octopodes.An lura da Octopodes suna neman bawon kwakwa da aka jefar da kuma yin amfani da su don gina katangar teku iri-iri da za a ɓoye a cikinsu.Idan ikonsu da kayan aikin ya ci gaba, Ina tsammanin za su iya saƙa riga mai ban mamaki cikin ɗan lokaci.

Tsuntsaye kuma suna amfani da kayan aiki - hankaka, alal misali, za su yi amfani da sanda don buga kwaro da ba za su iya kaiwa ba.Lokacin da kwarin ya ciji sandar, hankaka ya fitar da sandar ya ci kwaron.A koyaushe mutane suna ɗaukan tsuntsayen ba su da wayo sosai saboda kwakwalen su suna auna gram kaɗan, kuma suna daga girman fis zuwa ƙila girman goro.To, dole ne mu ci hankaka, domin kwakwalwar tsuntsaye sun fi kwakwalwar dabbobi masu yawa nesa ba kusa ba.Kamar dai muna kwatanta kwakwalwar microchip na tsuntsaye da babban ɗigon ruwa-tube na kwakwalwar ɗan adam da izgili, lokacin da a zahiri tsuntsaye da yawa suna gwada daidai da primates don samun hankali.

Mun san cewa zumar zuma suna amfani da nau'in rawan kudan zuma na fassara don sadarwa da juna game da wurin furanni da picnickers.Ga alama bumblebees ɗinmu suna da ɗaya akan su.A cikin 2016, masu bincike a Jami'ar Queen Mary ta London sun gano cewa a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan, ƙwanƙwasa sun koyi yadda ake mirgina ƙaramin ball a cikin ɗan rami don samun ladan ruwan sukari.Ina tsammanin masu binciken yanzu sun shagaltu da wasannin golf na bumblebee.

Ko kayan lambu na iya koyan sabbin dabaru.Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna martanin Pavlovian lokacin da aka gabatar da haske da sauran abubuwan motsa jiki tare daga kusurwoyi daban-daban.Tsire-tsire ba shakka za su yi girma a cikin hanyar haske.Amma lokacin da aka kashe hasken, tsire-tsire sun karkata zuwa ga sauran abubuwan motsa jiki, kamar yadda karnukan Pavlov suka yi salivat lokacin da suka ji kararrawa.Ina tsammanin lokacin hutun hunturu ya kasance abin takaici ga waɗancan ɗigon ruwa.

Mutane, birai, squids, tsuntsaye, kwari, da tsire-tsire-babu inda za a je sai ƙasa.Shigar da slime mold na plasmodial, kwayar halitta mai raɗaɗi ɗaya mai motsi wanda zai iya leƙo asirin ƙasa, nemo mafi kyawun abinci, kuma ya mamaye shi, yana girma har abada.Ana zuwa da wuri zuwa gidan wasan kwaikwayo kusa da ku.Yana jin kamar fim ɗin sci-fi, kuma ɗimbin ruwan hoda, rawaya ko fari slime mold, yuwuwar yadi murabba'i a cikin yanki, yayi kama da ɗan hanya.Yawancin lokaci suna rayuwa ne a cikin wuraren dajin inuwa, amma suna iya nunawa akan gadon furen ku, kuma wani abokinsa ya taɓa aiko da hoto na slime mold wanda ya lulluɓe giyarsa mara komai a cikin dare.

Masu bincike sun gano cewa plasmodial slime mold yana amfani da hadaddun algorithms don yanke shawara - masu ma'ana, ya bayyana - game da wace hanya za ta ci gaba yayin da yake zazzagewa a cikin shimfidar wuri.Ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu bincike a cikin binciken na 2015 shine Simon Garnier, Mataimakin Farfesa na Biology a Cibiyar Fasaha ta New Jersey.Ya ce "[karatun slime molds] yana ƙalubalantar tunaninmu da aka riga aka yi na mafi ƙarancin kayan aikin halitta da ake buƙata don haɓakar ɗabi'a."

Watakila lokaci ya yi da za mu mai da hankali ga danginmu da ba na mutane ba.Ina fata suna da abubuwa da yawa da za su koya mana.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Watakila husufin wata ya zama ruwan dare fiye da saurin kawar da wani labari mai ban tsoro game da cutar daji, amma an haye yatsu cewa irin wannan abu ya faru a gundumar St. Lawrence a wannan bazara.Kawar da tsire-tsire, ina nufin-dukkanmu mun san game da al'amuran sararin samaniya a wannan Yuli da ya wuce, farkon tsakiyar wata na farko tun Yuni 2011. Godiya ga kaifi idanun Dr. Tony Beane, Farfesa na Kimiyyar Dabbobi a SUNY Canton wanda shi ma ƙwararren masanin halitta, itacen inabi mai ban sha'awa mai iya lalata gonaki da dazuzzuka an kawar da su cikin makonni da tabbatar da shi a yankin Ogdensburg.

Wanda aka fi sani da Berry Berry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata), babu wani abu "brev" game da sunan Latin, ko al'adar girma, na wannan itacen inabi mai banƙyama wanda zai iya saurin rufe ciyayi tare da koguna da gefuna na gandun daji, yana kashe tsire-tsire na asali da kuma hana farfadowa.An haramta shi a yawancin jihohi, kuma an jera shi a matsayin "Haramta Nau'i" ta Ma'aikatar Kula da Muhalli ta Jihar New York (NYSDEC), ma'ana "ba za a iya mallakar shi da gangan ba tare da niyya don sayarwa, shigo da kaya, siya, sufuri ko gabatarwa. ”Abin baƙin ciki, binciken gidan yanar gizo har yanzu yana haɓaka tallace-tallace da yawa don siyan wannan itacen inabi, ko da lokacin da aka ƙara “masu ɓarna” a cikin sigogin bincike.

Gano nau'in Berry a arewacin NY an danganta shi da haɗin gwiwar St. Lawrence-Eastern Lake Ontario don Gudanar da nau'ikan nau'ikan ɓarna na yanki (SLELO PRISM), gungun ƙungiyoyin kiyayewa, amintattun ƙasa, da hukumomin gwamnati a matakai daban-daban waɗanda burinsu shine iyakancewa. lalacewar tattalin arziki da muhalli da tsire-tsire, kwari, da halittun ruwa ke yi.Akan idon Dr.Rahoton Beane, SLELO PRISM's Early Detete Team ya kai ziyarar gani da ido, kuma an lalata tsire-tsire.Kungiyar ta yi shirin yin ziyarce-ziyarce a cikin wasu yanayi masu zuwa don zagayawa don sake samun ci gaba.

'Yan asalin ƙasar Japan da wasu sassan arewacin China, an fara kawo berries a Amurka a shekara ta 1870 a matsayin kayan ado.Yana da alaƙa da 'ya'yan inabinmu na daji, wanda zai iya rikicewa da shi cikin sauƙi.Ba kamar kurangar inabi ba, wadda ke da shaggy, bawon haushi da rami mai launin ruwan kasa, itacen inabin itacen inabi yana da santsi, bawon lentil (m lokacin da ya tsufa amma ba mai fitar da shi ba), da kuma farar rami.Berries masu wuya, masu launi iri-iri waɗanda aka sanya wa suna suna ci gaba daga lavender zuwa kore zuwa shuɗi mai haske yayin da suke girma, kuma ba sa ratayewa kamar inabi, amma ana riƙe su a tsaye.Ganyen Berry na ɗanɗano sau da yawa suna da zurfi 5-lobed idan aka kwatanta da ganyayen inabi, waɗanda gabaɗaya suna da lobe 3 kuma ba kamar yadda aka ƙera su ba, amma wannan ya bambanta sosai kuma yana da siffa mara kyau.

Ko da yake yuwuwar kawar da wani nau'in cin zarafi da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba a Arewacin ƙasar yana da daɗi, an yi kira ga jama'a da su sanya ido kan 'ya'yan itacen berry.Tsuntsaye ne ke cinye 'ya'yan itacen, kuma tsaba daga wannan sanannen jama'a ana iya ɗaukar su cikin sauƙi zuwa wasu wurare a arewacin NYS.Idan kuna tsammanin kuna iya samun wannan shuka, da fatan za a ba da rahoto ga Cornell Cooperative Extension ko ofishin NYSDEC mafi kusa.Ana iya samun cikakken jerin NYSDEC da aka Kayyade da Hannun Dabbobi a dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/isprohibitedplants2.pdf.Don ƙarin bayani kan sarrafa masu cin zarafi a yankin St. Lawrence-Eastern Lake Ontario, ziyarci sleloinvasives.org

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Dasa bishiya ba kimiyyar roka ba ce, abu ne mai kyau.Idan da wannan hadaddun, da zan yi wasa da za mu sami raguwar bishiyoyi da yawa a kan titunan mu.Mai yiyuwa ne ba zai dauki masanin kimiyya ya dasa bishiyar daidai ba, amma ana kashe kudade da yawa a kowace shekara don saye da dasa itatuwan da za a iya ba da hayar su, saboda kawai za su rayu kadan na tsawon rayuwarsu.

Lokacin da bishiyoyi suka ragu kuma suka mutu bayan shekaru 15, 20, ko ma shekaru 30, abu na ƙarshe da muke zargi shine dasa shuki.Ko da yake bishiyoyin shimfidar wuri kamar dutse-ash da birch suna da gajeriyar rayuwa ta zahiri, maple sugar ko jan itacen oak ya kamata ya wuce shekaru ɗari ko fiye da sauƙi.Amma duk da haka sau da yawa, nau'in da ya daɗe zai ƙare a ashirin saboda an dasa shi "sauri da ƙazanta."Kuna iya samun misalan bishiyun da ke raguwa a matsayin shekaru masu yawa a cikin ci gaban gidaje, musamman ma tare da manyan hanyoyin da 'yan kwangila suka maye gurbin bishiyoyin da aka sare don inganta hanyoyin.Hakanan ana iya la'akari da irin waɗannan bishiyoyin haya, ba sayayya ba.

Zurfafa dasa yana kafa mataki don bishiyar mara lafiya, wanda sau da yawa yakan kai ga ƙarshen rashin lokaci.Kowane bishiya yana zuwa tare da “zurfin ma’auni” mai amfani da ake kira flare na gangar jikin, wanda yakamata a iya gani sama da matakin ƙasa na asali.Shuka mai zurfi yana haifar da mummunar matsalolin lafiya na gaba.Don itacen, da farko.Ga wargi na arborist: Menene kuke kira rami mai zurfin ƙafa 3 don bishiya?Kabarinsa.

Idan aka ba su druthers, tushen bishiyar ya ninka tsawon reshe sau 2-3, ko layin drip, amma 90% daga cikinsu zai zama saman 10 inci na ƙasa.Don yin la'akari da wannan gaskiyar, ramin dasa ya kamata ya zama nau'in saucer kuma sau 2-3 a diamita na tsarin tushen, amma ba zurfi - har abada.In ba haka ba, 'Yan sandan Shuka za su tikitin ku.Ok wannan almara ne, amma idan arborist ya zo tare, ita ko shi na iya yin baƙar magana.

Idan aka haƙa bishiya a wurin gandun daji, yawancin saiwoyinta ana yanke ta ne da ɗigon bishiyar da ake tona ta.Kalmar dasawa girgiza tana nufin wannan mummunar asarar tushen.Babu shakka, bishiyoyi na iya tsira daga dasawa, amma suna buƙatar samun yanayin da ya dace don sake girma tushen.Yana da mahimmanci tushen dasawa ya sami damar shiga cikin ƙasan da ke kewaye, saboda kowane ɗan shinge zai iya sa su juya baya don neman buɗewa.Ƙasƙaƙƙarfan ƙasa-na kowa a kan tituna-da kuma yumbu mai nauyi sune misalai.

Ko da burlap a kusa da tushen ball an nuna yana haifar da saiwoyin da'irar cikin masana'anta.Cajin waya da ke kewaye da burlap na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa, kuma galibi suna haifar da ƙarin matsaloli yayin da tushen ya girma.Da zarar bishiya ta kasance a zurfin da ya dace a cikin rami, cire duk burlap da kejin waya daga bishiyoyin ball-da-burlap.Tushen bishiyoyin da aka shuka a kwantena suna buƙatar zazzage su kai tsaye.Idan ya cancanta, yanke su don yin wannan.A tsawon lokaci, tushen da'irar yana ƙaruwa a diamita kuma suna takura juna.Wasu daga ƙarshe sun zama tushen ɗaɗɗen ɗamara waɗanda ke shake gangar jikin, ko dai a ɗan lokaci ko gaba ɗaya, a ƙarƙashin layin ƙasa, kuma alamun damuwa kamar launin faɗuwar farkon faɗuwar rana da ɓacin rai na bayyana.

Zaɓin yana da mahimmanci.Kamar yara, bishiyoyi suna da kyan gani lokacin da kuka kawo su gida daga gandun daji, amma suna iya girma da sauri kuma su ɗauki ɗaki fiye da yadda kuke tsammani.Idan rukunin yanar gizon yana ƙarƙashin wayoyi ko yana da iyakance sarari don rassan, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in da za su iya girma da girma ba tare da haifar da rikici ba.Zaɓi bishiyar da ke da ƙarfi zuwa yankin-wasu kantuna na iya ɗaukar bishiyoyin da ba su dace da yanayin da kuke zama ba.Kuma ba duka bishiyoyi ba ne suke da yanayin rana.Maples na iya tsayawa kaɗan na inuwa, amma inuwa mai inuwa na iya yin hauka.A ƙarshe, bishiyoyi irin su hawthorn, hackberry da Kentucky coffeetree suna da sha'awar kwanciyar hankali, la'akarin da aka ba mu tsawon lokacin sanyi.

Tare da ƙasa mai yashi ko nauyi mai nauyi, matsakaicin adadin kwayoyin halitta zai iya inganta ci gaban baya.Amma fiye da 30% ta ƙarar na iya haifar da "tasirin teacup," wanda ke haifar da shaƙar tushen.Taki yana da damuwa akan sabbin bishiyoyi, don haka jira akalla shekara guda akan hakan.A cikin ƙasa mai lafiya, bishiyoyi bazai buƙatar takin kasuwanci ba.

Ruwa yayin da kuke cikowa, samar da ƙasa da sanda ko shebur don kawar da manyan aljihunan iska.Sai dai idan wurin yana da iska sosai yana da kyau kada a binne bishiyoyi — suna buƙatar motsi don kututture masu ƙarfi su haɓaka.Ciki zurfin inci 2-4 a kan wurin dasa shuki (ba a taɓa gangar jikin ba) zai taimaka kiyaye danshi da danne ciyawa.

Tare da adadin kuɗi da ƙoƙari iri ɗaya, yana yiwuwa a dasa samfur na jikokinmu na iya nunawa tare da girman kai.Ko kuma, za mu iya dasa itace iri ɗaya wadda ta bushe kafin mu yi ritaya.Batun aikin gida ne kawai, da kuma kula da wasu ƴan bayanai.Babu kimiyyar roka, an yi sa'a.

Idan kuna son koyon yadda ake dasa itatuwan da jikokinku za su iya nunawa tare da alfahari, da fatan za a shiga yankin St. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation District da Cornell Cooperative Extension a ranar Asabar, Oktoba 13 daga karfe 9 na safe zuwa tsakar rana a Canton's Bend-In- The-River Park a 90 Lincoln Street don taron bita kan dashen bishiya da kulawa.Ajin kyauta ne kuma buɗe wa jama'a, amma ana buƙatar riga-kafi.Don yin rajista ko don ƙarin bayani, kira Haruna Barrigar a St. Lawrence County Soil and Water Conservation District a (315) 386-3582.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Yawancin nightshades suna da lafiya kuma suna da daɗi, kuma suna da kyau a cikin sandwiches da miya.Wasu kaɗan ne masu kisa, waɗanda akasari masu laifi ne suka girka, amma yawancin sun mamaye wuri mai launin toka tsakanin waɗannan matsananci biyu.A duk duniya, akwai kusan nau'ikan 2,700 a cikin dangin nightshade, wanda aka sani da solanaceae zuwa geeks na Latin.Ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi albarkatu masu daɗi kamar tumatir, dankali, eggplant, barkono, da tomatillos.Har ila yau, an haɗa shi da wani sashe ta haruffa masu inuwa kamar jimsonweed da mshade na dare waɗanda suka haifar da tashin hankali da mutuwa, duka na ganganci da ganganci, cikin tarihi.

Nightshades suna nan a kowace nahiya ban da Antarctica, kodayake Ostiraliya da Kudancin Amurka suna da mafi girman bambancin, da lambobi, na nau'ikan.Taba yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin inuwar dare ta tattalin arziƙi, yayin da sauran 'yan uwa, misali petunias da lanterns na Sinawa, suna jin daɗin yadinmu.Yawancin dare shades nau'in daji ne, wasu daga cikinsu an yi amfani da su azaman tushen magani ga millennia.

Da alama kalmar "sumac" ta riga ta kasance da "guba" a cikin zukatan mutane da yawa, abin takaici saboda duk sumac da muke gani a kan tituna da kuma shingen shinge ba su da lahani.Guba sumac, wanda ke buƙatar ruwa a tsaye, itace shrub mai sheki mai sheki tare da faɗuwar farin berries.Yana iya haifar da kurji mai guba kamar ivy, amma nau'in da ba a saba gani ba ne.Har ma mafi girma, kowa yana ɗauka kalmar "nightshade" koyaushe tana zuwa bayan kalmar "mai mutuwa."

Babu shakka, ɓangaren matsalar ɗaya ce ta yin alama."Haƙiƙa" m nightshade (Atropa belladonna) ya cancanci sunansa.Berry guda ɗaya na iya zama m ga yaro, kuma berries 8-10 ko ganye ɗaya kawai ya isa ya kashe babba.Guba na haɗari na iya faruwa saboda berries mai kaho mai zurfi suna ɗanɗano mai daɗi, kuma yara ko manya suna iya cinye su.An kuma yi amfani da shukar da gangan a matsayin hanyar kashe abokan gaba na siyasa da ma'aurata marasa aminci.A cikin aƙalla yanayi ɗaya, an shafe duka garrison na sojoji da ruwan inabi mai dadi da aka yi da A. belladonna berry tsantsa (shaida mai taimako: kar ku karɓi sha daga sarakunan abokan gaba ko wasu mutanen da ba ku sani ba da kyau).

Koyaya, mshade na dare ya fi son yanayi mai zafi ko na wurare masu zafi, kuma ba a san yana faruwa a arewacin NY ba.Abin da muke yawan kira "dareshade mai mutuwa" shine ɗan ƙasa mai ɗaci dare shade, Solanum dulcamara, wanda tsaba suna da ɗanɗano mai guba.Amma muna da haɗari na dare, jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) wanda kuma aka sani da shaidan-apple ko mahaukaci-apple.Duk sassan shuka suna da guba, amma musamman iri.'Yan asalin ƙasar Mexico da Amurka ta tsakiya, wannan ƙaƙƙarfan ciyawa na shekara-shekara yana da tsayi sosai, fari, furanni masu siffa da furanni masu kama da kyan gani, kuma ana iya samun su da wuraren kiwo da barnya.

Duk nightshades sun ƙunshi wasu adadin atropine, scopolamine, da sauran mahadi waɗanda a cikin mintuna kaɗan suna da amfani na likita, amma suna da haɗari sosai a manyan allurai.A cikin kunkuntar iyakoki, waɗannan sinadarai kuma an yi amfani da su don nishaɗi.Abin takaici, wasu guba suna faruwa ne sakamakon mutanen da suke cinye A. belladonna, D. stramonium, da sauran abubuwan daddare tare da yawan adadin irin waɗannan sinadarai musamman a cikin kuskuren imani za su iya girma.Tsire-tsire a wuri ɗaya na iya zama sau da yawa mai guba kamar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i) da ke girma a wani wuri daban-daban na iya zama sau da yawa.

Fatar dankalin da aka fallasa zuwa haske zai zama kore, yana nuna cewa wasu ka'idoji masu guba sun taru.Haɗarin ɗan ƙaramin abu ne, amma don kasancewa a gefen aminci ya kamata a jefar da su.Magungunan na iya shiga cikin nama, kuma cire sassan kore bai isa ba don kawar da haɗari ga jarirai ko tsofaffi gaba ɗaya.Hakanan, akwai ɗan haɗari a cikin ɗanɗano ɗanɗano na tumatir ko ganyen dankalin turawa, amma inda yara ke damun su, a tura duk tambayoyin zuwa cibiyar hana guba.Yi farin ciki da kayan lambu na dare, amma ka nisanta daga masu inuwa.

Paul Hetzler ma'aikacin gandun daji ne kuma mai koyar da aikin gona da albarkatun kasa tare da Cornell Cooperative Extension na gundumar St. Lawrence.

Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-27-2020